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✡Israelite origin of the Pashtuns✡
The origin of the pashtun people began in the 7th century with a lost tribe of Israel called the Bani Israel that settled in Ghor, Afghanistan, and then migrated south and east to Ghazni and Kabul. The commonly held view by the Pashtuns is that when the twelve tribes of Israel were dispersed, the tribe of Joseph, among other Hebrew tribes, settled in the region. Hence the tribal name 'Yusef Zai' in Pashto translates to the 'sons of Joseph'. The name of Pathan was first seen in the 16th century. The etymology of Pathan is not of Arabic origin. One interpretation is that it means keel of a ship; Which leads one to consider whether it could be related to Hazreti Abraham having bestown the name to these people. Pathans are also called Afghans or Pishtus after their language. They identify themselves with their former name 'sons of Israel', even though nowadays they live as Muslims.

✡Archeological evidence✡
The Israelite origin of the pashtuns, or pathans, are documented in countless religious and secular texts from the 10th century to the present day, written by jewish, christian, and muslim scholars alike. The route taken by the Israelites from Media to Afghanistan and India were marked by a series of intermediate stations bearing the names of several of the tribes and districts, both in ancient Geography, and at the present day, clearly indicating the stages of their long and arduous journey. An ancient Jewish settlement close to Afghanistan's border with Iran was dug up along with a graveyard with tombs carved in Hebrew. Kabul also has an ancient synagogue long abandoned. In the 'Dar el amman' museum in Kabul there is a black stone found in Kandahar, on which is written in Hebrew. A number of inscriptions are engraved on rocks in ancient Hebrew script near the town of Netchaset.

✡Cultural link✡
The Pashtons call themselves Bani Israel, or the children of Israel, but consider the term Yahudi, or Jew, to be one of reproach. Pashton tribes have similar names such as Yusufzai, which means sons of Joseph, and Afridi, thought by some to come from Ephraim. Many customs and practices are said to be similar to Jewish traditions. For example sidelock, circumcision within eight days, a Talith (prayer shawl) and four fringes (Tsitsit), a Jewish wedding (Hupah and ring), using a canopy during a wedding ceremony, women's customs (immersion in a river or spring), levirate marriage (Yibum), honouring the father, forbidden foods (horse and camel food), refraining from cooking meat and milk, a tradition of clean and unclean poultry, the Shabbat (preparation of 12 Hallah loaves, refraining from work), lighting a candle in honour of the Shabbat, the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) prayer (some of them pray turned in the direction of Jerusalem), blood on the threshold and on the two Mezzuzot (in times of plague or trouble), a scapegoat, curing the ill with the help of the Book of Psalms (placing the Book under the patient's head), a Hebrew amulet (Kamia), Hebrew names (also. for neighbourhoods and villages), Holy Books (they especially honour 'the Law of Sharif' which is the Law of Moses), and rising when the name of Moshe is mentioned. Pathans put up paint markings shaped like five-branch menorahs called "nars" during celebrations such as a birth or wedding. And unlike the Star of David, which did not originate with the Jews, the menorah symbol had never belonged to another people. The code of Pashtunwali is also strikingly similar in content and subject matter to the Mosaic law and the Hindu Code Manu Smriti.

✡Morphological evidence✡
The British that were in Afghanistan for a long time, found it difficult to distinguish between the Pathans and the Jews, and called the Pathans 'Juz' - Jews. The Jews, too found it hard to distinguish between themselves and the Pathans when the latter are not wearing traditional dress. Afghanistan has about 21 ethnicities and languages and only the Pathans look clearly Semitic other than the jews themselves; their noses are large and since most of them grow beards and sidelocks like Jews, this also adds difficulty to an attempt to distinguish between them and the Jews.

✡Genetic link to Jews✡
In 2010 researchers from India collected blood samples from members of the Afridi tribe of Pashtuns who today live in Malihabad, near Lucknow, in northern India. Shahnaz Ali, from the National Institute of Immuno­haematology in Mumbai, spent several months studying her findings at Technion, the Israel Institute of Technology, in Haifa. Out of the 1,500 samples taken, 650 members possess genetic material similar to genetic material found in Jews.

✡Genetic link to Aryans✡
The theory of Pashtun descent from Scythians when subjected to DNA studies was proven to be unfounded. Mitochondrial DNA comparison between scytho-siberian skeletons from Altai republic and saka skeletons from Beral to pashtun DNA show that Pashtuns are not related to Scythians.

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