Kya Kool Hain Hum(2005)Hum mein Bada hai Dum

Introduction to Methods of Offering Expert Opinion,through Forensic Psychology
Expert opinion can be in the form of an affidavit Or appearance in Court,in Witness Stand.
Perhaps the most important and basic policy decision the law has made regarding the use of Forensic psychologists in court cases is to allow them to serve current or prospective litigants or courts in one of the four roles.Indian Law permits the opinion of experts under the Indian Evidence Act of 1872 ;Clause 45.
1.Consultant.
2.Expert Witness providing adjudicative testimony.
3.Expert Witness providing educational testimony.
4.Expert witness providing legal legislative testimony
The standard methods used are:-
1.Case Studies
Generalizing from the Unique.-Scientific biographies known as case histories and case studies , are important sources of data for psychologists studying individuals.They are indispensable in research in mental problems and treatments and to the Clinical Method/Clinical Psychology..Every human geing is unique,each of us possesses a distinctive combination of traits,abilities and characteristics.Given this fact,is it possible to learn anything about human behavior from detailed study of one individual or perhaps a few persons?Several famous psychologists have suggested that it is.There is detailed information on specific individuals, or case histories of institutions or groups of people.The researchers then uses this information to formulate principles or reach conclusions that ,presumably, apply to large number of persons-perhaps to all human beings..Sigmund Freud was the most famous practitioner of case study,who used a small number of cases as the basis for his famous theories of personality and mental illness.In the hands of talented researchers such as Freud, it does seem capable of providing insights into various aspects of behavior.Moreover when the behavior involved is very unusual,the case method can be quite revealing.A full case study describes the patients functioning,personality structure and dynamics,strengths and weaknesses,the developmental antecedents and possible future course of the patients condition, and recommendations for further clinical intervention.It is written in the form of a psychological report..The case method is a basic approach,not only in clinical and personality psychology,but in many areas of the behavioral and social sciences where general principles can be illuminated through the intensive study of particular lives.(Allport 1942,R.W.White 1966);Bolgar 1965).
Ideally the complete case study describes the individuals personality and functioning from each of the following six basic perspectives-motivational,structural,developmental, adaptational,ecological and biological.The case study addresses such questions as:What problems are troubling and /or in capacitating the individual?What kind of person is he?Why does he function as he does?How did he come to be?How does he relate to his social environment?What are the major stresses in his life and what resources does he have to cope with them,?What accounts for his present distress and decision to seek help?What interventions are possible?What can be done,to what ends,and with what hope of success?What is the likely Outcome (prognosis)?

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