well i am an indian... a sikh...... what ever he is sayin is true.....india mein bhi inki baat hoo ba hoo laagoo hoti hai.....yeh politicians naslan badmaash hain......so true... aur yahan hindu parasti ya gora parasti ka sawaal hi paida nahi hota.....yeh to baat hi nafs ki hai agar main theek hoon....india is so full of bloody corrupt people.....here in australia if someone say muslims are bad i always argue with them in favour of muslims....does it make me a muslim parast...pls reply s3d58
People can be so ignorant. It does not make these people Muslim by just saying they are Muslim. You are more Muslim than these people. Islam is not a group or a gang, its an idea. In this idea these people don't fit and will never fit.
In this world there are only two religions Black and white. U and me, we are of white religion and these people can call themselves Muslims but they are from black religion.
Nisar ,a perfect lunatic and paraniod journalist whose fans are only indian Hindus. He is an unpakistani.He has delivered nothing except his biased views against muslims.He will stop speaking against Pakistanis,Arabs and the Muslim Umma when the Indian would change their mind and stop paying him any more.Until then be prepare to listen to his bullshit No nation in this world is perfect.I think even the pimps & prostitutes would never speak the dirty language he is using against muslims.
@s3d58 whosoever understands hassan nisar is his fan. he's the first intellectual who has differentiated between race and religion. Arabs, Turks is a race. Muslim is anyone who follows islam. and when u associate ur so called glorified past, that past belongs to Arabs, not pakistanis / Asians. pakistan's past is only 63 years old. what u have achieved out of 4 wars? nothing! He is showing mirror to pakistani race.. and same applies to india as well (unfortunately). rest is up to you!!!!
The ONLY hope left is IMRAN KHAN and people like Zaid Hamid who can get Pakistan out of this Corrupt current government which is running under the Indian Intelligence, Israel & America and making us live like beggars.
i just wanna add something that i dont agree with zaid hamid kia Hazrat Usman ko marney waley musalman na they us waqat secularism kia tha uska to koi wajood hi na tha us waqat yeah harkat kiun hoi in westren countries what they have are secular leaders yet they prosper masla islamic logoin ka nahi hain key agar hum islamic logoin ko lain to yeah ho ga wo ga na masla yeah hai key kia hum imandar logoin ko latein hai hamain islamic log nahi chahiyeh humain imandar log chahiyean .
@malyakhan1 Hazart Usman k khilaf fitna munafiqo nae kiya tha....
jis tarah aaj kuttae zaleeel harami baghaerat secular hae(jo k es waqt k munafiq hae) tou os waqt bhi munafiqeen thea jinho nae Hazart Usman (as) k khilaf fitna khara kiya aour koch mosalman bhi os mae behgai, aour wo esi fitnae k natijae mae shaeed hogui...........
mae eak din Insha Allah sarae secularo ko qatal kardonga.......... aour es tarah k arz-e-pak mae on ka napak khon nahi bahiga...aesae zaleel tariqae sae,
@nokia5095007 Such kehna bohat mushkil hai aur use se bhi ziyada mushkil such sunna hai. hum logo ko such suna bilkul pasand nahin. Agar koi boley to hum usko Atheist, Qadiani, ya most popular CIA ka agent keh dain gay. Please he is only saying the truth thats all.
@nokia5095007 is ki contribution yeh he hai that he is speaking what we dont want to listen. He is a journalist, he knows alot of ppl get very angry because of what he says his car got attacked with bullets what more of a contribution do you want. What we should all have in ourselves as muslims and as pakistanis is Tolerance we lack immensely. Mere Bhai hum har baat pe larnay ke liye kharey ho jate hai, but in reality dum hai nahin to be honest. Islam bhi yehe tolerance sikhata hai. thats all.
@DaGame4209211101 Pakistani ho k Pakistanis ko pagal bolta hai kaminy tu waqe Pakistani hai ya profile aisi bnaya hua hai or india to pagal b nai gandu maderchod hai
@Ahmad12791 ye jis tarha tum baat kar rahe ho pata chal raha hai k kitne achay ho tum log.. haan hum mein achay aur kaabil banday bhi hain like ali moeen, dr abdul qadeer khan zaid hamid, but sialkot ka waqeya bhi hamare logo ne hi kiya.. wo pagal nai hain kya? aur mai tum sab ko pagal isi liye keh raha hoon k tum log ek 2sre ko gallian de rahe ho fullstop, faida kya hona hai iska..
@Ahmad12791 your language has come from gutter, i dont think you are a pakistani, if he is saying something about pakistan or pakistanis he is only trying to tell what is wrong in our society. Problem is we dont like to be told that we are wrong, we love calling ourselves that we are the best. this is a serious problem coz in reality we are not. This is a bitter truth that he is trying to show us all. Thats all.
@salman501 there are hundreds of rapes & murderes are daily reported in usa india etc how much they show on tv? indian army kills hundreds of innocent people in kashmir how much they show on tv? & you are saying that you don't think im a Pakistani?? ok give me ur adress i pay a visit to ur home then you will find out who im & so are you Pakistani? you seem to me indian or american agent working for america trying to promote the bad image of Pakistan in the world so just STFU & get lost
@Ahmad12791 der u m a Agent CIA, Please mere bhai zara batao na koi acha kaam please i beg you tell me. Itnay hi barey patriot ho to bahir nikal ke koi ek kam to theak se karo, bus bataien karalo. Is bandey per firing hoi hai, but he still says what we all dont want to listen yet inside we know that he is saying the truth. If you want to shut ur eyes be it. I am not saying India acha hai, ya US acha, ya koi aur all I am saying and what this man is saying HUM KO APNEY APP KO THEAK kar na hai.
Watch the program, India: The Legacy of Indus. Indus is one of Hinduism's holy river and our country India derived its name from the river Indua. Long live India!
