Albania was the most isolated and Stalinist of the European States to fall under the grip
Albania was the most isolated and Stalinist of the European States to fall under the grip of communism. The price paid for this by its people was a life of great hardship and deprivation. The fall of Communism in 1991 led to a difficult transition period, with reforms slow to take place. The process was hindered by financial scandals and the threat that law and order would break down. The EU's involvement with Albania begun on a formal basis in 1991, and a year later a Trade and Co-operation Agreement was signed, making it eligible for funding under the PHARE programme. In the period to 2005, Albania received at least 1 billion Euros in aid from EU. It started negotiating its Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA), a precursor to membership, with the EU in January 2003. The main challenge facing Albania, now that the country is broadly stable, is the fight against corruption and organized crime, the establishment of a fair judiciary, and the embedding of democratic practices. Externally, relations with ethnic Albanians in Kosovo and the FYROM will remain an issue. Membership is unlikely to be achieved before 2015.
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-The circuital and economical backspace of Greece apart from the polarized zone of Athens-
-The circuital and economical backspace of Greece apart from the polarized zone of Athens-Thessaloniki: The Macedonian debate is long and it is purposeful to find a quick solution, viable for both countries FYROM and Greece. Balkans, a peninsula with the most blood-soaked (Του Αίμου η Χερσόνησος) history needs to find its place among the pantheon of irenic and palmy places in South Europe. The settlement of the name is most important of what is called circumferential policy in Europe. One of the major sticklers in Greece is the dearth of Road network. Before 2007, Greece was the only country without an adjacent country inside EU. That standed for other solutions of communication and connection with the European open market due to its heavy and sumptuous transportational cost. Greece didn't need to upheave great works (οικοδομικά έργα) just for a short geographic region. The reason can be traced to the nonentity of Road network of Albania-FYROM-Bulgaria-E. Turkey. High costs for production for the private enterprises far away from the markets without the proper road system. Subsequently, we have unemployment due to the low production. Inflation is the next caused by the low income. -Macedonia and ancient Hellas: Macedonia (Μακεδονία) is a Greek name designated by many Geographers of the old. The archeological excavations in Pella (Πέλλα) and Vergina (Βεργίνα) vouched for the Greek influences but the origin of the Macedonians is originated far back to the Illyrians of the North Balkans (Χερσόνησος του Αίμου). This suasion can be paralleled with the influence of Romans. Many Romans were influenced by the Greek thought. They trowed the learning of Greek the same important as Latins. Still they were Romans. The same way affected the Macedonians by the Greeks. -Macedonia and the Slavs: None can deny the immigration of the first millennia from the steppes of Asia. -Macedonia of the North: The South Macedonia is consisted of Greek populations, Slavic and Vlachian minorities.
-Macedonia today: Republic of Macedonia is a reality. Macedonia is a geographic region in the first hand and none can claim entire the region for his own. Republic of Macedonia means: A Republic some people want to create in the boundaries of Macedonia and have no intention to snaffle the entire geography of Macedonia. No territorial claims by any side.
music - Maverick Blue: "Roll The Dice"
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Added: 6 months ago
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Greece and Macedonia-The Dispute
Youtube War Youtube conflict
By the theory of John
Greece and Macedonia-The Dispute
Youtube War Youtube conflict
By the theory of John W.Burton we are going to have a closer look on controversies. A theorist that profess the school of ''subjective conflict''.
Analytically:
~Conflict is generally based on the way status quo is prescribed from the preponderant fraying sides.
~The altercation dynamics lead to a simplified and particularly negative meshwork of percipiencies-cliches for the emulator.
~The psychological dimension of the conflict heaped up, bolsters a reliance dearth and a waxed aggresiveness as some of the main estoppels in whatever negotiation.
~Basically, conflicts deal with values without precise and stumbling quantitives. The conflict of value is merely is merely skin-deeped. Behind the scenes, the most of the values can be traced such as security, survival, development, etc which are by far off on what we could call non-quantitative. This means that practical conduciveness is vital from both sides if we want to reach any viability.
~No goal between two sides has any sublime value. Simply, can change from one period to the other. Moreover, never is and will be sui generis. The goals are many and go through extensive tests, while the primal ones can suffer changes on the procedure of effectuation of the real ethnik-folk interest, after we take into account the new data.
