Periodic Table Trends: Ionization Energy

[TheIgzo]

man you teach better than my chemistry teacher

[shawdanna39]

Gosh I really love this guy that's teaching this he is really good.

[vampiresrule2009]

this is so helpful!!

can u actually believe i'm sitting in india studying this and i will totally ace my chem final!!!! thank u! :) :)

[sovelliss66]

"Cat" and "An" of the two terms come from the terms "Cathode" and "Anode". The positive and negative receptors in an electrical circuit. And now I feel nerdy enough for today I'm out.

[MaMovieKer]

what about positron?

can you enlighten me on those?

[jruff420]

I learned more in 12 minutes here then i did in a hour of chemistry, thank you so much.

[shawdanna39]

@jruff420 Yes indeed he is awsome.

[7RaPeKiNg7]

sounds like brian from family guy XD

[azswaggastupid]

the 1:1 student ratio is nice lol

[MediumNothinFull]

... you ask me if you're right alot, i dont know, i hope you're right im taking notes on all this

[MediumNothinFull]

AAAAHHHHHH THANK YOU!!!

[stuffandstuff789]

For anyone doing OCR F321 AS Chem: the given definition of first ionisation energy is "The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions."

[anh1798]

really helpful, thanks!

[fairydust83]

I remember Anion like and Onion, and Onions make people cry. (In case you didn't know), therefore Anion is negative! :)

[qtzlctl2012]

great video as always, would be better though if you didn't anthropomorphize the elements

[goldensilverstar]

fucking genius!

[AIMIEDUMMY]

THIS IS MY FIRST TIME TAKING IONIZATION ENERGY,UR VID HELPED ALOT.IM 9 GRADE.

[pfd2107]

thanks again.. gen chem final today. .. When your tuition is $1400/credit, it would be nice if your professor didn't treat his lectures as a side gig, he should be a gen chem super-hero... also pre-med students need to start treating each other like human beings and stop trying to intentionally mislead and confuse other students on our course blogs.

[the4100]

neon has achieved happiness in life haha!

[TheIcem4n01]

cAtion A= additional +

aNion N= negative -

[boax02]

you sir are going to let me pass my test

[vaahtobileet]

wow

[xxjanie182]

You are the sole reason I am passing chem. Thank you so much!

[monahawk85]

t looks like +, so cation is positive

[tjrams73]

I remember ca+ion is positive.

[TheImran826]

i love u.. and i m not gay... :)

[techn0pvd]

holy shit... calculus videos AND you make chem videos?! dude, I should be paying YOU my tuition money for getting me through school since my junior year of h.s. up to now my freshman year of college.

[silentpride23]

high school midterm for me lol

[missrosito]

THANK YOU VERY MUCH :)

very well explained.. it reminds me of my Chemistry teacher's style - fun and visual :D

[nerdysexicidny21]

i love this sooo much....Thank you

[overblast0000]

half filled shells have stability, thus the "divets"

[HellDevil75]

So freaking helpful. My teacher tried explaining it to me, but a lot if it went over my head. Watched this video one time, and it all makes so much sense!

[AkatsukiNinjaLuvr]

I LOVE YOU T^T <3 thank you so much!

[killer43213]

CAT-ions are PAWS-itive

[barret2378]

@killer43213 i....i love you.. <3



[jumb0mumb0]

@killer43213

Just a memorization technique (I suppose you are in 6th or 7th grade) , the exact opposite of what Sal is trying to convey (intuition).

[battousai12345]

@killer43213

Yes, as we've all learned, you have to go a little nuts to have a good study session. My anatomy professor once told the class a short hand way of remembering biological classifications of kingdom to species with:

"Kansas People Come Over For Good S-x"

[kuhkeezy]

THANK YOU!

[flyboimomo121]

I've always remembered ions because if you break down the word "anion"

a - a

n- negative

ion- ion

And cation would be the positive one

[itsmeganf]

I am really confused about like 4th Ionization energy vs. 1st Ionization energy. I know 1st is energy required to remove the first electron, 4th is energy required to remove the 4th ... but I don't know how to tell which has a higher 4th ionization number. can you help?

[Keletho]

Maybe our teachers can teach; we just dont pay attention in class :D

[ludatelle]

Cationize - I like this word.

[noman1133]

good

[wc7vdaner]

yeah im taking chem 101, my room is lecture hall youtube dot com / kanacademy

[IstaryI]

I love your videos! They are so helpful for high school chem, for previewing and reviewing and summarizing! Thanks so much! :D

[seaweedsupper]

a good mnemonic for memorizing the charge for cations is "cats have paws (pos)"

[chuby1tubby]

Am I the only Sophomore in High School learning this stuff? lol

[ThePopRockz001]

@chuby1tubby Your not alone.