@alansaralhaq, if this Pakistani The Legacy is written by Pakistani writers then it cant be trusted. The whole words knows that history of pakistan tought in pakistan is very biased. more than 50% is wrong. listen hasan nisar to correct some thing about pakistan.. this is nice guy.
These problems are here becoz Pakistani people dont know how to vote.People of Pakistan always chose criminals to run law & order and safe guard them....
Untill Pakistani Nation will vote like this.....there will be no change.Vote for honest, kind and best man for the job then Pakistan will do wonders.
I can understand your frustration. We all need heroes. You had Osama as Hero for some time till you came to know that it was actually Jews who carried out the WTC attack. You need to fall back on past as you have nothing to show for present not future. Okay for future you can always day dream. But i thought that Pakistan has the rich legacy of Arabs. it was Arabs who setled in Pakistan and became Punjabis, Sindhis and Baloochis. Only Pashtuns remained Pashtuns.
@sixspeedtwin - LOL son of The Indus - i just gave you the history of the INDUS at NO TIME did it involve what is called INDIA today or BHA-RAT other than a period when par tof the Sub Continent was ruled over by Us Muslims of the Indus togeher with our KHORASANI brethren.
@sixspeedtwin - LOL the age old HINDU LIE that we were somehow converted - WRONG. read the posts, the history of PAKISTAN - you will learn the INDUS ppl are nOT ARYANS nor are you backward Hindus ARYANS but they came from elsewhere and did not succeed promoting their vedic bckward inferior culure in The Indus but did so in the region we call Bharat oday - Middle and South of Modern India. There was NO INDIA 1000 yrs ago - there was a SUB CONTINENT of different beliefs, nations and ethnicities.
@ALANSARALHAQ yeah it was not INDIA 1000 years ago. it was BHARAT.. and whatever other shit u have written is nothing better than shit.. no wonder ppl like u have taken pakistan way back to 18th century.. pakistan was better in 1947... now smile :-)
@sixspeedtwin - No Pakistan was part of the wider Islamic World, we love Islam and we are part of the Ummah and our Ummah is a multi cultural and multi lingual found on the four corners of this world. However we did RULE you Brahmins and I guess you were our bitches.
1 thing for sure we were never your bitches.. because that would be a abhorrent thought and a thought that would make me sick to the bone. Let me teach you about the INDUS.
Pakistan, the Indus land, is the child of the Indus in the same way as Egypt is the gift of Nile. The Indus has provided unity, fertility, communication, direction and the entire landscape to the country. Its location marks it as a great divide as well as a link between central Asia and south Asia.
But the historical movements of the people from Central Asia and South Asia have given to it a character of its own and have established closer relation between the people of Pakistan and those of Central Asia in the field of culture, language, literature, food, dress, furniture and folklore.
However, it is the Arabian Sea that has opened the doors for journey beyond to the Arabian world through the Gulf and Red Sea right into the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia and Egypt.It is this Sea voyage that gave to the Indus Land its earliest name of Meluhha because the Indus people were characterized as Malahha (Sailor) in the Babylonian records.
It is for this reason that the oldest civilization of this land, called Indus Civilization, had unbreakable bonds of culture and trade link with the region we call in he modern age he Gulf States of Dubai, Abu Dabi, Sharja, Qatter, Bahrain and right from Oman to Kuwait.
While a Meluhhan village sprang up in ancient Mesopotamia (Modern Iraq), the Indus seals, painted pottery, lapis lazuli and many other items were exchanged for copper, tin and several other objects from Oman and Gulf States. It is to facilitate this trade that the Indus writing was evolved in the same proto-symbolic style as the contemporary cuneiform writing of Mesopotamia.
Much later in history it is the pursuit of this seaward trade that introduced Islam from Arabia in to Pakistan. The twin foundations of cultural link have helped build the stable edifice of Islamic civilization in this country. All these cultural developments are writ-large in the personality of the people of the modern Indus - Pakistan.
As in many other countries of the world, man in Pakistan began with the technology of working on old stone by using quartzite and flint found in Rohri hills and stone pebbles found in the Soan Valley. The oldest stone tool in the world, going back to 2.2 million years old, has been found at Rabat, about fifteen miles away from Rawalpindi, thus breaking the African record.
The largest hand Axe has also been found in the Soan Valley. Although man is still hiding in some corner, the Soan pebble stone age culture show a link with the Hissar Culture in Central Asia. Later about fifty thousand B.C. at Sangho Cave in Mardan District man improved his technology for working on Quartz in order to chase the animal in closed valleys.
Still later he worked on micro quartz and chert or flint and produced arrows, knives, scrapers and blades and hunted the feeling deer and ibexes with bow and arrow. Such an hunting scene is well illustrated on several rock carvings, particularly near Chilas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan along the Karakorum Highway – a style of rock art so well known in the trans- Pamir region of Tajikistan and Kirghizstan.
However, the first settled life began in the eight millennium B.C. when the first village was found at Mehergarh in the Sibi districts of Balochistan comparable with the earliest villages of Jericho in Palestine and Jarmo in Iraq.
Here their mud houses have been excavated and agricultural land known for the cultivation of maize and wheat. Man began to live together in settled social life and used polished stone tools, made pots and pans, beads and other ornaments.
His taste for decoration developed and he began to paint his vessels, jars, bowls, drinking glasses, dishes and plates. It was now that he discovered the advantage of using metals for his tools and other objects of daily use. For the first time in seventh millennium B.C.
Man learnt to use bronze. From the first revolution in his social, cultural and economic life. He established trade relation with the people of Turkamenistan, Uzbekistan, Iran and other Arab world.
