This video gives the mathematical principles and the main components of a Lock-in amplifier.
A lock-in amplifier is basically a device for the measurement of the amplitude and phase of ac signals in the presence of noise.
The heart of the lock-in amplifier is the synchronous or phase-sensitive detector, PSD, which is also known as a demodulator or multiplier. PSD operates by multiplying two signals (input and reference signals) together to yield the demodulated output signal.
The detector output signal is fed through a low pass filter, filtering out the noise and passes only the DC component of the signal that reaches to meter
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