[IstaryI]

@chuby1tubby are you in US?

[joecaljack]

When is someone going to ask you later in life wether cesium or flourine have high ionization energies? Lol, gr8 video though, very helpful.

[YoungFl0]

@joecaljack a lot of stuff we use in school is freaking useless.

[bobmonk92]

this is missing some stuff, ionization energy definition is very specifc and has to be: the amount of energy required ot remove 1 electron from 1 mole of its atoms in gaseous state to produce 1 mole of the gaseous atoms with a +1 charge.

[bobmonk92]

@bobmonk92 - not complete but it is funny a worth a watch just to get it stuck in your head.

[muhdalam]

@bobmonk92 indeed not complete, but, not wrong either.. once u have the basics in your mind (and this guy has a knack of cramming them in your head quite easily), everything gets easier.

[muhdalam]

@bobmonk92 umm no.. what u refer to is 'first' ionization energy, not ionization energy as a whole.

there are different types of i.energies:

1st I.E: E required to remove one electron to form unipositive ion

2nd I.E: E required to remove one electron from unipositive ion to form dipositive ion.. and so on and so forth.

the term ionization energy refers collectively to all these energies. like, a school of fish, etc.

and, sometimes, I.E written alone is taken to mean 1st I.E by default.

[789123Y]

All this talk about "happiness" of atoms and the overall anthopomorfism seems to be a really good set-up for some geeky science humour...

[xmikerinehartx]

i'm learning this shit as a junior in highschool. what the fuck?

[thespartan95]

@xmikerinehartx lol me and you are here for the same reason

[THEBLACK493]

SO NOW THIS IS THE MOST Unbelievable , U avoidable , Unique, Universal TRUTH -- " CHEMISTRY IS FUN... REAL FUN!"

i wish physics would have been the same....

hey buddy you teach PHYSICS also?

[Resanub]

" You know what? I've achieved happiness in life, don't mess with my electron!" - Ne

LOL! Making that into a shirt would be amazing. XD As a home schooled high school student, thank you for making science so much easier to understand. :)

[LAUGHOUTQUIETLY]

in the graph he says helium doesn't want to give away its 8th e- but what he meant to say was it doesn't want to give away its second electron cause in the first shell there only 2 electrons.

[XxjaychouxX]

DAM! i dont even need to go to chemistry class anymore. all i need is just u!

[MrSharan1997]

chemistry rule no.1: DONT MEMORIZE!

[cena4life212]

@MrSharan1997 lol what?

[MrSharan1997]

thats what i always say! Dont memorize!! ( then ur stupid) , start learning and abosorbing the content! memorizing is like recording the information. (warning : playback failure!)Tape recorders suck!

[jf1gd2]

what's the reason for the divets at 9:50?

[HyperStrudel]

I have always found anything related to science INTENSELY boring. but khan academy has seriously saved my butt examination-wise. I LOVE YOU GUYS.

[fleshcookie]

easiest way to remember that anions are negative and cations are positive.

Cats.. Cations are positive.. and Cats have PAWS

[THEBLACK493]

@fleshcookie

LMAO!!!

AWESOME WAY!

NOW I WILL NEVER FORGET IT..

THANX BUDDY...

^-^

[fosheimdet]

why would lithium want to give away its most outer electron? Then it gets 2 in its most outer shell, not 8 like the other alkaline atoms...

[argstupidcomputer]

@fosheimdet Because the first shell can only support two electrons, therefore with two electrons, it becomes stable. But from the second shell and on, the outer shell can support up to 8 electrons, and with 8 electrons, that atom becomes stable.

[fosheimdet]

@argstupidcomputer ok, thank you.

[asdfagadgadfasdfag]

thank you very much

[vintdaloo]

ROFL don't memorize these things, cause that might be useful for one test, but then later in life when you're 42 and someone asks you hey what has a higher ionization energy? cesium or fluorine? LOL WHY WOULD SOMEONE ASK YOU THAT WHEN YOU'RE 42, love this dude too jokes

[purpleleach1]

@vintdaloo It will be very useful if you're a chemist or chemical engineer. Some other fields apply as well.

[hedonism13]

I'm going to update my facebook status.

"I've acheived happiness in life. Don't mess with my electron."

[FurlowFurlow]

@hedonism13 Yeah I laughed at that, first time I've ever heard someone explain it that way.

[JThawks19]

Thank you!!!!! saved my life of many confusing hours trying to comprehend what my teachers teaches me!!!!

[Rhabdovirus1]

Best way to remember that cations are positive is to remember that cats have paws! This works for cathodes, too!