Man not only specialized in painting different designs on pottery, made varieties of pots and used cotton and wool but also made terracotta figurines and imported precious stones from Afghanistan and Central Asia
This early bronze age culture spread out in the country side of Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab and North West Frontier Province. And this early beginning led to the concentration of population into small towns. Such as Kot-Diji in Sindh and Rehman Dheri in Dera Ismail Khan District.
It is this social and Cultural change that led to the rise of the famous cities of Mohenjodaro and Harappra, the largest concentration of population including artisans, craftsman, businessmen and rulers.
This culminated in the peak of the Indus Civilization, which was primarily based on intensive irrigated land agriculture and overseas trade and contact with Iran, Gulf States, Mesopotamia and Egypt. Dams were built for storing river water, land was Cultivated by means of bullock- harnessed plough ...
– a system that still prevails in Pakistan, granaries for food storage were built, furnace were used for controlling temperature for making red pottery and various kinds of ornaments, beads of carnelian, agate and terracotta were pierced through, and above all they traded their finished goods with Central Asia and Arab world.
It is these trade divided that enriched the urban populace who developed a new sense of moral honesty, discipline and cleanliness, and above all a social stratification in which the priests and the mercantile class dominated the society.
The picture of high civilization can be gathered only by looking at the city of Mohenjodaro, the first planned city in the world, in which streets are aligned straight, parallels to each other, with a cross streets cutting at right angles. It is through these wide streets that wheeled carriages, ...
,,,wheeled carriages drawn by bulls or asses, moved about, carrying well-adorned persons seated on them, appreciating the closely aligned houses, made of pucca bricks, all running straight along the streets. And then through the middle of the streets ran stone dressed drains covered with stone slabs – a practice of keeping the streets clean from polluted water, for the first time seen in the world.
The Indus Civilization is the first literate Civilization of the subcontinent. The cities were centres of art and craft. Where the artisan produced several kinds of goods that were exported to other countries. Sailing boats sailed out from Mohenjodaro and anchored in the port of the Gulf, which region was perhaps known as Dilmin.
However, it was the city administration that managed the urban life in strict discipline and controlled the trade in their hands. The discipline is derived from the strict practice of meditation (yoga) that was practiced by the elite of the city, who appear to have trimmed their beard and hair combed and tied with golden fillets. ....
The body was covered with a shawl bearing trefoil designs on them. Such a noble man with a sharp nose and long wish eyes shows a contrast with a bronze figurine of a dancing and singing girl, plying music with her fully bang led hand, as we find today with the Cholistan ladies having bangled hands.
Obviously there were distinctive ethnic groups of people in Mohenjodaro but the dominant class of rulers and merchants appear to be distinctive from the rest of the population. It is these literate people who inter- acted with the Arabian people and continued to maintain strict discipline in the society.
There was no concept of nature worship as we find in the Vedas of the Aryans. The ritual consisted of offerings through the intermediary of mythological composite animals to the tree deity. These dose not appear to have been any concept of animals sacrifice nor worship of any idol or idols. The Indus civilization lasted for nearly five hundred years and flourished up to 1750 B.C. when we notice the movements of nomadic tribes in Central Asia.
As a result the Asian trade system was greatly disturbed. Consequently the trade and industry of the Indus people greatly suffered with the result that led to the end of the Civilization. The cities vanished, the noble lost their position. The writing finished. The common people met with the influx of new horse-riding pastoralists who hardly understood the system of irrigated agriculture and hence the value of dams.
Such nomadic tribes are known from the large number of graves and their village settlements all over Swat, Dir and Bajaur right up to Taxila. In the Northern Areas of Pakistan different group of such tribes, known as Dardic people are known from their graves.
Once again it is important to make this distinction from the backward Vedic Civilisation, the Indus Valley BURIED their dead. The tribes of the plains are recognized as different groups of the Aryans from the hilly tribes of the North- the ancestors of the Kalash people and those who now speak Shina, Burushaski and other Kohistani languages.
They had nothing to do with the cities as we find them building small villages nor did they know irrigation. Infect they believed in nature gods, one of them Indra destroyed the dams and spelled disaster on the local Dasyus who differed from them in colour, creed and language. These Aryans conquerors developed there own religion of the Vedas, practiced animal sacrifice and gradually built up tribal kingdoms all over the Indus Valley.
It is important to learn that these Aryans were INVADERS outsiders who came to the Indus. They had nothing to do with the cities as we find them building small villages nor did they know irrigation. Infect they believed in nature gods, one of them Indra destroyed the dams and spelled disaster on the local Dasyus who differed from them in colour, creed and language.
These Aryans conquerors developed there own religion of the Vedas, practiced animal sacrifice and gradually built up tribal kingdoms all over the Indus Valley. Again the distinction needs to be made these Aryans were an inferior culture tot he inhabitants of the NON VEDIC Indus VAlley.
A well known of these Aryans Indra - destroyed the dams and spelled disaster on the local Dasyus who differed from them in COLOUR, CREED and LANGUAGE. These Aryans conquerors developed there own religion of the Vedas, practiced animal sacrifice and gradually built up tribal kingdoms all over the Indus Valley.
The most prominent being that of Gandhara with capitals at Pushkalavati (modern Charsadda) and Taxila, the last having been the older capital of Takshaka, the king of serpent worshippers. Taksha-sila (a Sanskrit word, literally translated in to Persian Mari-Qila) survive in modern Margala. It become the strong hold of the Aryans, whose great epic book Mahabharata was for the first time recited here.
Since that time Takshka-sila or Taxila lying on the western side of Margala remained the capital of the Indus land, which was called Sapta- Sindhu (the land of seven rivers) by the Aryans. It because of this central location, en routs from Central to South Asia that the new capital of Pakistan has been established at Islamabad on the eastern side of Margala hill , ....
thus giving a historical link from the most ancient to modern time and new significance to Pakistan as a link between Central and South Asia.
