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mineguy101

"Understanding the Earth"

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Tuzo Wilson - Voice of Time 7,284

by mineguy101 3 years ago

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04 - Plate Tectonics Series made in 1976 - Understanding the Earth by TV Ontario The series host was Dr. David Pearson a renowned English trained, Canadian geologist residing in Sudbury, Ontario. Dr. David Pearson lectured at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. This series was part of a extension course at Laurentian, i believe from 1976 to 1986. Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 1 of 8 •Continental shift ole ideas -- like ships moving on a oceans •6 major plates divided into series of plates -- comprised both in land and ocean •Plates slide underneath, beside and overtop one another •Andes of South America -- Multiple ranges of north America -- Mountains of the western pacific and Indonesia -- Great Himalayan belt from Asia to western Europe. •Early recognition of the plates -- seismology was used to define narrow belts of earthquake activity. •Earthquake activity followed the boundaries of the plate •Animation of a world map, illustrating the earthquake centers caught by seismological equipment •Also discovered all the active volcanoes were discovered along these earthquake centers •Development of sonar (after WWII) they could now map the ocean floor •What they found is huge mountain ranges, and series of very deep trenches. • Early 60's they discovered the mid atlantic floor they were actually spreading -- sea floor spreading •Thoughts -- if sea floor is spreading?..then there must be some place where the result of the spreading is ending up?... Mountain belts. Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 2 of 8 •Early 70's plate tectonics -- enigma of mountains discovered with the theory of plate tectonics •Animation illustrating the slabs of individual plates from around the world. •Crust 60 miles thick •Isostatic rebound from the last ice age. • Hudson Bay is distingusished from this process by a indisntct shoreline and raised beach's •Plate name -- Euarasian Indo-Australian, African, American , Antarctic, Nazca, Pacific Plates. • Rock Types - Basalt at the tops of the spreading boundaries, upper layer of the plate, Perioditite (magnesium rich) lower layer of the plate. •Underwater eruption -- lava come into contact with the cold water forms pillow like shapes "Pillow lava" •Footage showing underwater eruptions. •Iceland -- entirely created from the spreading ridge of an active zone. •Iceland Geothermal uses • Mid-Atlantic oceanic ridge follows the shorelines of both Africa and South America. 200 million years to open to its current width. •Red Sea clearly shows also how Africa and Arabia fitted together/. •East Africa -- Great Rift Valley, early separation of this process like the Red Sea separation. The entire Rift Valley has volcanism. •Transform fault -- no mountains and no volcanoes but earthquakes are produced. It's the result of plates sliding past one another. These intense earthquakes occur mostly in the deep ocean basins. But sometimes they come on the continent -- San Andres Fault one example 700 miles long. •Animation showing the transform fault movement. •San Francisco earthquake lies along the San Andreas fault. •Footage of the 1906 earthquake •Entire city was destroyed Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 3 of 8 •Scientists in the early 70's predicted another San Fran earthquake •Two oceanic plates converge the point of contact is a deep trench •Animation illustration two oceanic plates converging •Molten rock produced from two oceanic plates is granitic •Island Arcs produced -- Japan •"Ring of Fire" •These are violent volcanoes •Earthquake fFootage of the Andes mountain system •Andes mountain is the oceanic plate heads underneath the continental margin of South America. No Island arcs. Volcanic mountain ranges. •Matchopeacho footage monument to a past civilization •Excellent example of converging plates. •Animation showing the formation of the Himalayas •Alps and Pyrenees formed the same way •Animation showing Pangaea and the formation of the present day continents Planet of Man Series -- Jigsaw Fit Host; Tuzo Wilson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 4 of 8 Andes mountain is the oceanic plate heads underneath the continental margin of South America. No Island arcs. Volcanic mountain ranges. •Matchopeacho footage monument to a past civilization •Excellent example of converging plates. Understanding the Earth - Plate tectonics Host; Dr David Pearson Plate Tectonics - Lesson 4 - Part 5 of 8 •Theory of Plate Tectonics •North American geologists skeptical of the theory of the idea of continents moving •Geologists of Europe were less skeptical PART 6, 7 & 8 DESCRIPTION ARE ON THE YOUTUBE VIDEO.. THERE WASN'T ENOUGH ROOM FOR DESCRIPTION.      Play all 8 videos Play all(8)
