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TheSpiritOfTruth favorited a video
(2 weeks ago)
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Idaho Operations Office
SL-1 The Accident: Phases I and II
A13886VNB1
Describes this nuclear accident from the point of v...
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U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Idaho Operations Office
SL-1 The Accident: Phases I and II
A13886VNB1
Describes this nuclear accident from the point of view of the Atomic Energy Commission.
Considering the time, this film report is exceptionally candid about the vulnerabilities of nuclear reactors. This first civilian reactor accident was especially gruesome in that one of the reactor operators was shot into the ceiling by an expelled reactor vessel plug and control rod. Views of the internal wreckage are fascinating. The cause of this accident has never been determined, although operator error has been alleged.
Documentaries of this quality are rare in the U.S. nuclear community, at least for the general public.
Producer: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission; Creative Commons license: Public Domain
The SL-1, or Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor which underwent a steam explosion and meltdown in January 1961, killing its three operators. The direct cause was the improper withdrawal of the only movable control rod. The event is the only fatal reactor accident in the United States.
The facility, located at the National Reactor Testing Station approximately forty miles (60 km) west of Idaho Falls, Idaho, was part of the Army Nuclear Power Program and was known as the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR) during its design and build phase. It was intended to provide electrical power and heat for small, remote military facilities, such as radar sites near the Arctic Circle, and those in the DEW Line. The design power was 3 MW (thermal). Operating power was 200 kW electrical and 400 kW thermal for space heating. NASA system failure studies have cited that the core power level reached nearly 20 GW in just four milliseconds, precipitating the reactor accident and steam explosion.
On December 21, 1960, the reactor was shut down for maintenance, calibration of the instruments, installation of auxiliary instruments, and installation of 44 flux wires to monitor the neutron flux levels in the reactor core. The wires were made of aluminum, and contained slugs of aluminum-cobalt alloy.
On January 3, 1961 the reactor was restarted after a shutdown of eleven days. Maintenance procedures commenced, which required the main central control rod to be withdrawn a few inches; at 9:01 p.m. this rod was withdrawn almost to the top of the core, causing SL-1 to go prompt critical. In four milliseconds, the heat generated by the resulting enormous power surge caused water surrounding the core to begin to explosively vaporize. The water vapor caused a pressure wave to strike the top of the reactor vessel. This propelled the control rod and the entire reactor vessel upwards, which killed the operator who had been standing on top of the vessel, leaving him pinned to the ceiling by a control rod. The other two military personnel, a supervisor and a trainee, were also killed. The victims were Army Specialists John A. Byrnes and Richard L. McKinley and Navy Electrician's Mate Richard C. Legg.
Reactor principles and events
Fission produces neutrons with a wide range of energies. In all light-water-moderated reactors (LWR), to sustain fission of the U-235 the reactor core needs to have water present to moderate (slow down) the neutrons produced by the nuclear reaction. This process is called "thermalizing" and increases the probability of the neutrons causing fission. When reactivity is inserted in the reactor core, more neutrons are available and power rises. Several factors limit the increase in power.
The first limiting factor is that, given a proper initial spectrum of neutron energies, water has a negative reactivity coefficient. Having a negative reactivity coefficient means that, as the water heats up, the molecules are farther apart (water expands and eventually changes phase) and neutrons are less likely to hit hydrogen atoms, so fewer neutrons are thermalized by collisions with the hydrogen in the water and the probability of fission decreases. This removes reactivity from the core. The lower the temperature, the closer the molecules, the greater the number of neutrons thermalized and the greater the core reactivity. It is also possible to design a reactor core that has an entirely different neutron energy spectrum such that it has conditions for which water has a positive reactivity coefficient. A graphite-moderated, water-cooled reactor like the RBMK reactors at Chernobyl may have a positive reactivity coefficient for coolant (water) temperature.
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TheSpiritOfTruth favorited a video
(2 weeks ago)
Special thanks to and courtesy of illuminatitv for permission to post. ATTENTION: "I Invented the Internet" Episodes 1-5 are now availabl...
