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HLA GENES IN MACEDONIANS AND THE SUB-SAHARAN ORIGINS OF THE GREEKS.HLA alleles have been determined in individuals from The Republic Of Macedonia by DNA typing and sequencing (HLA-A, -B, -DR, -DQ).The following conclusions have been reached:1) Macedonians belong to the OLDER Mediterranean substratum, like Iberians (including Basques), Italians, French and Jews.2) Macedonians are NOT related with the geographically close Greeks, who DO NOT belong to the older Mediterranean substratum.3) Greeks are found to have a substantial relatedness to sub-Saharan (Ethiopian) people, which SEPARATE them from other Mediterranean groups.Results have shown that Macedonians are related to other Mediterraneans and DO NOT show a close relationship with Greeks, however they do with Cretans. This supports the theory that Macedonians are one of the MOST ANCIENT peoples existing in the Balkan Peninsula, probably long before arrival of the Greeks, about 2000BC.Much to our surprise, the reason why Greeks did NOT show a close relatedness with all other Mediterraneans, was their genetic relationship with sub-Saharan ethnic groups now residing in Ethiopia, Sudan and West Africa (Burkina-Fasso).The reason why Greeks and other sub-Saharan ethnic groups DID not populate Crete was due mostly to the Minoan Empire which hindered foreigners establishment.By A. Arnaiz-Villena (Department of Immunology And Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain)To learn more please visit:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11260506