http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=q-Sq_AzbIJ4
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=E9QBl7WJ_OM&featu
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=q-Sq_AzbIJ4
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=E9QBl7WJ_OM&feature=related
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=V7QwMNtmACk&feature=related
Verbal fallacies
Verbal fallacies are those in which a conclusion is obtained by improper or ambiguous use of words. They are generally classified as follows.
Equivocation consists in employing the same word in two or more senses, e.g. in a syllogism, the middle term being used in one sense in the major and another in the minor premise, so that in fact there are four not three terms ("All heavy things have a great mass; This is heavy fog; therefore this fog has a great mass").
Connotation fallacies occur when a dysphemistic word is substituted for the speaker's actual quote and used to discredit the argument. It is a form of attribution fallacy.
Amphibology is the result of ambiguity of grammatical structure, e.g. of the position of the adverb "only" in careless writers ("He only said that," in which sentence, the adverb has been intended to qualify any one of the other three words).
Fallacy of Composition "From Each to All". Arguing from some property of constituent parts, to the conclusion that the composite item has that property e.g. "all the band members (constituent parts) are highly skilled, therefore the band (composite item) is highly skilled". This can be acceptable with certain arguments such as spatial arguments e.g. "all the parts of the car are in the garage, therefore the car is in the garage"
Division, the converse of the preceding, arguing from a property of the whole, to each constituent part e.g. "the university (the whole) is 700 years old, therefore, all the staff (each part) are 700 years old".
Proof by verbosity, sometimes colloquially referred to as argumentum verbosium - a rhetorical technique that tries to persuade by overwhelming those considering an argument with such a volume of material that the argument sounds plausible, superficially appears to be well-researched, and it is so laborious to untangle and check supporting facts that the argument might be allowed to slide by unchallenged.
Accent, which occurs only in speaking and consists of emphasizing the wrong word in a sentence. e.g., "He is a fairly good pianist," according to the emphasis on the words, may imply praise of a beginner's progress, or an expert's deprecation of a popular hero, or it may imply that the person in question is a deplorable pianist.[citation needed]
Figure of Speech, the confusion between the metaphorical and ordinary uses of a word or phrase.
Fallacy of Misplaced Concretion, identified by Whitehead in his discussion of metaphysics, this refers to the reification of concepts which exist only in discourse.
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Added: 3 weeks ago
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http://www.truthtree.com/debates.shtml
Apply the scientific method.
Cite relevant pe
http://www.truthtree.com/debates.shtml
Apply the scientific method.
Cite relevant personal experience.
Be polite.
Organize your response. (Beginning, middle, end.)
Treat people as individuals. (Not everyone who is pro-choice is also anti-gun.)
Cite sources for statistics and studies used.
Literacy works. Break posts into sentences and paragraphs.
Read the post you are responding to.
Stay open to learning.
Wherever possible there must be independent confirmation of the facts
Encourage substantive debate on the evidence by knowledgeable proponents of all points of view.
Arguments from authority carry little weight (in science there are no "authorities").
Spin more than one hypothesis - don't simply run with the first idea that caught your fancy.
Try not to get overly attached to a hypothesis just because it's yours.
Quantify, wherever possible.
If there is a chain of argument every link in the chain must work.
"Occam's razor" - if there are two hypotheses that explain the data equally well choose the simpler.
Ask whether the hypothesis can, at least in principle, be falsified (shown to be false by some unambiguous test). In other words, is it testable? Can others duplicate the experiment and get the same result?
d hominem - attacking the arguer and not the argument.
Argument from "authority".
Argument from adverse consequences (putting pressure on the decision maker by pointing out dire consequences of an "unfavourable" decision).
Appeal to ignorance (absence of evidence is not evidence of absence).
Special pleading (typically referring to god's will).
Begging the question (assuming an answer in the way the question is phrased).
Observational selection (counting the hits and forgetting the misses).
Statistics of small numbers (such as drawing conclusions from inadequate sample sizes).
Misunderstanding the nature of statistics (President Eisenhower expressing astonishment and alarm on discovering that fully half of all Americans have below average intelligence!)
Inconsistency (e.g. military expenditures based on worst case scenarios but scientific projections on environmental dangers thriftily ignored because they are not "proved").
Non sequitur - "it does not follow" - the logic falls down.
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc - "it happened after so it was caused by" - confusion of cause and effect.
Meaningless question ("what happens when an irresistible force meets an immovable object?).
Excluded middle -considering only the two extremes in a range of possibilities (making the "other side" look worse than it really is).
Short-term v. long-term - a subset of excluded middle ("why pursue fundamental science when we have so huge a budget deficit?").
Slippery slope - a subset of excluded middle -unwarranted extrapolation of the effects (give an inch and they will take a mile).
Confusion of correlation and causation.
Straw man - caricaturing (or stereotyping) a position to make it easier to attack.
Suppressed evidence or half-truths.
Weasel words - for example, use of euphemisms for war such as "police action" to get around limitations on Presidential powers. "An important art of politicians is to find new names for institutions which under old names have become odious to the public" .
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When forty winters shall beseige thy brow,
And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
When forty winters shall beseige thy brow,
And dig deep trenches in thy beauty's field,
Thy youth's proud livery, so gazed on now,
Will be a tatter'd weed, of small worth held:
Then being ask'd where all thy beauty lies,
Where all the treasure of thy lusty days,
To say, within thine own deep-sunken eyes,
Were an all-eating shame and thriftless praise.
How much more praise deserved thy beauty's use,
If thou couldst answer 'This fair child of mine
Shall sum my count and make my old excuse,'
Proving his beauty by succession thine!
This were to be new made when thou art old,
And see thy blood warm when thou feel'st it cold.
Science in Shakespeare!
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Added: 1 month ago
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http://www.fondationbrigittebardot.fr/site/homepage.php?Id=2
http://www.fondationbrigittebardot.fr/site/homepage.php?Id=2 Help the foundation http://www.fondationbrigittebardot.fr/site/fbb_a.php?Id=132& IdPere=
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Added: 2 months ago
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many people do not know what a scientific theory is.
This Person: http://youtube.com/us
many people do not know what a scientific theory is.
This Person: http://youtube.com/user/ukhtinoor
and this one:
http://youtube.com/user/mokhan247
are muslims and posted naik's commentary. Even in his video description box, he wrote "evolution is a theory not a fact."
Wow - to think that people claim to know and understand science yet do not even understand what a Scientific Theory is!!! It really boggles my mind that people can be so easily persuaded by an authority, and not investigate the facts of something on their own.
A SCIENTIFIC THEORY - IS A COMBINATION of FACTS, LAWS, Tested HYPOTHESIS - in a descriptive formate that TELLS you how something works.
DUH!!!!
Come ON!!!
Dont believe everything you are told - use your freaking BRAIN and think!
Naik is brainless and a manipulator
If you think he has credibility after making such a mindless comment, not knowing the difference between Scientific theory and fact... then you may as well just believe everything people tell me because you have chosen to stop thinking for yourself.
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Added: 5 months ago
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My friend and I decided to watch both two girls one finger and Pain Olympics. Needless to
My friend and I decided to watch both two girls one finger and Pain Olympics. Needless to say it was...disturbing. But also funny.
Please check out link:
http://www.youtube.com/naomi94
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Added: 7 months ago
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIPgBxdZS8c&feature=related
http://youtube.com/watch?v=XIP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIPgBxdZS8c&feature=related
http://youtube.com/watch?v=XIPgBxdZS8c&feature=related
Muhammad Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Part II
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Added: 7 months ago
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