~The huge price-tag is not by definition of one value, but can become extremely heavy if not raze the important values down. The persuance, also, of some definite goals can lead in a blood and iron combat, eventually worthless of the udjunctive sacrifices.
~The conflict is attitudinal, not becouse it touches human's "Brain and feelings", but becouse there is the potential of a political change from both combatant sides. Without a change in the objective extrinsic reality per force. The result will give a good handle in modulating of the initial absonant goals that bring discord about.
~No international conflict is by definition of "null sum". All the collides can gradually become of a "positive sum" that no side will ever need to draw back or come to many indulgences forward. After all, the settlement is continual when both sides benefit.
~Finally, a deeper analysis of a conflict from both sides in common can result in a practical solution. The solution belongs exclusively to those and no one else or third party, no matter how fair and square he can be. --------------------------------------------
music: Tesla ''Caught up in a dream''
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music - Carbon Leaf: "Toy soldiers"
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Free music can be downloaded through P2P file sharing programs proving that they were the
Free music can be downloaded through P2P file sharing programs proving that they were the best invention of our time.
Personally, i prefer Limewire and Cabos and Azureus
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Added: 11 months ago
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Some broad definitions of Europeanization:
-Changes in the external boundaries of Europ
Some broad definitions of Europeanization:
-Changes in the external boundaries of Europe, especially of the EU, mainly through the process of enlargement. This definition conceptualizes "Europe" as a geographical entity. -Institution building and development of common norms at the European level, especially, but not only, in the EU. This definition conceptualizes Europe as a distinct system of governance. -Domestic impacts of European-level institutions and norms, thus the penetration of national systems of governance, feeding into the literature on multi-level governance. This definition considers the adaptation of national and subnational systems of governance to European institutions and norms. -Exporting certain forms of political organization to political system outside Europe. This definition conceptualizes Europe into the international system, arguing that the spread of European models can take place in several different ways, such as persuasion and argumentation, but also coercion. -A project of political unification, whereby Europe should be a unified and strong political entity. This definition of Europeanization is largely normative. It should also be noted that there are competing models for the building of a unified Europe.
Can we give a specific definition of Europeanization?
Europeanization consists of processes of a) construction, b) diffusion and c) institutionalization of normal and informal rules, procedures, policy paradigms, styles, "ways of doing things" and shared beliefs and norms which are first defined and consolidated in the EU policy process and then incorporated in the logic of domestic discourse, political structures and public choices.
What are the main shorthand definitions of Europeanization in EU politics?
The first definition adopts a "top-down approach", concerning the impact of the European Union on the EU's member states. The second definition incorporates both a "bottom-up" and a "top-down approach", considering both the formation of institutions, policies, and policy-making at the EU level and, subsequently, their reverberation back into the domestic arena of the member states. The third albeit less common, definition is not EU centred, but is based on horizontal approach, which sees change occurring from country to country, with little, if any, mediation or intervention from the EU institutions. A fourth definition is largely synonymous with institution-building and policy-making at the EU level; hence this can often substitute for the more established term "European integration".
As we can see there are at least four definitions of the perspectives on Europeanization. The most commonly used of these involves the impact of the EU on domestic politics, institutions, policies, policy-making, and polity. A broader, and more helpful, definition also incorporates a feedback loop from the domestic level, so hat Europeanization involves the interplay between the EU and the domestic level of governance.
Theoretical research on Europeanization has sought to distinguish different domains, mechanisms, and outputs of Europeanization. This research has been criticized on a number of grounds, not least for being unsystematic and for failing to consider other potential sources of domestic influence. However, Europeanization has helped to begin to open up EU research to the social sciences, allowing EU studies to influence other research fields.
The effect of the EU on domestic institutions has been far-reached and complex and there is substantial variation in impact across the EU. Governments and national administrations have changed in different ways as a consequence of EU membership, and have sought to shape as well as be shaped by the EU. The impact on and of parliaments, courts, and regional actors, though far from negligible, is more limited.
The Europeanization of political parties has taken the form of the creation of new parties that are almost exclusively anti-European (Eurosceptic). Party systems have also changed as a consequence of participation in EU, with new coalitions, alignments, and political cleavages emerging. There are also have been indirect effect on political representation at the domestic level, as the EU limits both the arena within which political competition is played out a national level, and the instruments available to political actors.
One thing is clear: Europeanization is a concept that is here to stay.
Music by Martin O'Donell, "peril", "heretic hero", "remembrance".
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Added: 7 months ago
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