Integrated circuit: Structure

In integrated circuits the process of forming active elements (transistors, diodes), passive elements (resistors, capacitors) and connection elements takes place on the surface or in the inside of the semiconductor crystal, or on the surface of the insulating base in a single technological cycle. The minimum number of in-circuit connections makes it possible to improve dramatically the reliability of microelectronic devices. The second task is to reduce the cost of microelectronic circuits and electronic devices. This problem is solved by forming during a single technological cycle structures of different elements, inter-element compounds and pads for many integrated circuits on a relatively large semiconductor wafer, or on an insulating base with the subsequent division into crystals and boards of integrated circuits, respectively. By structural and technological criterion semiconductor and hybrid integrated circuits are distinguished. The main active elements of semiconductor integrated circuits can be bipolar transistors or FETs. Variants of structures of semiconductor integrated circuits with different passive components implementation are presented in the following figure. Individual elements, necessary for operation of the circuit, are connected by means of thin metal strips, spread onto the oxidized surface of the crystal. The figure also shows the equivalent circuit of these structures. The structure of hybrid integrated circuit may include transistors and diodes, as well as entire semiconductor integrated circuits. Passive elements of hybrid integrated circuits are usually made on a glassceramic, ceramic or glass substrate by applying different dielectric, resistive and metal films. On the same substrate the inter-element and inter-component connections, as well as pads, are implemented. For the very same equivalent circuit the structure of the hybrid chip will look like this. Design and manufacture of hybrid circuits is advisable for solving specific, particular problems with a relatively small number of required products.

Category:

Science & Technology

[redneck10ivan]

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[banjax66]

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