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Examples of fallacies. Learn them, so to avoid them.
1) Argumentum ad hominem:
The fallacy of attacking a person, as opposed to the view of the person, in an attempt to discredit the view of the person.
I believe that the War in Iraq, overall, was better than the alternative of genocide and jingoism. Well why aren't you offering to fight in Iraq then? Or, Bush's policy abroad is wrong because's he's an idiot.
2) Inverse ad hominem:
The fallacy that a view or policy should be followed because the person who said it has admirable characteristics.
Obama is so charismatic, intelligent, likeable, and well-educated, so I'm going to vote for him.
3) Argument from Authority:
The fallacy that a view is right because a person, who is an 'expert' says it is.
Evolution is a fact because Richard Dawkins, the greatest evolutionary biologist today, believes it is. Keynesianism is the correct economic strategy, after all, Stiglitz and Krugman, two nobel laureates, support it.
4) Tu quoque (a particular type of ad hominem):
This fallacy is based on the implicit attempt to justify a position which is bad by showing that the party who criticies it also engages in it.
How can you be against Iran getting Nuclear weapons? it was the US who used them against Japan. You shouldn't have called him a cracker, but he called me a black bastard! Chomsky is wrong about capitalism because he enjoys all the fruits of it.
5) Ad populum:
The fallacy that a view is correct because many people believe it:
I think the drug prohibition has done more harm than good. Well most people would disagree with you.
6) Ad consequentiam:
A fallacy that tries to debunk the veracity of a view by arguing that the effects or implications would be bad.
A significant proportion of criminals have biological defects, like sexual offenders and psychopaths, who come from all strata of society, regardless of social or economic conditions. So what do you suggest?? so should we just kill these people, lock them up, or simply sterilize them?? Or. Islam has many tenets that conflicts with Western democratic principles, treatment of gays, jews, apostates, athiests etc and conflicts with the legality principle, human rights, and fundamental rights like freedom of expression. The prophet when 53 had sex with a 9 year old girl, his wife Aisha. You are wrong, you have offended a billion muslims!
7) The Fallacy of Composition:
The fallacy that something that applies to some smaller aspect of something is representative of the thing overall.
Well if an individual increases the amount of money he has, he will be twice better off. So if a government does the same, its people will be twice better off. Or, the schools in France are horrible, I attended one and the conditions were dreadful. English people are such idiots, remember John Magoo, the english exchange student?
'Facts are stubborn things, and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence' - John Adams
'If you're not a liberal at twenty you have no heart, if you're not a conservative at forty you have no brain.' - Winston Churchill
'Beware the people who moralize about great issues; moralizing is easier than facing hard facts' - John Corry
Country:
Ireland
Schools:
LLB in Law, History and French.
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CAPITALISM creates ELITE CRIMINALS. BANKERS. DRUG LORDS. INEQUALITY. INSECURITY. GREED. RUTHLESS COMMUNISM. NWO. NAZI. TERRORISM. LAZY PEOPLE. REBEL POLITICIAN. ANARCHY. worst is WAR etc.. etc..
CAPITALISM was designed only for CORRUPT OPPORTUNISTIC MANIPULATIVE LAZY POLITICIAN. BANKERS. LAWYERS. DRUG LORDS. JUDGES. CRIMINALS. DICTATORS. RULERS. KING. SULTANATE. EMPEROR etc. etc..
HARD WORKING PEACE LOVING HAPPY HONEST SOCIETY were always the slave victim and poorly starve to death. :(
I like the QUOTE section !
Brgds
GSO