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Lecture 25 - Models in 3D Space (1869-1877); Optical Isomers
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Despite cautions from their conservative elders, young chemists like Paternó and van't Hoff began interpreting molecular graphs in terms of the arrangement of a molecule's ...
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Lecture 24 - Determining Chemical Structure by Isomer Counting (1869)
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Half a century before direct experimental observation became possible, most structures of organic molecules were assigned by inspired guessing based on plausibility. But Wi...
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Lecture 23 - Valence Theory and Constitutional Structure (1858)
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Youthful chemists Couper and Kekulé replaced radical and type theories with a new approach involving atomic valence and molecular structure, and based on the tetravalence a...
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Lecture 22 - Radical and Type Theories (1832-1850)
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Work by Wöhler and Liebig on benzaldehyde inspired a general theory of organic chemistry focusing on so-called radicals, collections of atoms which appeared to behave as el...
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Lecture 21 - Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler (1805-1832)
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The most prominent chemist in the generation following Lavoisier was Berzelius in Sweden. Together with Gay-Lussac in Paris and Davy in London, he discovered new elements, ...
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Lecture 20 - Rise of the Atomic Theory (1790-1805)
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This lecture traces the development of elemental analysis as a technique for the determination of the composition of organic compounds beginning with Lavoisier's early comb...
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chem125 19 101708
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Lecture 18 - Amide, Carboxylic Acid and Alkyl Lithium
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This lecture completes the first half of the semester by analyzing three functional groups in terms of the interaction of localized atomic or pairwise orbitals. Many key pr...
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Lecture 17 - Reaction Analogies and Carbonyl Reactivity
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Continuing the examination of molecular orbital theory as a predictor of chemical reactivity, this lecture focuses on the close analogy among seemingly disparate organic ch...
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Lecture 16 - Recognizing Functional Groups
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This lecture continues the discussion of the HOMO/LUMO view of chemical reactivity by focusing on ways of recognizing whether a particular HOMO should be unusually high in ...
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