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Yongle reign (1403-1424)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M ing_Dynasty_military_conquests
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J iaozhi

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Ming conquered Dai Viet, they learned firearms technology from Dai Viet. While China is acknowleged for actually inventing gun powder, the research also acknowledges Dai Viet's innovation with gun technology.

http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/docs /wps/wps04_031.pdf

According to Ming Shi Lu says:

"When it came to {the time of} Ming Chengzu, Jiaozhi {Dai Viet} was pacified, the techniques of magic gun and cannon (shenji qiangpao fa) were obtained, a Firearms Battalion (shenji ying) was especially established to drill {firearms}."

In fact, it appears that the Chinese copied from Vietnam specific techniques, principally in handgun and fire-lance design. Heavy ironwood wadding behind the arrow of the fire-lance increased the pressure and thus the range; and this was adopted into Chinese handgun design. Vietnamese firearms generally were based on Chinese models and there is, in particular, no indication that Vietnamese cannon were heavier than or otherwise superior to Chinese types.

Fire-lances -

Fire-lances improved by the adoption of Dai Viet technology (hardwood wadding) were in Ming Chinese use by 1407. They shot up to 300 paces, and so might be classed the same as handguns rather than as Ps (X). But if Dai Viet was using the improved fire-lances soon after 1400, that suggests that more basic versions must have been in use for some time before that. Since I have not seen them mentioned in the context of the Yuan-Mongol campaigns in Vietnam,

http://tabulaenovaeexercituum. pbwiki.com/Medieval+Vietnamese
http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/docs /wps/wps03_011.pdf

Vietnamese artillery imported into China with instructors in 1410 was considered superior to Chinese."

"Dai Viet troops used handguns in a sea-battle in 1390, and obtained more firearms in the 15th century, particularly after a victory over the Ming in 1426. Chinese reports of the superiority of Vietnamese guns refer to details of handgun and fire-lance construction, not artillery
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Vietnamese rebuild bejing forbidden city
Nguyen An was born in Vietnam(a province of China at that time). He was sent into Ming's palace as a tribute when he was a boy, who then served as an eunuch.
He was trained into an architect and contributed quite much to the building of the Forbidden Palace,

http://www.chinaculturemall.co m/crafts/article.aspx?id=3769
http://east-asian-history.suit e101.com/article.cfm/nguyen_an

The Cambridge History of CHINA

Volume 7 -- The Ming Dynasty (1368 -1644)

The new capital and its administration

Page 237
http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/docs /wps/wps03_011.pdf




Sources:
Wang Ao, Zhenze jiwen (Notes of Wang Ao), in Shen Yunlong, ed., Ming Qing shiliao huibian, series one, book 3 (Taibei: Wenhai Chubanshe, 1967), vol. 1 15a.

Ming shilu leizuan-junshi shiliao juan (Categorical compilation of the Ming shilu -- the volume of historical sources on military affairs) (Wuhan: Wuhan Chubanshe, 1993), pp. 88-186; Wada Sei, trans. by Pan Shixian, Ming dai Menggu shi lun ji (Collection of essays on the history of the Mongols during the Ming dynasty) (Beijing: Shangwu Yinshuguan, 1984), vol. 1, pp. 66, 68.

Ming shilu, "Xianzong," vol. 168, quoted in Zhang, "Mingdai Jiaozhi ren zai," p. 57.

Qiu Jun, Daxua yanyi bu (Supplements to the Daxue yanyi) (Reprint, 1971), vol 122, pp. 11b-12a; Yan, Shuyu, 183, 243; Hui LU, Ping pi baijin fang (The washerman's precious salve) (Reprint, c. 1844), vol. 4, p. 32b; Zhang Xiumin, "Mingdai Jiaozhi ren zai Zhongguo zhi gongxian" (Contributions by the Vietnamese people in China during the Ming dynasty), in Zhang Xiumin, Zhong Yue guanxi shi lunwenji (Collection of articles on Sino-Vietnamese relations) (Taibei; Wenshizhe Chubanshe, 1992), pp. 55-57.

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