The city of Taxila began to grow from 6th century B.C. onward when Achaemenian kings by name Cyrus and Darius joined this city by road and postal services with their own capital at Persepolis in Iran.
One can also visit the Achaemenian city at Bhir mound, where old bazaars and royal palace, with long covered drain, have been discovered. Land rout trade with Iran and the west once again started with the issue of coin currency for the first time in the Indus land.
But the most important was the great use of iron technology, which produced several kind of iron tools, weapons and other objects of daily use as known as from the excavations at Taxila.Above all a new writing known as Kharoshti was developed here. At the same time the oldest University of the world was founded at Taxila, where taught the great grammarian Panini, born at the modern village of Lahur in Sawabi district of the Frontier Province.
..It is the basis of this grammar that modern linguistics has been developed. It is in this University that Chandra Gupta Maurya got his education, who later founded the first sub continental empire in South Asia. He developed the Mauryan city at Bhir mound in Taxila, where ruled his grandson, Ashoka, twice as governor. He introduced Buddhism in Gandhara and built the first Buddhist monastery, called Dharmarajika Vihara, at Taxila. ..
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 37;....Ashoka has left behind his Rock Edicts at two palaces, one at Mansehra and another at Shahbazgari, written in Kharoshti. Important to note they practiced Bhuddism and these so called HINDU OVER INFLATED Heroes were educated in the Indus. Another remarkable fact of the Indus Valley Influencing the region the then developed world to the west and north (Afghanistan/Persia onwards and tot he north China) & the undeveloped East whch is INDIA 2day
Long before the Chandra Gupta Maurya Empire (Extent still not proven) the Achaemenian empire, that had extended from Pakistan to Greece and Egypt, had collapsed under the onslaught of Alexander of Macedonia. He first finished with the Greek city states, united the Greeks, and dashed forward to annex the Achaemenian empire and hence proceeded to all those places where the Achaemenian had ruled.
In this march they come to Taxila in 326 B.C. where he was welcomed by the local king Ambhi in his palace at Bhir mound. It is here as well as at Bhira in Jhelum district that Alexander’s remains can be seen. However, he fought the greatest battale on the bank of the Jhelum river opposite the present village of Jalalpur Sharif against Porus, the head of the heroic Puru tribe, whose descendents still supply military personal to the Pakistan army.
Alexander’s battle place was at Mong, where he founded a new city, called Nikea, the city of victory. The other city which he founded was called Bucaphela after the name of his horse that died here. However, the most captivating site is at Jalalpur Shaif, laying on the bank of rivulet Gandaria, perhaps Sikanaria, where Alexander’s monument has now been built on the spot where he stopped for about two months before launching his attack on Porus.
The Achaemenian and Alexander’s contacts with Pakistan are very important from the point of view of educational and Cultural history. The Achaemenian brought the learning and science of Mesopotamia Civilization that enriched the University of Taxila.
They also introduced their administrative system here, on the basis of which the famous book on political science, called Arthasastra was written in Sanskrit language in Taxila by Kautilya, known as Chanakya, ( we all know this devious man all too well a hero adopted by India) the teacher of Chandra Gupta Maurya. It is this book that was adapted for the administrative of the Mauryan empire.
On the basis of Achaemenian currency the Mauryan punch marked coins. So well known in Taxila, were produced. It is their Aramaic writing, used by Achaemenian clerks, that led to the development of Kharoshti in Pakistan and trade with the Semitic world that created the Brahmi writing in India. On the other hand Alexander brought Greek knowledge and science to Taxila and introduced Greek type of coin currency.
It is Taxila that philosophers and men of learning of the two countries met and devlped science, mathematics and astronomy. Above all Alexander left behind large number of Greeks in Central Asia, who founded the Bactrian Greek kingdom in mid-third century B.C. it is the descendants of these Bactrian Greeks who later advanced in to Pakistan and built up the Greek kingdom here and built up their own city at Sirkap in Taxila a great Pakistani city.
The Greeks introduced their language, art and religion in the country of Gandhara, where ruled thirteen Greek kings and queens. Their language lasted more than five hundred years and their art and religion and considerable influence on the flourish of Gandhara Civilization.
Again it is important to note.. a lack of sanskrit or veid influence or progressive influence on this region.
This civilization was the result of interaction of several peoples who followed the Greeks, the Scythians, the Parthians and Kushans who came one the other from Central Asia along the Silk Road and integrated them selves into the local society. It is under their patronage that Buddhism evolved here into its new Mahayana form and this become the religion of the contemporary people in Pakistan. ....
Under their encouragement the Buddhist monks moved along the Silk Road freely and carried this religion to central Asia, China, Korea and Japan. It is again the trade along the silk road that was particularly controlled by the Kushana emperors, who built a mighty empire with Peshawar as their Capital, the boundaries of which extended from the Aral Sea to the Arabian Sea and from Afghanistan to the Bay of Bengal.
It is the dividends of trade that enriched Pakistan and led to the development of Gandhara Art, which mirrors the social, religious and common man’s life of the time. It is an art that was blend of the Greek classical and local arts, which created the finest statues of Buddha and Buddhisatttvas that today decorate the museums all over the world. Important to note Bhuddism flowed into this region from the silk route and influenced the wider area
It is very clear neither did sanskrit nor vedic influence the region, vedic came to the
region through conquering ARYANS.. but was NOT adopted by the wider indigenous people as it was a less developed and less sophisticated civilisation. Hinduism did not exist then as it came into being during the British Raj who coined this word for the first time. Hindu was a Persian name for the back water civilisaiton BEYOND the Indus...
