The Battle of Ain Jalut 1260 - (Egyptian Mamluks vs Mongols)

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The Battle of Ain Jalut (or Ayn Jalut; the "Spring of Goliath") took place on 3 September 1260 between the Egyptian Mamluks and the Mongols in Palestine, in the Jezreel Valley, not far from Ein Harod.

When Möngke Khan became Great Khan in 1251, he immediately set out to implement his grandfather Genghis Khan's plan for world empire. To lead the task of subduing the nations of the West, he selected his brother, another of Genghis Khan's grandsons, Hulagu Khan.

Assembling the army took five years, and it was not until 1256 that Hulagu was prepared to begin the invasions. Operating from the Mongol base in Persia, Hulagu proceeded south. Mongke Khan had ordered good treatment for those who yielded without resistance, and destruction for those who did not. In this way Hulagu and his army had conquered some of the most powerful and longstanding dynasties of the time. Other countries in the Mongols' path submitted to Mongol authority, and contributed forces to the Mongol army. By the time that the Mongols reached Baghdad, their army included Cilician Armenians, and even some Frankish forces from the submitted Principality of Antioch. The Hashshashin in Persia fell, the 500-year-old Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad was destroyed (see Battle of Baghdad), and so too fell the Ayyubid dynasty in Damascus. Hulagu's plan was to then proceed southwards through Palestine towards Egypt, to confront the last major Islamic power, the Mamluk Sultanate.

In 1260, Hulagu sent envoys to Qutuz in Cairo, demanding his surrender:

From the King of Kings of the East and West, the Great Khan. To Qutuz the Mamluk, who fled to escape our swords. You should think of what happened to other countries and submit to us. You have heard how we have conquered a vast empire and have purified the earth of the disorders that tainted it. We have conquered vast areas, massacring all the people. You cannot escape from the terror of our armies. Where can you flee? What road will you use to escape us? Our horses are swift, our arrows sharp, our swords like thunderbolts, our hearts as hard as the mountains, our soldiers as numerous as the sand. Fortresses will not detain us, nor arms stop us. Your prayers to God will not avail against us. We are not moved by tears nor touched by lamentations. Only those who beg our protection will be safe. Hasten your reply before the fire of war is kindled. Resist and you will suffer the most terrible catastrophes. We will shatter your mosques and reveal the weakness of your God and then we will kill your children and your old men together. At present you are the only enemy against whom we have to march.

Qutuz responded, however, by killing the envoys and displaying their heads on Bab Zuweila, one of the gates of Cairo.

This battle is considered by many historians to be of great macro-historical importance, as it marked the highwater point of Mongol conquests, and the first time they had ever been decisively defeated. After previous defeats, the Mongols had always returned and avenged the loss, but after the Battle of Ain Jalut they were unable to do so. The Mongol Ilkhanate leader Hulagu Khan was not able to advance into Egypt, and the Khanate he established in Persia was only able to defeat the Mamluks once in subsequent expeditions, briefly reoccupying Syria and parts of Palestine for a few months in 1300.

-Wikipedia-

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[TheKalion]

how many factions can you play as in this game?

might get it

[OttomanTotalWar]

@TheKalion

21 factions, whom 17 are playable. In the beginning you can only play 5. If you win with one of these you unlock all 17.

The Factions include: England, France, Spain, Holy Roman Empire, Venice, Portugal, Scotland, Moors, Egypt, Turks, Byzantine Empire, Sicily, Milan, Denmark, Russia, Poland and Hungary.

Unplayable factions are: Papal States, Mongols, Aztecs and Timurids.

+ there are other factions in the expansion packs.

[OttomanTotalWar]

What is all this racist discussion on Mamluks?

Egypt was ruled by the Mamluks who were elite soldiers bought as slaves. They were mostly of Turkic origin later Caucasian origin, but they were a little group and most of the population was Egyptian, they were all muslim.

The majority of both armies was probably neither Mamluk or Mongol, but local population.

[jamilhaikal]

For every one who call the national call and try to seprate the islamic bondage ,, i tell him we are all muslims ,,we are one nation ,, the Islamic army in Ein jalot was united under the Flag or La Ilaha Ella Allah Mohammad Rasol Allah , And we dont forget the Call of Qotoz Wa Islamah Wa Islamah ,, he did not call for eygpt or his race ,, he Call for ISlam and Islam Only ,,please Stop it and stop being slaves to these weak bondage and lets Unite again under the ISLAMIC Banner

[MrTheCorrupter]

Thanks to the Mongols, Islam remains only the second most populous people in the world.Before the Mongols came in, ISlam and Arab/Kwazamerid/Baghdadian Empires were are their peak of civilization.Muslims and their Caliphate made a fatal mistake by challenging the great Khan. They made a foolish flaw when they decided to proselytize and forceful convert the free mongols to Islam,via khazakstan.

By our father the open blue sky ,Tengri, we ride and non will stop us and our lord,Chengiz Khan

[burakkk55]

mamluks original name...el-devletül Turkiye...the state of Türkiye (Turkey) mamluks origin s Turkish...

[TheKalion]

@OttomanTotalWar

thanks :D

[tingkirtingkir]

The tactics of the Mamluks was to hide some of their soldiers at first. When the Mongols managed to advance further up the hill,the Mamluks archers attack them vigorously. Hence,the Mongols retreat to area in Ain Jalut which can offer some protection. Unfortunately for them,another batch of Mamluks soldiers were hiding there and the Mongols was taken aback.

[tingkirtingkir]

In this battle, Egyptian Mamluks was led by Saifuddin Qutuz, Rukunuddin al-Daudar and Berke Khan. Hulagu Khan was not in the battle as his brother Mongke Khan died on the way to China. So the Mongols was led by Kitbuqa and he was killed by Jamaludin Aqusy as-Syams. Also, Saifuddin Qutuz's wife join the battle and was killed by one of the Mongols. And the fall of Baghdad was also cause by a traitor called Umaiyiduddin Muhamad al-Aqami (he regret doing so later after the fall of Baghdad.)

[ahmedzs1]

Egyptians, best soldiers in the world as said by prophet mohamed pbuh.

[comradecommedy]

@singularku It was the Egyptians vs the Mongols and the Christian Crusaders, the mongols and crusader army were nearly obliterated by the Egyptians - but they both took heavy losses.

[Lordofthenipplerings]

Chinese general Guo Kan led the battle of Baghdad under Helagu Khan. He introduced siege and artillery to the Mongols. Wasnt present at Ain Jalut. The commander there died.