[stop08it]

@Rhabdovirus1 haha that's how i remembered that cations are positive! I was like cat=cute kitties=positive (i only find kittens cute)

[andiemcfierce]

some amazing quotes from this guy haha

[mishmuhem]

khan academy is the BEST

[ramiboy99]

LMFAO I IMAGINED SOMEONE TRYING TO IONIZE NEON AND THEN IT GOT ALL EMOTIONAL AND WAS LIKE "IV'E ACHIEVED HAPPINESS IN LIFE, DONT MESS WITH MY ELECTRON" LOOOOOOL

[swirly20]

studying for a chemistry quiz..ugghhh, i should pay attention in class more.

[lyricaltesting]

@euch27 More like "It's like you know what Iv'e-I've-I've achieved-S-pea-happiness in life, don't mess with my electron"

[paulceltics]

khan is better than 1 3/4 of my enr chem course. and learned more in 1 hour than like a year

[MrTrykster]

wow you've been helping me for about 4 years now with half of my subjects. i literally ow you my education.

[mobabur94]

i always thought fluorine would have a low ionization energy but now that you explained that it's really only cationization, i get it now

[cardsfan7012]

I <3 YOU

[UlTrA2GaMeR]

@Joe178football shut the fuck you pea nis s face

[itsokkrs]

wow...it took me 1hr and 45mins to learn this.....watching this video, i learned it in 10mins

[woddaheck]

if you ever require somebody to bear your children, just let me know ok?

[N0cturnalPr0ductions]

how can you explain something so well in 12 minutes what my teacher couldnt explain in 2 weeks.

[wiz126]

Great video (at 10:13 you said its very hard to remove the 8th electron from helium, you actually meant 2nd electron instead)

[loverofmusic702]

damn, ur wicked smart

[ricksmiths10]

hail youtube as it saves me from my incompetent teachers in college!

[roninleong]

@ricksmiths10 Hell yah~ (thumb up)



[Aleyzza]

@ricksmiths10 ur talkin about college im lookin this up in middle school

[ricksmiths10]

@Aleyzza well u will be looking it up again in college......i guarantee it

[stop08it]

@ricksmiths10 Amen!

[UlTrA2GaMeR]

6 People Missed the Like button....

[278bianca]

Thank you so much for making these, you're truly fantastic

[FastKid26]

Who here is cramming for finals? lol Thumbs up if you are

[TK1994justone]

this was helpfull

[maxarudy]

thankyou so much i think i might actually pass , you've given me hope :)!!!

[h4tchetman]

you make it all make sence thankyou so much for uploading your videos

[TheCookieMonsteeer]

I may just pass cause of this :D

[wilburfatness]

your videos saved my life

[TheFurryFeline]

Cations are "pawsitive"

[Muziify]

few i finnaly get this......better than my teacher at school and my tutor!!..:P

[1GirlWith1Mission]

I don't think I have words to express my gratitude to your magical words of wisdom that in 12 minutes make me understand something I didn't understand at all in 2 weeks.

[hanselategretel]

i hate when people come up to me on the street and ask me if cesium or fluorine have higher ionization energies

[TheFurryFeline]

@hanselategretel that's why you shouldn't have memorized the trends, you should have understood their meanings.

[hockeymo]

so why does Mg have a larger ionizatoin energy than Al?????????????

[sansan36]

@hockeymo

Mg 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 1st I.E. = 736 kJ mol-1

Al 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3px1 1st I.E. = 577 kJ mol-1

The 3p electron in aluminium is slightly more distant from the nucleus than the 3s, and partially screened by the 3s2 electrons as well as the inner electrons. Both of these factors offset the effect of the extra proton. basically while more electrons and more protons mean an increase in the attractive forces thus harder to REMOVE the electron across the period,

[sansan36]

@hockeymo due to the distance of this lonely electron from the nucleus coupled with the inner screening effect of the 3s and 2p6 orbitals for example, the protect the outer electron from the pull of the protons in the nucleus and so easier to lose :) hope that helps

[Candyy7Love]

omg i wouldve done really bad on my test without you, thank you so much!

[xpinkbabyy]

Wow, I would love for him to be my professor. He's so hilarious and I can actually understand it!

[MrJas1991]

Great videos, many thanks

[fitfat786678]

In my textbook it says you can add or remove an electron to make it stable depending on the element...

i am so confused !

[hypertune483]

This helped me so much! I understood this video better then my teacher =) Thank you

[mw08149272]

6 people didn't have enough energy to remove their electrons

[sweetenergy]

Where have you been my entire academic career? THANK YOU!

[RussianBoy44]

Thank you so much, this really helped with my homework and i have an exam coming up tuesday and i will make sure to watch this again because you are the freaking BEST!

[Robotehrobot323ALT]

Isn't Francium part of the alkali metals too.