At the same time the sculpture depict the whole life of the Buddha in a manner that is unsurpassed. Many Greek themes, their gods, typical toilet trays, Greek life scenes showing musicians, drinking bouts and love making are presented in there natural fashion. The Kushanas period was the golden age of Pakistan as the Silk Road trade brought unparalleled prosperity to the people of the country.
The luxury items produced in the country enrich the museum at Taxila at that show the Cultural and trends of life of the time. Gandhara art is the high water achievement of the people of Pakistan.
Mahayana Buddhism was the inspiring ideal of the time and the Buddhist stupas and monasteries survive in every nook and corner of the hills. It was this time that the country was known as Kushana-shahar, the land of the Kushanas, to which came the Romanships to carry the luxury goods in exchange for Roman Siler and Gold, that were used by the Kushana emperors and as a result their gold currency flooded the country and all along the Silk road.
It is these Kushana kings who have gifted the national dress of shalwar and kamiz and sherwani to Pakistan. Their dress and decorations are deeply imprinted on the Indus land, that is now Pakistan.
Then came from Central Asia the Huns and the Turks who gave to Pakistan the present ethnic, their Culture, Food and Adab. The Jats, Gakkhars, Janjuas (Jouanjouan of the Chinese) and Gujars all trekked into Pakistan and made their home here.
The Rajput rose and founded the feudal system in Punjab and Sindh in the same way the Pashtuns, who borrowed the surname of Gul and later the title of Khan from the Mongols, their Sardari system in Balochistan, and slowly developed the Wadera practice in the Indus delta region of Sindh.
This feudal arrangements, which was the result of confederated tribes of the Huns, led to new administrative system in the country and created a new form of land management that has lasted until today. The tribes have fused into the agricultural society but their brotherhoods have survived and they have given a permanent character to Pakistan.
In the early eight Century A.D. the Arabs brought Islam in Sindh and Multan built up the kingdom of Al-Mansurah in Sindh. At the same time their east ward Sea trade introduced porcelain and called on were from China and popularized glass were from Iran Syria- new materials that can be seen in the excavations at Bambhore in Sindh.
With the Muslims Turks came the Sufis and Dervishes from Central Asia. Iran and Afghanistan and they spread Islam all over the country. It is Sultan Mahamud of Ghazni who made Lahore- the city of Data Sahib as his second capital. However, the city of Multan become famous as the city of Saints although it lay en route the camel caravan that carried on trade between Pakistan and Central Asia right up to Baku in Azerbaijan.
It is these cities that the famous Muslims monuments of old are to be seen. As a result of the Saintly activity Pakistan become a land of Islamic Civilization.
In several villages and cities we now find the Dargah of these Muslims Saints. While Shahbaz Kalandar is a well known in Sindh, Baba Farid Shakarganj resided over Pak Pattan in Punjab, Buner Baba rules over the Frontier region, and Syed Ali Hamdani is the real Sufi Saint in Kashmir.
The capital city of Islamabad enshrines the well known Golra Sharif and Barri Imam. It is in these Saints who influenced the development of Sufi literature in all the languages of Pakistan and their monumental tombs that attract the people from all the country.
In the old city of Thatta at Makli hill several tombs and Mausoleums are spread over the place that surpass in the beauty of stone carving but much more than this they evidence the historical evolution of architecture from 12th century A.D. to the Mughal time.
This was a period of great change in the historical integration of the people in Pakistan when the country was brought closer to Central Asia and the Arab world. The mixing of several tribes from both these regions transformed the ethnic complex of the country.
Just as in the period of Kushanas of Mahayana type rose here and the Buddhist monks out from this land along the Silk road to carry the massage of the Buddha, now it was the Arabs and the Muslims Saints from Central Asia who came in the reverse direction and flocked in the prosperous land of what we call Pakistan today.
New trade route were opened in the reverse direction from those countries into the Indus land. From the Huns to the Turks the age of cavalry dominated the life scene. Many Rock carvings in Central Punjab show men riding, even standing on horse back and brandishing their swords and shooting arrows. Hence forward Polo game become common and sword dance was common, as seen in the Rock carving near Chilas.
The foundation of Muslims state was firmly laid, in which the dominate position first occupied by the Arabs in Sindh and Multan and later by the Gaznavid and Ghorid Sultans who made the Indus country as their spring board from the onward conquest of The SUB CONTINENT which centuries later would be defined by THE BRITISH as INDIA.
A beautiful monument in memory of sultan Ghori can be seen at Suhawa on the National Highway. It was therefore in the fitness of things that the first missile made in Pakistan was named after Ghori. Several Muslims kingdoms grew up in this country.
Beginning from north we find the Tarkhan ruling dynasty, who came from trans-pamir region here and become supreme in the Gilgit area. The descendent of Shah Mir founded the Muslims Sultanate in Kashmir maintained its independents until the time of the Mughal emperor Akbar.
The Pushtun tribes made their movements and asserted their independence in the land watered by the western branch of the Indus River. The Langhas and later the Arghuns become the Master of Multan.
The Sama ruling dynasty started a new era of Cultural development and prosperity in Sindh. The Baluchis in concert with Brahuis leapt forward not only to build their kingdom in Balochistan but also migrated eastward and northward.
Apart from these political shape of the country, there was an unparalleled development in art and architecture, literature and music, and particularly new social integration took place on the basis of the patronage of local languages, such as Baluchi, Sindhi, Panjabi, Pashto, Kashmiri, Shina and Burushaski. All these languages received literary form with the support of the Muslims rulers and the first time their literatures began to take shape.
They received influence from Arabic and Persian and added many themes from the Folklores as well as from those of Central Asia. Such an unusual developments transformed the society with the stories from Shahnama and Hazar Dastan and with the Folk-tales from Lila-Majnun, Sassi-Punnu and Hir-Ranjha.