11 - Mountain Building NEW!!! Lesson 11 -- Mountain Building Processes and formation of mountain building. Also, a case study of Appalachians mountains Processes and formation of mountain building. Also, a case study of Appalachians mountains Part 1 Planet of Man -- Mountain Heritage 11-Part1 John McGlynn Geological Survey of Canada •Generalized formation of the Appalachians. •Pangea plate tectonic movement -- illustrated movement of the land masses •Newfoundland land mass was once an ancient sea floor Part 2 Planet of Man -- Mountain Heritage 11-Part2 John McGlynn Geological Survey of Canada •Formation and processes of Newfoundland land mass was once an ancient sea floor. •Proof showing of Newfoundland's volcanic past. •Volcanic vent in Newfoundland •Pillow lava additional evidence of vulcanism. •Trilobites Part 3 Planet of Man -- Mountain Heritage 11-Part3 John McGlynn Geological Survey of Canada •Appalachian ancient continental margins; evidence showing collision of continental margins •Soapstone carving on the side of a mountain possible ancient man or mechanical weathering? •Mountain building creep slowly less than 100' per year •Perspective of geological time and distance Part 4 Planet of Man -- Mountain Heritage 11-Part4 John McGlynn Geological Survey of Canada •Sea floor and a sandwich analogy •Drilling through mantle rock -- too deep had to be abandoned •Mediterranean ocean is closing, the pacific is closing Mountain Building -- Detail at the boundaries of lithosphere plates (30minutes) Host; Dr. David Pearson. Part 5 Mountain building 11-Part5 •Mountains -- Ural, Rocky, Andes •Features; kind of rocks -- limestone, folds, crossbreeding, •Rocky mountains - thrust limestone •Further west -- Selkirk; volcanic composition •Detail explanation of the geological cross-section between Calgary to Vancouver using a clay model. •Unfolding the Canadian rockies; 3 mountain belts. •Deposition of the rockies Part 6 Mountain building 11-Part6 •Continental shelf in eastern North America ie. New York •20,000feet of sediment on the continental shelf •Accumulation of sediments 1st stage •Breaking of plates (oceanic lithosphere) •Island arcs colliding with continental margin. •Squeezebox experiment •Examples of collision mountain belts; Africa, India Part 7 Mountain building 11-Part7 •Mountain belt -- compression of ocean plate and molten material -- thermal belt Andes mountains •Squeezebox example. •Ancient mountain belts of Pangea •Northern Appalachians -- Nova Scotia, Newfoundland •Geological jigsaw puzzle of the maritimes.      Play all 7 videos Play all(7)
08 - Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks - Geological Interpretation Host; Dr. David Pearson. Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 8 -- 1 of 6 •Heat,pressure and fluids processes •Metamorphic types; Gniess, Schists, Slate, Serpentine, Garnets •Basalt Meta equiv. Amphibolite •Limestone Meta equiv. Marble •Sandstone Meta equiv. Quartzite •Contact metamorphism •Contraction cracks, new minerals formed Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 8 -- 2 of 6 •Pyroxene in limestone •Succession of minerals dependent upon temperature, ie. High heat; pyroxene, Lower heat Olivine •Metamorphic aureole •Ore concentrations in metamorphic rocks •Clarabelle Mill, Sudbury ON; Staurolite mineral outcrop •Regional Metamorphism ie. Sudbury basin Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 8 -- 3 of 6 •Schist •Foliation - orientation of mica minerals in schists "Schistosity" •Growth of minerals in liquids •Experiment showing; growth of minerals in solid rock •Series of rocks (heat and pressure); Shale---- Slate---- Phyllite---- Schist---- Gneiss---- Granite. Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 8 -- 4 of 6 •Series of metamorphic rocks from Shale to granite (Shale---- Slate---- Phyllite---- Schist---- Gneiss---- Granite. •Identification •Phyllite •Schist •Gneiss •Experiment showing; the plasticity of metamorphic rocks (marble) using hydraulic press •Experiment showing; importance of time using silicon putty. Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 8 -- 5 of 6 •Plasticity of rock continued.. •Experiment showing; simulated 20km pressure chamber and heating jacket •Dislocation of minerals in metamorphic rocks •Granite- Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 8 -- 6 of 6 •Classification of metamorphic rocks •Dynamic (Regional) (Shale, Slate, Phyllite, Schist, Gneiss, Granite) •Geothermal (Regional) rocks; Sandstone, Quartzite, Limestone, Marble, Garnets, Amphibolite •Contact (Marble, Quartzite) •Hydrothermal rock types; Perioditite, Serpentinite, Soapstone •Hydrothermal (Dynamic) Mylonite •Location in Canada of metamorphic rocks •Geological provinces in the Canadian Shield.      Play all 6 videos Play all(6)
05 - Volcanoes Series made in 1976 - Understanding the Earth First part of the hour long show was the segment called Planet of Man series hosted by world renowned Canadian Geophysicist Tuzo Wilson. The series host was Dr. David Pearson English trained, Canadian geologist residing in Sudbury, Ontario. Dr. David Pearson lectured at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. This Canadian Series was made in 1976 - Understanding the Earth by TV Ontario. This series was part of a extension course at Laurentian, i believe from 1976 to 1986. The entire series was 22 episodes. This series illustrated manual demonstrations in geological process. http://sciencenorth.on.ca/heri<wbr>tagefair/hlm/1986pearson.html Fundamentals of volcanoes Planet of Man Series -- Fire Within Starring; Tuzo Wilson Canadian geophysicist Planet of Man Series -- Fire Within Lesson 5 -- Part 1 of 7 •Illustration showing a crossection of Europe with respect to plates •Occur at plates are colliding and pulling apart •Vulcan the roman god of fire and earthquakes •Mt Fugi Fire festival in japan "to soothe the restless God" •Illustration showing distribution of volcanoes along the plates •Two plates separate , two plates converge •Roman statesman Pliny the Younger witnessed the eruption of Vesuvius on August 24th, 79 AD •Mt Vesuvius movie footage from a movie of last century 'Kiberia??? accounting the story of the eruption as told by Pliny The Younger Planet of Man Series -- Fire Within Lesson 5 -- Part 2 of 7 •Continued - Mt Vesuvius movie footage from a movie of last century 'Kiberia??? accounting the story of the eruption as told by Pliny The Younger •Cone shaped volcanoes (Vesuvius) are made from converging plates and are characterized by lavas of granitic composition •Violent eruptive in nature, found in mountain belts and island arc areas and the notorious "Ring of Fire" that surrounds the Pacific •2nd type of volcano -- basaltic composition are made from plates pulling apart. •1973 footage of Iceland eruption In 6 days 1/5 the time was lost to the eruption. •Fissure type eruption; Less volatile but some volatility is experienced, lava may spread out over hundreds of square miles of basaltic rock. •Lava leaving fissures underwater •Fresh pillow lava forming underwater •Pillow lavas found on every continent •Columnar basalt •Past evidence of old volcanoes •Ancient pillow lava in NWT • Planet of Man Series -- Fire Within Lesson 5 -- Part 3 of 7 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v<wbr>=qIrFUkLQw3w •Pillow lava in NWT deposited from a long distinct lake •Breccia and ash •Badlands of the petrified forest •Dyke and Sill formation •Dyke in NWT •Ancient Basalt eruption on Baffin Island •Bingham Canyon Mine, Utah •3rd type of volcano occurs in the middle of plates "Hot Spots" •Rock composition similar to spreading ridge volcanoes; not violent or explosive •Illustration/ animation of hot spot formation •Hot springs, geysers •Geothermal energy New Zealand Wairakei plant http://www.nzgeothermal.org.nz<wbr>/geothermal_energy/nz_geotherm<wbr>al_fields.asp Planet of Man Series -- Fire Within Lesson 5 -- Part 4 of 7 •Geothermal energy New Zealand Wairakei plant http://www.nzgeothermal.org.nz<wbr>/geothermal_energy/nz_geotherm<wbr>al_fields.asp Volcanoes -- Interpretation and Fundamentals (30minutes) Host; Dr. David Pearson. Volcanoes - Lesson 5 -- part 5 of 7 •Illustration show main types of extrusive igneous rocks; Basalt, andesite, & rhyolite •5 