Research - By: (Me) Nicholas Ellis @ www.Youtube.com/sn1pe352
Light has electric and magnetic components.
Until now, scientists thought the effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect.
TURNING a vacuum into a superconductor could be as simple as zapping it with a super-powerful magnet.
That's according to Maxim Chernodub of the University of Tours in France, who believes powerful magnetic fields could pluck charged particles out of the vacuum of space and set them flowing as a current that never encounters any resistance.
This seemingly bizarre proposal is a consequence of the uncertainty principle of quantum theory, which says we can never be sure that a vacuum is truly empty. Instead, space is fizzing with "virtual" particles, which tend to disappear almost as soon as they form. In principle, however, they could stick around long enough to become real, if they could avoid adding energy to the universe's current tally - in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.
That's exactly what happens when charged particles that behave like tiny bar magnets pop out of the vacuum in a strong magnetic field. The particles rotate so their internal magnetic field aligns with the external one, which decreases the total energy. If the field is strong enough, the virtual particles can become real. "You can add many particles with no cost of energy," says Chernodub. Such particles all share the same quantum state and form what is known as a condensate, in which they flow together as one and carry current without resistance.
Previous research had focused on relatively heavy particles, called W bosons, that pop out of the vacuum in this way. But Chernodub modelled the scenario with lighter particles called rho mesons, which require less powerful magnetic fields to become real.
According to the uncertainty principle, virtual particles quickly pop in and out of existence throughout the vacuum of space. The pair calculate that a sufficiently powerful gravitational field, such as that created by a dense object like a neutron star, could create a region near the star where these virtual particles become densely packed. Their calculations suggest that the overall energy density of this region will grow exponentially until it dwarfs the energy of the object that generated the gravitational field - a "monster of virtual particles that exceeds the strength of its creator."
An unusually exotic theory of sonoluminescence, which has received much popular attention, is the Casimir energy theory suggested by noted physicist Julian Schwinger and more thoroughly considered in a paper by Claudia Eberlein of the University of Sussex. Eberlein's paper suggests that the light in sonoluminescence is generated by the vacuum within the bubble in a process similar to Hawking radiation, the radiation generated by the edges of black holes. Quantum theory holds that vacuum contains virtual particles, and the rapidly moving interface between water and gas converts virtual photons into real photons. This is related to the Unruh effect or the Casimir effect. If true, sonoluminescence may be the first observable example of quantum vacuum radiation.
"According to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an aether. According to the general theory of relativity space without aether is unthinkable." - A.Einstein, Sidelights on Relativity, 1922, page 23.
One must keep in mind that Einstein was involved with aether theories of the time (one of his first papers was titled, "The Investigation of the State of Aether in Magnetic Fields"). He had access to patents and documentation as he worked as a library clerk at the Swiss patent office since 1902 and undoubtly gave more than a good look at them, before the Relativistic theory popped up for the second time (the original being the theory of Boscovich).
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
"I cannot conceive curved lines of force without the conditions of a physical existence in that intermediate space."
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
"...we cannot help thinking that in every place where we find these lines of force, some physical state or action must exist in sufficient energy to produce the actual phenomena."
(Vacuum has friction after all) Phys. Rev. A 82, 063827 (2010) [10 pages] Thermal and vacuum friction acting on rotating particles)
This Paradigm is in line with James Clerk Maxwell's concept that the universe is existing in a dynamic medium that has many properties very much like those found in fluids
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Ed Gerjuoy, "Recollections of Oppenheimer and Schwinger"by ITAMPhysics607 views
I'm sorry about this irrelevant comment but the old guy looks like an old version of Jamie from Mythbusters
MoltoEpicness 1 year ago