The stringed instruments, the dholak and the dhap and also flute and trinklets gave a new tone to the life of the people of Multan, Thatta, Marha Shrif in D.I. Khan, Swat and Kashmir, and finally Gilgit, Hunza and Baltistan created the finest architecture of the time.
That was the period of new religious activity in the country side when Islam become the dominant religion of the people who were directly linked in religious ties with the people of Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey and Arab world.
The migrant people had brought the new technology of straining the horse from Central Asia and Iran. Were ever the horse galloped right up the corner of Bengal and Orissa, the Turks and Afghans advanced from Pakistan and established new empires.
Here the artisans and craftsman gathered in new centre, cities began to grow with new craft mohallas, and they began to specialise in the products of Shawl and carpets in Kashmir, chapkan, chadar and dopatta in Punjab and Chitral and Northern Areas, tile work in Multan, Hala and Hyderabad, block printing in Sindh and fine carpentry in Chiniot, Bhira and Dera Ismail Khan.
As a result several families occupied themselves in traditional crafts and passed them on to their own children. Then came the Mughal emperors, descendent of Amir Timur, who, following the Mongol ruler Changiz Khan, had embarked on building a new world empire on the basis of organizing a new type of cavalry and making a new disciplined army in the unites of hundred and thousand.
Farghana, brought a new taste of poetry, baghicha and architectural forms from the natural environment and landscape from Farghana and Samarqand, latter city reflecting the delicious water of Zarafshan (golden) river.
Baber built his first terraced garden in Kabul and then choose the beautiful spot at Kalda or Kallar Kahar in Chakwal district and built here Bagh-i-Safa on the very spot marked by this throne seat. It was again terraced garden watered by a near by spring
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 75; At the old Bhira on the bank of Jhelum he built a fort and then proceeded to Shah Dara (the Royal pass Gate) that opened his route the city of Lahore. At Shah Dara several garden were laid by by the Mughal noblemen but only one is preserved inside Jahangir tomb that was built by his queen Nur Jehan who lies buried in another mausoleums.
The tomb along with the garden is now desolate. There is also Kamran’s baradari, without the garden, that still defies the flood of the Ravi river. When the Mughal emperors followed Baber one after the other, they choose the old Lahore on the bank of Ravi to their main Urban centres in Punjab.
It was developed as a city of gardens with numerous gardens around but the main Mughal fortress was built in an Island, surrounded by the Ravi on the three sides and only on the east it was joined to the city proper. Here third Mughal emperor Akbar transferred his capital from Agra to meet the challenge of cousin Mirza Hakim.
Here he laid the foundation of a typical Mughal citadel with royal residences, called Akbari Mahal and Jahangiri Mahal, with a prominent Diwan-i-Aam built in the traditional Iranian style, all constructed in red sand stone imported from Rajistan. Later Akbar’s grandson Shah Jehan, the King of architecture, transformed many buildings and renewed to his taste with white marble.
However, his choicest building is the Shish Mahal, the Mirror Palace that was the constructed by the side of a Char-bagh style garden with running water channel and fountains, but later destroyed by the Sikhs, and quadrangles remodelled. Such garden, called Mehtab, can be seen in other quadrangles in the Fort.
The Shish Mahal is the luxurious place of resort particularly during summer months with rest rooms of a long hall at its either end, opening on to the brilliantly dazzling Veranda that looks at the marble paved quadrangle with a fountain in the middle side.
The mirror reflects the stars and the bedrooms presents, in its ceiling, the panorama of a star lit Sky. On the western side there is a unique building of Bengali style, called Naulakha, whose brilliance of precious stone outshone the natural setting of flowers and tree leaves that decorate the walls. Alas ‘ the Sikh and British soldiers have robbed many of the precious stones.
Even then the Shish Mahal, even in its changed character by the Sikhs, presents a dazzling brilliance in its perfect creation by the Mughal emperor Shah Jehan. It is the climax of Mughal luxury surpassed nowhere in the world.
The exterior wall of the Shish Mahal one can see the beautiful mosaic paintings that depict everyday sport of the Mughal princes for the enjoyment of the people who used to gather below the fort not only to have a view of the emperor sitting in the Jharokha but also to admire the brilliance of colour on the wall.
Here one can observe galloping horses, humped camels, elephant ride, hunting scene, animal fights, horse man plying polo or chaughan, camel fights, figures of angels, demon head sand moving clouds, horse and elephant riders crossing Swords and verities of floral and geometrical designs. There are three gates to enter the fort, all three of them showing different tastes.
The Masti (or correctly Masjid) Gate on the east shows Akbar’s taste of red sand stone. The Shahburj gate on the west presents the fine mosaic decorations of the time of Janhangir. The last is the Alamgiri gate built by Emperor Aurangzeb, showing tasteful simple entrance with multiple facetted Tower at either end, crowned by Kiosks.
From Shish Mahal one can have a magnificent view of the Badashahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb on a spot regained after the river Ravi shifted further away. Its magnificent Stair way leading to the elegant red sand stone gate way on the east is highly impressive. It is on the left side that later the tomb of Allama Iqbal was built.
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Prt 90: One can continue presenting the rich vibrant history of this land, from the great Indus he then major region of the world trading with Mesopotamia, Egypt, later Persia, Greece, Rome and Arabia. It had a dark era of ARYAN INVASION who practiced a Vedic "backward" culture which was not widely interpreted by the indidenous, then their end came with Persians and the greeks and then the Turkic nations bringing Islam.. 2be contd...
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Prt 91..later it was part of the Islamic region of KHORASAN (Central Asia) and continued to rogress and develop..At no point was it influenced by Vedics, sanskrits backwater Hindus of present day India. It is important to know the Hindus were not The Aryans but victims too of Aryan Invasion but they had left a lasting legacy of this Vedic, sanskrit faith which he British later defined as Hinduism.