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Special thanks to and courtesy of illuminatitv for permission to post. ATTENTION: "I Invented the Internet" Episodes 1-5 are now available on one DVD for $9.99. Help us expose Obama! Show it to your church, at a local theater, or anywhere else you know people will gather.
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"Kill and Destroy" Synopsis:
Featuring an interview with Jill Stanek, "Kill and Destroy" explores Barack Hussein Obama's support of infanticide in Illinois, an alarming decision that was opposed by every Democrat and Republican in the U.S. Senate. "What does it take to make a man a monster any more?" Illuminati Pictures president Molotov Mitchell recently wrote. "If Americans can watch this video and still support Barack Obama, then America is...beyond all hope."
KEYWORDS: Born Alive Infant Protection Act registered catholic voters Why Roman Catholics Cannot Vote For Obama Pro-Life Anti-Abortion Video Planned Parenthood Action Fund Barack Obama FREEDOM OF CHOICE ACT FOCA Freedom of Choice Act state law limits abortion nationwide allowing abortion-on-demand nine months pregnancy reason restrictions legal work research educational successes invalidate major types pro-life laws upheld Supreme Court Supreme Court decades Roe versus Wade types laws Freedom Choice Act invalidate national ban partial-birth abortion Supreme Court upheld Gonzales versus Carhart The Hyde Amendment prohibits federal funding abortion laws states restrict state funding abortion Laws effect jurisdictions bar abortions government operated hospitals laws requiring parental notification consent judicial authorization abortion performed minor daughter laws requiring girls women seeking abortion receive certain information matters campaign no we cannot video the first thing I'd do as President is to sign the Freedom of Choice Act fetal development alternatives abortion specified period abortion actually performed conscience matters laws allowing doctors nurses state licensed professionals hospitals health care providers decline provide pay abortions addition provision Freedom of Choice Act prohibits government agency official action discriminate exercise rights created Freedom of Choice Act respect benefits facilities services information government officials open lawsuits discriminates abortion sweeping mandate cover rural health clinics health education programs public schools pro-life speeches public officials perspective abortion social issue Catholic Church possibility just circumstances possible effectively defending human lives against unjust aggressor abortion official position Pope John Paul Second revisiting Pope Paul sixth historic encyclical Humanae Vitae Pope John Paul Depriving innocent tradition unchanged human being life undeniably begins conception always morally evil unchangeable yielding convenient compromises temptation self-deception papal murder section formal cooperation offense canonical penalty person procure procures human life excommunication latae sententiae canon law mercy crime crimes death deaths innocent NARAL parents scandal society yes we can Barack Obama presidential election elections roman catholic catholics church freedom of choice act president vote abortion anti-abortion pro-life prolife pro-choice prochoice pro life anti planned parenthood pope Benedict xvi political 2008 voting votes voters abortions proportionality proportional politicians conscience catechism Jesus Christ Christian democrats republicans general john mccain bishops magisterium Humanae Vitae campaign NObama 08 moral responsibility christianity christians crush girl girls campaign song Born Alive Infants Protection Act late-term medical waste bins terminated outside womb jeopardy giving baby appropriate medical treatment medically appropriate treatment senator chicago illinois Barack Hussein live birth abortion abortions Born Alive Infant Protection Act induced labor infanticide Jill Stanek infants anti kill murder senator illinois senate legislation opposed ban partial partial-birth unborn pre-born fetus voted against dead death state
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TheSpiritOfTruth favorited a video
(3 weeks ago)
The worst is yet to come: Unemployed Americans should hunker down for more job losses
BY NOURIEL ROUBINI
Sunday, November 15th 2009, 4:00 AM
Think the...
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The worst is yet to come: Unemployed Americans should hunker down for more job losses
BY NOURIEL ROUBINI
Sunday, November 15th 2009, 4:00 AM
Think the worst is over? Wrong. Conditions in the U.S. labor markets are awful and worsening. While the official unemployment rate is already 10.2% and another 200,000 jobs were lost in October, when you include discouraged workers and partially employed workers the figure is a whopping 17.5%.
While losing 200,000 jobs per month is better than the 700,000 jobs lost in January, current job losses still average more than the per month rate of 150,000 during the last recession.
http://www.nydailynews.com/opinions/2...
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