[Recorded: April 2008]
Charles Babbage (1791-1871), computer pioneer, designed the first automatic computing engines. He invented computers but failed to build them. The first complete Babbage Engi...
[Recorded: April 2008] Charles Babbage (1791-1871), computer pioneer, designed the first automatic computing engines. He invented computers but failed to build them. The first complete Babbage Engine was completed in London in 2002, 153 years after it was designed. Difference Engine No. 2, built faithfully to the original drawings, consists of 8,000 parts, weighs five tons, and measures 11 feet long.
OVERVIEW - In London, during the summer of 1821, Charles Babbage, inventor and mathematician, is poring over a set of astronomical tables calculated by hand. Finding error after error he finally exclaims 'I wish to God these calculations had been executed by steam'. His appeal to machinery, in one of the most resonant utterances of the 19th century, was the start of a new era of automatic computation. It was not only the grindingly tedious labor of verifying a sea of figures that exasperated Babbage, but their daunting unreliability. Engineering, astronomy, construction, finance, banking and insurance depended on printed tables for calculation. Ships navigating by the stars relied on printed tables to find their position at sea. The stakes were high. Capital and life were thought to be at risk. Babbage embarked on an ambitious venture to design and build mechanical calculating engines to eliminate the risk of human error in the production of printed tables. The 'unerring certainty of machinery' would solve the problem of human fallibility. His work on the engines led him from mechanized arithmetic to the entirely new realm of automatic computation. Tabular errors provided a practical stimulus. But this was not his only motive. He also saw his engines as a new technology of mathematics. Babbage himself failed to build a complete calculating engine and his designs remained an historical curiosity for over 150 years.
Finally, in 2002, the first full-size Babbage Engine (Difference Engine No. 2), built faithfully to the original designs, was completed at the Science Museum in London, the culmination of a seventeen year project. The Engine consists of 8,000 parts, weighs 5 tons and measures eleven feet long and seven feet high. It works as Babbage intended, and brings to a close an anguished chapter in the prehistory of computing.
A MODERN SEQUEL - A duplicate engine is on display and demonstrated at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California till May 2009. It is a sumptuous piece of engineering sculpture and an arresting sight in operation. This video is from that exhibit. Learn more about Charles Babbage, Difference Engine #2 and the exhibit by visiting: WWW.COMPUTERHISTORY.ORG/BABBAGE
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Also came here as a result of the 11.10.09 NPR story. One of the most amazing stories I've ever heard about relatively unknown genius. I had read about Babbage before, but never specifically about this device. Considering the lack of precedence at the time and the practical difficulties involved, his conception and design was an incredibly brave intellectual quest.
Just heard the National Public Radio piece on this. Lovely to see it working. An inspiration to every genius ahead of his time. Also to every crackpot, of course.
Similar, perhaps, but more general purpose than either, as the Difference Engine could have been used to perform the fundamental calculations of either of the others, and many more besides. The display on the special-purpose machines would be much more easily readable, of course.
Actually, if you watch the talk on the machine, they explain that, in fact, it COULD have been built at the time. Great care was taken to reproduce the tolerances and materials that would have been used had the machine actually been built.
I live near CHM and I visited there to watch the demo of the Difference Engine this spring. The way the disks and rods moves all together was stunningly beautiful and I felt like I could keep watching it forever.
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