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Prt 92: I would stress to those claiing otherwise to read the entire post. Pakistan is here and we have secured our borders and we will in time reclaim our history too - Hijacked by the legacy of the Aryans.
@ALANSARALHAQ i remember you.you called the hindus "KALE KUTTE ".not so long ago .i find it amusing how pakistanis continuously try define themselves .you are always suffering from identity crises ,low self esteem and inferiority complex .what unhappy souls you people are !it is time to leave your attempt to redefine history and read Freud instead .and let me tell you one thing kutte ko har koi kutta nazar ata hai .do you know what you will do now ?swear at me like a typical fuckistani guy .lol
@prettypinky100 - no an insect like you needs to go and crawl under a rock in the plains of The Ganges where "your kind" came from. I merely told you what Kashmiris are saying in kashmir calling your biuhari, UP and other "hindu opressive soldiers" Kaaley Kuttey go home.
@prettypinky100 If someone from any country abuse ur country, ur color, ur religion & ur race means he is a racist. If Adolf Hitler & Nazi force were Christians & they killed million of human, still it doesn't mean that all Christians are killers
i never hated India or any part of the world, there are rotten eggs every where. i like many things about India & at the same time i don't like many things about India as well, same i think about Pakistan. Don't you think this is +ive way of thinking?
@shamiking1 excellent thought .eveyone ,every race ,every nation are imperfect .we are good and bad at the same time .it is upto us whether we will nurture the good or bad within us .take my best wishes .it is always a pleasure to meet nice people .
pinky ..Pakis killed 3 million of their own citizens in E Pakistan in 1971..the Pak army had expressed orders to kill ALL Hindus..these savages went on killing and raping Bengali people and women. When the time came for them to fight the Indian army, they surrendered..wow!!! THEY DID NOT FIGHT..LOL..why? because these guys are morally bankrupt..biggggggggggg talkers & farters, but non walkers..tell them they will get virgins and thye will go n commit suicide to kill kafirs.
@Rahee1999 there are good & bad ppl every where, i never hated India i like many thing about India @ the same time i dun like many things about India like their policy makers, but it doesn't mean that i start abusing India. I love my Country but still there's many bad thing about my country i don't like most of the politicians. Never hate any religion, culture, race or any color.
Pakistan is based on narrowminded Islamic fanaticism. There is nothign to like here..its simple WRONG to claim a country for a particular belief system. Once broken up from India, Pakistan predictably degenerated into an Islamic terror state with the agenda of either converting or wiping out all non Islamic signs. Today there are 150 terror orgs in Pakistan waging global Jihad. there is nothing here to like or dislike. Pakis hv been ruled by military and do not know ANY better.
hasan nisar is just a shamless motherfucke .He is making hole in sme plate in which he is eating.He realy dont know who is his father.Thats y he is angry=herami hay
@sixspeedtwin - do you know history\? you are the son of a backwater civilisation that sprung around the Ganges - sons of Somnath. Indus was Pakistan - became part of Khorasan - we neither look like you half dravidian scum nor di we speak like you nor do we have the same culture. The Indus was neither Hindu nor vedic..in the last 62 yrs while we were building creating our Pakistan you bastards stole our hsitory too :)
@sixspeeddtwin - The INdus was from Kashmir to Karachi and was older than any civilisation inc entral asia or what you call India today. India did not exist until the British came up wth name. The Hindus had no wujood no religion until the British supported you. INDIA is a CONTINENT where you hijacked ALL the nations of the Sub Continent, We have all lived on our land, we are the INdus, we are ISlamic Khorasan we were Mughalistan we CONQUERED you inferior things.
India needs 3-4 Zaid Hamids and Pakistan will be finished.
truekafir 4 weeks ago
zaid hameed khar jhot khor.pakistani qom k bawaqoof samjta hai.
activitystart 2 months ago
i agree with you mr nissar n hamid
MFarazSheikh 3 months ago
he is good n right
raza3125 3 months ago
He is a sharif badmash. Money maker.
s3d58 3 months ago
well i am an indian... a sikh...... what ever he is sayin is true.....india mein bhi inki baat hoo ba hoo laagoo hoti hai.....yeh politicians naslan badmaash hain......so true... aur yahan hindu parasti ya gora parasti ka sawaal hi paida nahi hota.....yeh to baat hi nafs ki hai agar main theek hoon....india is so full of bloody corrupt people.....here in australia if someone say muslims are bad i always argue with them in favour of muslims....does it make me a muslim parast...pls reply s3d58
pinaka11 5 months ago
@pinaka11
People can be so ignorant. It does not make these people Muslim by just saying they are Muslim. You are more Muslim than these people. Islam is not a group or a gang, its an idea. In this idea these people don't fit and will never fit.
In this world there are only two religions Black and white. U and me, we are of white religion and these people can call themselves Muslims but they are from black religion.
myinfotech001 1 month ago
Nisar ,a perfect lunatic and paraniod journalist whose fans are only indian Hindus. He is an unpakistani.He has delivered nothing except his biased views against muslims.He will stop speaking against Pakistanis,Arabs and the Muslim Umma when the Indian would change their mind and stop paying him any more.Until then be prepare to listen to his bullshit No nation in this world is perfect.I think even the pimps & prostitutes would never speak the dirty language he is using against muslims.
s3d58 5 months ago in playlist Hassan Nisar
@s3d58 whosoever understands hassan nisar is his fan. he's the first intellectual who has differentiated between race and religion. Arabs, Turks is a race. Muslim is anyone who follows islam. and when u associate ur so called glorified past, that past belongs to Arabs, not pakistanis / Asians. pakistan's past is only 63 years old. what u have achieved out of 4 wars? nothing! He is showing mirror to pakistani race.. and same applies to india as well (unfortunately). rest is up to you!!!!
puneetm3 4 months ago
Hassan Nisar shab ko sun ker deemg kul gaya or Zaid hamid jase log le kar he dube ge hum ko
IMRAN3521 6 months ago
Zaid is very Handsome !
qnouman 6 months ago
ASA,
The ONLY hope left is IMRAN KHAN and people like Zaid Hamid who can get Pakistan out of this Corrupt current government which is running under the Indian Intelligence, Israel & America and making us live like beggars.
