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Tahtib and Raqs Assaya
Tahtib is a men's martial art characterized by stylized combat movements and the use of a long fighting staff. Tahtib originates in As-Said (Upper Egypt).
Raqs assaya means stick dance or cane dance. The practice of dancing with a stick or cane is widespread in the Middle East, but the term raqs assaya usually refers to the Egyptian dance from As-Said (Upper Egypt). Unlike tahtib, raqs assaya is lighthearted and joyful, and strictly for fun and entertainment. Both men and women perform theatrical versions of the dance. Men's versions of raqs assaya often bear stylistic references to tahtib.
Banat Mazin Ghawazee
The ghawazee (singular, ghaziyeh) are a class of female dancers from Egypt. The ghawazee generally come from families of entertainers, wherein the women dance and the men provide musical accompaniment. Many ghawazee are ethnically distinct from the majority population around them, and some self-identify as "gypsies" (or dom). The ghawazee are often hired to provide entertainment at village celebrations such as mawalid (singular, moulid).
The Banat Mazin ("daughters of Mazin") are a well-known group of ghawazee from Luxor. Their dance is hip-focused, with minimal footwork and extensive use of sagat (finger cymbals). Their traditional costume includes a fringed skirt, an underbust vest, and a crown, which they refer to as a taj. This traditional costuming style is nicely illustrated in the first clip. In recent years, the Banat Mazin have shifted to wearing a fringed galabeya.
The final clip includes some art and historical photographs derived from the 1889 World's Fair in Paris (and I believe some from the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago). Look at the costuming of the dancers (starting around 4:10) and note the remarkable similarity with the traditional costume of the Banat Mazin. This certainly suggests that the Banat Mazin and other ghawazee represent an indigenous Egyptian dance form with tremendous longevity.
Male Dance in the Middle East
These clips illustrate examples of a variety of male dance styles from throughout the Middle East (primarily the Arab Middle East). Some of the clips feature non-professional dancers enjoying dance in a social setting, while others feature professional dancers.
1. Palestinian debke (non-professionals);
2. Palestinian debke (professionals);
3. Persian Gulf dance;
4. Yolah from United Arab Emirates;
5. Tanoura from Egypt;
6. Dance from the Suez Canal region of Egypt;
7. Sa'idi dance from southern Egypt;
8. Nubian dance, also from southern Egypt;
9. Raqs beledi (informal, social belly dance) at a wedding reception (non-professionals);
10. Raqs sharqi (formal, theatrical belly dance) by Egyptian dancer Tito (professional);
Tito is noteworthy as an example of a male professional belly dancer in Egypt. While male professional belly dancers are increasingly common in the West, they remain a rarity in the Arab world. The majority of male professional dancers in the Arab world perform other folkloric dance styles; Tito is a rare exception. Note, however, that it is extremely common for men to belly dance socially, particularly in Egypt.
Raqs Beledi
Raqs beledi, or beledi-style dance, is the solo, improvisational, torso-focused dance performed casually by men and women throughout the Arab world but most commonly associated with Egypt. Raqs beledi formed the basis for the development of its theatrical counterpart - raqs sharqi - around the beginning of the twentieth century.
Note that "raqs beledi" can also be used as a general term meaning "folk dance" - cf. "raqs sha'abi."
National Folkloric Dance Troupes of Egypt
Furqa Reda and Al Furqa Al Qawmiyya Lil Funun Ash-Sha'abiya are the two famous national folkloric dance troupes of Egypt. Both troupes performed stylized, theatrical versions of traditional Egyptian folk dances (vs. "pure" folk dance) as well as dance tableaux depicting Egyptian people and their traditions. The stylistic influence of these troupes is evident in both contemporary raqs sharqi and current theatrical representations of Egyptian folk dance.
Debke
Debke is a social dance performed in a line and characterized by its energetic style and rhythmic stomps. Debke originates in the Levant, the region encompassing modern-day Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, and Syria. Debke steps and style vary a great deal from culture to culture within this region.
Nubian Dance
The Nubians are a linguistically and culturally diverse population hailing from southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The folkloric dance style of the Kunuz Nubians, the Nubian people of southern Egypt, is distinct from that of their Arab neighbors in the region. Nubian music and dance has been greatly influenced by the music and dance traditions of both sub-Saharan Africa and the Persian Gulf.
Khaleegy Women's Dance
The Arabic word khaleegy means from the Gulf. There are many dance styles originating in the Persian Gulf, but most Westerners use khaleegy to refer to a women's dance style characterized by a shuffling gait, subtle shoulder shimmies, head slides, and vigorous tossing of the hair. The style of this dance varies a great deal from culture to culture within the Gulf.
Modern Egyptian Style Belly Dance
These are some dancers who are representative of Modern Egyptian Style Belly Dance. This style of Egyptian belly dance is characterized by tiny, intricate movements and accents of the torso and pelvis as well as dynamic turns and transitions.
This style is strongly influenced by the theatrical folkloric styles of the Egyptian national dance troupes (Reda Troupe and Furqa Qawmiyya). Time period approximately 1990s through the present.
Transition to Modern Egyptian Style Belly Dance
These are some dancers whose style is representative of the transition from the Golden Age style of dancers such as Fifi Abdo and Sohair Zaki to the Modern Egyptian style of dancers such as Dina and Randa Kamel.
Golden Age of Egyptian Belly Dance
These are some dancers who are representative of the Golden Age of Egyptian Belly Dance. Egyptian belly dance of this period is characterized by more isolation of movements in the torso and less emphasis on footwork than among previous dancers (i.e. somewhat more beledi-style dancing). Time period approximately 1960s through 1980s.
Golden Age of Egyptian Cinema
These are some dancers who are representative of the Golden Age of Egyptian Cinema. Egyptian belly dance of this period is characterized by loose, fluid torso movements and floating, graceful traveling movements. There is less isolation of movements in the torso and greater emphasis on footwork. Time period approximately 1930s through 1950s.
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