Manifeste des Egaux_Sylvain Maréchal_Revi
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Uploaded by meffam on Apr 8, 2010
Pierre Sylvain Maréchal, né à Paris le 15 août 1750 et mort le 18 janvier 1803, est un écrivain, poète et pamphlétaire français. Militant politique, il fut le compagnon de Gracchus Babeuf, précurseur du communisme. Sylvain Maréchal senthousiasme pour la Révolution française naissante. Il défend les pauvres, tout en se montrant un adversaire de lautoritarisme. Il ne prend pas parti dans le conflit entre les Girondins et les Jacobins et sinquiète du tour pris par la Révolution. Sa rencontre avec Gracchus Babeuf et sa conjuration des Égaux vont en faire lun des précurseurs du communisme (Manifeste des Égaux, 1796) et, selon certains, lun des premiers anarchistes.
English:
On 15 August 1750 one of the most radical socialist atheists of all times was born in Paris. Sylvain Maréchal, a poet whose Manifest of the Equals was too much even for the egalitarian conspiracy of Gracchus Babeuf, was the author of an Almanach des Honnêtes Gens, in which he proposed a new calendar replacing the names of the Saints with those of the "benefactors of humanity" -- philosophers, writers and scientists.
Maréchal was an admirer of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Claude Adrien Helvétius, and Denis Diderot, and associated with deist and atheist authors.
An enthusiastic supporter of the French Revolution, Maréchal also advocated the defense of the poor. He did not become involved in the conflict opposing Girondists and Jacobins, and became instead worried about the outcome of revolutionary events, especially after the Thermidorian Reaction and the establishment of the French Directory. The encounter between him and François-Noël Babeuf (Gracchus Babeuf) and involvement in the latter's conspiracy was to find in Maréchal an early influence on utopian socialism, as evidenced by the manifesto he wrote in support of Babeuf's goals - Manifeste des Egaux (first issued in 1796).
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