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ChristianvonLiebig favorited a video
(1 week ago)
Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина II Великая, Yekaterina II Velikaya), al...
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Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина II Великая, Yekaterina II Velikaya), also known as Catherine the Great, born 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729, reigned as Empress of Russia from 9 July [O.S. 28 June] 1762 until her death (17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796). Under her direct auspices the Russian Empire expanded, improved its administration, and continued to modernize along Western European lines. Catherine's rule re-vitalized Russia, which grew ever stronger and became recognized as one of the great powers of Europe. Her successes in complex foreign policy and her sometimes brutal reprisals in the wake of rebellion (most notably Pugachev's Rebellion) complemented her hectic private life. She frequently occasioned scandal—given her propensity for lascivious relationships which often resulted in gossip flourishing within more than one European court.
Catherine took power after a conspiracy deposed her husband, Peter III (17281762), and her reign saw the high point in the influence of the Russian nobility. Peter III, under pressure from the nobility, had already increased the authority of the great landed proprietors over their muzhiks and serfs. In spite of the duties imposed on the nobles by the first prominent "modernizer" of Russia, Tsar Peter I (16721725), and despite Catherine's friendships with the western European thinkers of the Enlightenment (in particular Denis Diderot, Voltaire and Montesquieu) Catherine found it impractical to improve the lot of her poorest subjects, who continued to suffer (for example) military conscription. The distinctions between peasant rights on votchina and pomestie estates virtually disappeared in law as well as in practice during her reign.
In 1775 Catherine decreed a Statute for the Administration of the Provinces of the Russian Empire. The Statute sought to efficiently govern Russia by increasing population and dividing the country into provinces and districts. By the end of her reign, there were fifty provinces, nearly 500 districts, more than double the government officials, and they were spending six times as much as previously on local government. In 1785 Catherine conferred on the nobility the Charter to the Nobility, increasing further the power of the landed oligarchs. Nobles in each district elected a Marshal of the Nobility who spoke on their behalf to the monarch on issues of concern to them—mainly economic ones. In the same year, Catherine issued the Charter of the Towns which distributed all people into six groups in order to control the power of nobles and create a middle estate. Each of these charters had major flaws and Catherine seemingly could not gain the reform she had long desired for her country, after her death this was made even more obvious through her son Paul.
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ChristianvonLiebig favorited a video
(1 week ago)
Geboren am 15. November 1907 als dritter Sohn des letzten Oberhofmarscha...
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Geboren am 15. November 1907 als dritter Sohn des letzten Oberhofmarschall des Königs von Württemberg und seiner aus baltischem Adel stammenden Frau, wurde Claus Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg in national-konservativer Gesinnung, aber frei von Standesdünkeln im katholischen Glauben erzogen. Nach dem Abitur 1926 schlug er trotz seiner schwachen Gesundheit die militärische Laufbahn ein. Beeinflusst vom "Reichsmystizismus" gehörte Claus mit seinen Brüdern Berthold und Alexander zum Kreis um Stefan George und verehrte den Dichter als wichtigsten Visionär seiner Zeit. Im Dritten Reich machte Stauffenberg zunächst Karriere: Nach den Progromen der "Reichskristallnacht" und der Besatzungspolitik im Osten bekam seine politische Überzeugung jedoch die ersten Risse. Die inkompetente Führung Hitlers als Oberbefehlshaber von Heer und Wehrmacht sowie das Bewusstsein der eigenen Mitschuld und -verantwortung an den Kriegsgräueln ließen in ihm die Überzeugung reifen, dass der Diktator entfernt werden müsse. Im April 1943 verlor Stauffenberg bei einem Tieffliegerangriff in Afrika das linke Auge, die rechte Hand und zwei Finger der linken Hand. Nach seiner Genesung wurde Stauffenberg neben Henning von Tresckow zur treibenden Kraft des militärischen Widerstands. Nach mehreren missglückten Versuchen, entschloss sich Stauffenberg, während einer militärischen Lagebesprechung selbst einen Sprengstoffanschlag durchzuführen. Hitler überlebte das Attentat, der Staatsstreich misslang, Stauffenberg und seine Mitverschwörer wurden noch in der Nacht zum 21. Juli 1944 erschossen.
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ChristianvonLiebig favorited a video
(2 weeks ago)
The religious wedding ceremony is accomplished and the Christian Priest ...
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The religious wedding ceremony is accomplished and the Christian Priest is walking out of the church towards new duties.The word pastor usually refers to an ordained leader of a Christian congregation. When used as an ecclesial styling or title, this role may be abbreviated to "Pr."In some countries the term is used in relation to Protestant churches. It can also be used in reference to priests and bishops within the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches. The word itself is derived from the Latin word pastor which means "shepherd". The term "pastor" is also related to the role of elder within the New Testament, but is not synonymous with the biblical understanding of minister.
Present-day usage of the word is rooted in the Bible. The Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) uses the Hebrew word רעה (roʿeh). It is mentioned 173 times and describes the feeding of sheep, as in Genesis 29:7, or the spiritual feeding of human beings, as in Jeremiah 3:15, "Then I will give you shepherds after My own heart, who will feed you on knowledge and understanding" (Wikipedia)
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