types in volcano locations along plates •Basalt -- fluid ; Aa and Pahoehoe •Temperature and silica •Basalt erupted at mid-ocean ridges form pillow lava •Pillow lava of NWT footage •Dr Ridler talking about Pillow lava in NWT •Cross-section of pillow lava •Giants Causeway quick cooling of basalt; six sided structure Volcanoes - Lesson 5 -- Part 6 of 7 •Gases dissolved in magma ; gas important to contribution to the early atmosphere and the oceans •Explosive release of gas causes the violence; rocks associated with violent volcanoes; pyroclastic rock , volcanic bombs, Volcanic ash, pumice •NWT shows ancient Precambrian rock, ancient tuff •Cross-section shows why dykes are related to the composition in the rocks •Violence of eruption; very explosive, less explosive •Very explosive -- Composite cone (mt fugi) release of gas, •Caldera -- release an enormous amount of gas •Krakatoa is a Caldera •B&W footage showing Krakatoa mini exposion •Dark material fragmented pumice and ash, steam shown from the heating of the sea water. •Crater lake in Oregon small caldera, •Kilauea another Calera very active volcanic area\ •Footage showing seismology on Kilauea, movement of the magma Volcanoes - Lesson 5 -- Part 7 of 7 •Footage showing seismology on Kilauea, movement of the magma •Harmonic tremor •Volcano swelling on Kilauea -- inflation and deflation •Field observations of fixed points on the volcanoes •Actual observations with a eruption •5 types of volcano formation both on surface and underwater.      Play all 7 videos Play all(7)
02 Minerals Series made in 1976 - Understanding the Earth. This series of episodes are dedicated towards minerals. 1976 - Understanding the Earth. This series of episodes are dedicated towards minerals. It gives a great introduction to minerals and crystal structure. Lesson 2 -- Minerals Planet of Man Series -- Animal, Vegetable, Mineral (30minutes) Host; Tuzo Wilson Minerals - Lesson 2 - Part 1 of 6 Planet of Man -- Animal, Vegatable Mineral •Crystal structure and composition •Minerals fundamentals of rocks •What is a mineral? •Gemologist looking at a diamond •Value of minerals/gems established by man •Some minerals are collectors only •Amethyst •Salt -- Sodium Chloride •Nahanni -- Headless valley Travertine 15m high formed over 10,000 years of a bubbling spring •Cleavage Minerals - Lesson 2 - Part 2 of 6 Planet of Man -- Animal, Vegatable Mineral •Crystal and crystalline differntiation •Structure of the crystal -- unit cell •Crystal of halite -- salt •Six crystal systems -- Isometric - pyrite, Tetragonal - Wulfenite, Orthorhombic Hexagonal -- Beryl, Monoclinic -- Gypsum, Triclinic -- Axinite •Massive quartz -- not external crystal form •Making minerals in the laboratory Minerals - Lesson 2 - Part 3 of 6 Planet of Man -- Animal, Vegatable Mineral •Prehistoric use of minerals •Bronze age •Iron age •Clay •Asbestos •Colour, habit and physical properties •Gem stones Minerals -- Chemistry, structure and other fundamentals (30minutes) Host; Dr. David Pearson. Minerals - Lesson 2 - Part 4 of 6 •2500 minerals •Sometimes minerals occur as crystals •Sometimes minerals occur as rocks •Sugar and how it pertains to atomic structure •Atomic structure ; ionic, covalent bonding demonstrated •Atomic structure chlorine and sodium -- salt Minerals - Lesson 2 - Part 5 of 6 •2500 minerals •Carbon crystals -- polymorphic •Atomic illusion thin layers of graphite •Semi-metallic bonding •Face center cubic -- graphite •Illustration of metallic bond •Minerals are helds together with one of three bonds; ionic, covalent, metallic •Breaking salt - cleavage planes •Another mineral with well defined cleavage is Mica Muscovite mica is shown •Atomic structure model of Mica •Interesting atomic models showing the cleavage planes of mica •Quartz irregular fracture •Atomic structure model of quartz - no cleavage planes •32 shapes of crystals •Different "shapes" or arrangement can be made with these 32 crystal shapes Minerals - Lesson 2 - Part 6 of 6 •32 shapes of crystals •Different "shapes" or arrangement can be made with these 32 crystal shapes •6 Crystal systems •Cubic and Hexagonal illustrated •Axis •Quartz crystal shape -- 120degree sides •Measuring angles is important with a Goniometer •Preparation of a thin section •Using polarization •Interlocking of a igneous rock through a microscope      Play all 6 videos Play all(6)
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