Egypt Revolution - Battle Over The Nile معركة قصر النيل [Exclusive]

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Hosni Mubarak is Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali in the early 19th century and one of the longest-serving leaders in the Arab world.

President Mubarak has pursued economic, but not political reform
He faced the first major challenge to his authority in January 2011 when demonstrators across the country called for him to step down, defying a curfew and riot squads. The unrest came only days after the president of Tunisia fled a popular uprising.
As the the protests grew Mr Mubarak responded by going on national television and promising not to stay in power beyond his current term, which ends in September 2011.
Mr Mubarak gained a fifth consecutive term in presidential elections in September 2005, when he was aged 77. The poll was the first under a new system which allows multiple candidates to stand. In previous elections Egyptians voted yes or no for a single candidate appointed by parliament.
However, the only opposition organisation which has broad public support, the Muslim Brotherhood, is banned from open political activity and could not field a candidate.
Mr Mubarak succeeded Anwar Sadat, who was assassinated in 1981. He is seen as Egyptian politics' great survivor, having escaped no fewer than six assassination attempts.
The president is an economic liberal and his government has promised economic reforms. But Egypt remains plagued by high unemployment and low standards of living.
Mr Mubarak has pursued friendly relations with the West, breaking the isolation imposed on Egypt by Arab countries opposed to peace with Israel.

Gamal Mubarak was widely tipped to be the next president
As a military man he modernised the air force after Egypt's defeat in the six-day war with Israel in 1967. He helped to plan the 1973 Yom Kippur War - an Egyptian-Syrian attack on Israeli forces on the Suez Canal and in the Golan Heights.
The succession has been hotly debated. Reports that Mr Mubarak's younger son Gamal was being groomed for office have angered the opposition and have been denied by the president.
In March 2010, Mr Mubarak underwent gall-bladder surgery in Germany, renewing speculation over whether he will run for re-election in 2011.
Since 1952, when army officers led by Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew the monarchy, Egyptian leaders have been drawn from the military.
Hosni Mubarak was born in 1928. He and his wife Suzanne, who is part Welsh and part Egyptian, have two sons, Ala and Gamal.
Vice-president: Omar Suleiman
Omar Suleiman was appointed as vice president in January 2011 amid a popular uprising against the government and given the task of opening talks with the opposition.

Omar Suleiman addresses the nation after his appointment
The post is the one that President Mubarak occupied before he was promoted to the presidency, but which he kept vacant until 2011.
Mr Suleiman has been intelligence chief since 1993 and has played a prominent public role in diplomacy - including in Egypt's relations with Israel and key aid donor the United States.
As head of intelligence he was said to be the mastermind behind the fragmentation of Islamist groups which led the uprising against the state in the 1990s. He is described as a long-term confidant of Mr Mubarak.

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