[uhearttrachh]

This video was so so so helpful! Thank you so much! My chem teacher explains NOTHING. I completely understand it now!

[superKiwibaby]

really helpful, i only wish many teachers were as effective at explaining as you :)

Thanks for saving my butt. 

[stilldarealistbitch1]

i still dont get it...

how im i gonna explain it to the class when i dont understand it???

[damnarrows]

ahhhhhhhhh

iloveyou!!!!!

you are heck of a lot better than my current chem teacher who is like 80 years old and knows way too much to teach us.

thank youu

[mrryguy844]

@doomlover666 How about.. "Who's that cool CAT givin of those positive vibes? " I had an awesome instructor in college !

[UlTrA2GaMeR]

Best teacher on the internet.

[skadorkable]

Basically lots of people are cat lovers so cats are a positive influence. This decreases their space since people crowd them (lots of ppl wanna pet the kitty) and anions are like onions.. no body likes them... lol

[kookycookier]

i needed help in class today but my teacher was out and none of my classmates could help. i didnt stress out too much because i knew i could count on you :)

[TheStephenhacking]

Sal, I always watch your videos to reinforce my knowledge for tests, thanks for your work.

[Duranchla]

i <3 YOU!

[butterstotherescue]

i like how you refer to the elements as "guys" hah

[lollipops4ever123]

@doomlover666 that's pretty good, my teacher says ca+ion like the t is a plus (positive)

[ChicagoShnozzlers]

Thanks helped a lot on my chem test

[emanfirstlast]

easy way to remember - anion = A Negative - I O N ( a-n-ion) dont have a trick for cation though :P

[IIRAWRRRR]

4 people failed chem.

[sassyhollyn]

Thank you!

[edmun09]

you're a godsend Sal

[yuckyfart]

i dont get the 2s3, 3d1 things

[hedonism13]

I feel guilty - I completely skipped electron config 2 and valence electrons because the shells and stuff were completely getting away from me. Is it absolutely necessary to understand SPDF shells?

[GunzGonda]

Thanks for the explanation!

[LenntBear]

This video just makes so much sense.

[noodletropic]

Excellent presentation. Can you please post which references if any you found most helpful in your research for these lectures. Thank you for your increadible work.

[homousios]

ion the prize there is nobility in that.Thanks

[finalkamehamehaflash]

what would happen if you'd ionize deuterium? i'm new to this so i'm just asking...

[fransispola]

wish you were my instructor >.<

great explanation!

[anevmann]

is it the electrons which decide the properties of the atom?

Since you said that if Fluorine looses an electron it will become more like Oxygen?

Anyways great series so far :D

[iwantsomeH2O]

Maaan. Your vids ARE THE BEST! thanx for explanining things your own way so we can understand it :D

[solano333]

Thanks man ! 3:31am :D Finally understood this crap !

[ibti090]

this is way better than any other explanations! thnk you again! for helping me understand!

[habeebati1]

Very basic and easy to understand the concept. This is what I like for in a good teavher, someone who is able to put complex things into laymans terms. Thx for taking the time to make the video.

[habeebati1]

@habeebati1 oops, sorry for typos, new laptop is hard to type on. You get the idea though...good vid1

[darkcowofthenorth]

Thank you so much!

[minsatminsat]

have u put up a video on planck's quantum theory or the like?

i've been searching high and low for it n hav not yet found it!

n i can't find any video on photoelectric effect, atomic spectra etc.

please

please do help me!!!

i've got a test coming up n can't get a thing frm my stupid txt book!

please please help me!!!

[totopotomoy]

Thanks for all your help, Sal...can you make a video on electron affinity?...thanks

[ble3d85]

I hope I ace the chem final!!!

[FamilySmith]

WOW! I loved your teaching! I just texted two of your videos on trends to all of my chemistry study pals. We are so grateful! Thanks a gazillion! You fill my outer shell with happiness and knowledge! Gracias! Danke Schonne! Thanks! Merci!

[drstingrae]

OR shall I say it is in the same direction,but actually a oppisite concept!

[drstingrae]

Therefore Ionization energy is in the oppisite direction from electronegativity!

[paulosilvamusic]

very, very, very, very good!

Thank you so much

[HOLYMOTH3ROFP3ARLS]

Thank you so much, these videos are really great! I live in Europe right now and your videos are much more understandable than secondary school textbooks in a foreign language.

[rajhetti6]

thank you

[hellotelephone1]

Thanks you!!!!! I have a Chem test tomorrow and this just saved my grade!! I UNDERSTAND NOW!!! :)

[loveleppard]

the way I remember cation vs. anion. cation has a "t" in it which looks like a + sign (+ charge). hope this helps someone!