Long Live Pakistan and the Patriots of Pakistan.
irfanch7861 6 months ago
hassan nisar is the only gud pakistani others r shits..
Sanatandharma007 7 months ago
@Sanatandharma007 Only wali soch se niklo !
qnouman 6 months ago
PAKISTANS ki jo badmaash element hai ," woh NASLAN BADMAASH hai" ,,,,,so true
Hassan sahab couldnt put it any better.
BABAMUGHALBABASAHEB 7 months ago
kiun key islam to munaqiq ka bhi tha
malyakhan1 8 months ago
i just wanna add something that i dont agree with zaid hamid kia Hazrat Usman ko marney waley musalman na they us waqat secularism kia tha uska to koi wajood hi na tha us waqat yeah harkat kiun hoi in westren countries what they have are secular leaders yet they prosper masla islamic logoin ka nahi hain key agar hum islamic logoin ko lain to yeah ho ga wo ga na masla yeah hai key kia hum imandar logoin ko latein hai hamain islamic log nahi chahiyeh humain imandar log chahiyean .
malyakhan1 8 months ago
@malyakhan1 Hazart Usman k khilaf fitna munafiqo nae kiya tha....
jis tarah aaj kuttae zaleeel harami baghaerat secular hae(jo k es waqt k munafiq hae) tou os waqt bhi munafiqeen thea jinho nae Hazart Usman (as) k khilaf fitna khara kiya aour koch mosalman bhi os mae behgai, aour wo esi fitnae k natijae mae shaeed hogui...........
mae eak din Insha Allah sarae secularo ko qatal kardonga.......... aour es tarah k arz-e-pak mae on ka napak khon nahi bahiga...aesae zaleel tariqae sae,
saber karo
theProudMoslim 8 months ago
@theProudMoslim i am still waitng
malyakhan1 4 months ago
@malyakhan1 just pray that Allah give me some powers then I will do what I promised Insha Allah :)
theProudMoslim 4 months ago
hassan nisar is right...
javediqbal740 1 year ago
Very right Nisar Saheb, yes there are families having noooooooooooooooooooo character.
sabkt 1 year ago
what is daanishvar?
jerrizneeru 1 year ago
Hassan Nisar is biggest mother fucker indian ass licker... Zaid Hamid Zindbad!!
Ahmad12791 1 year ago
Hasan nisar Zehni Mareen hai or Muslim say Mughz Rakhta hai na Jany kon hain Qadiani ya Atheist
nokia5095007 1 year ago
@nokia5095007 Such kehna bohat mushkil hai aur use se bhi ziyada mushkil such sunna hai. hum logo ko such suna bilkul pasand nahin. Agar koi boley to hum usko Atheist, Qadiani, ya most popular CIA ka agent keh dain gay. Please he is only saying the truth thats all.
salman501 11 months ago
@salman501 yar main manta hoon is ki bohat si bateen theek hain koi shak nai per khud ye kon hain Muslim nai ? pakistani nai
tu is ki kia contribution hai ? can u tell me /?
nokia5095007 11 months ago
@nokia5095007 is ki contribution yeh he hai that he is speaking what we dont want to listen. He is a journalist, he knows alot of ppl get very angry because of what he says his car got attacked with bullets what more of a contribution do you want. What we should all have in ourselves as muslims and as pakistanis is Tolerance we lack immensely. Mere Bhai hum har baat pe larnay ke liye kharey ho jate hai, but in reality dum hai nahin to be honest. Islam bhi yehe tolerance sikhata hai. thats all.
salman501 11 months ago
@salman501 ok bye
nokia5095007 11 months ago
TUM SAB K SAB PAKISTANI AUR INDIANS PAGAL HO!!
DaGame4209211101 1 year ago
@DaGame4209211101 Pakistani ho k Pakistanis ko pagal bolta hai kaminy tu waqe Pakistani hai ya profile aisi bnaya hua hai or india to pagal b nai gandu maderchod hai
Ahmad12791 1 year ago
@Ahmad12791 ye jis tarha tum baat kar rahe ho pata chal raha hai k kitne achay ho tum log.. haan hum mein achay aur kaabil banday bhi hain like ali moeen, dr abdul qadeer khan zaid hamid, but sialkot ka waqeya bhi hamare logo ne hi kiya.. wo pagal nai hain kya? aur mai tum sab ko pagal isi liye keh raha hoon k tum log ek 2sre ko gallian de rahe ho fullstop, faida kya hona hai iska..
DaGame4209211101 1 year ago
@Ahmad12791 your language has come from gutter, i dont think you are a pakistani, if he is saying something about pakistan or pakistanis he is only trying to tell what is wrong in our society. Problem is we dont like to be told that we are wrong, we love calling ourselves that we are the best. this is a serious problem coz in reality we are not. This is a bitter truth that he is trying to show us all. Thats all.
salman501 11 months ago
@salman501 there are hundreds of rapes & murderes are daily reported in usa india etc how much they show on tv? indian army kills hundreds of innocent people in kashmir how much they show on tv? & you are saying that you don't think im a Pakistani?? ok give me ur adress i pay a visit to ur home then you will find out who im & so are you Pakistani? you seem to me indian or american agent working for america trying to promote the bad image of Pakistan in the world so just STFU & get lost
Ahmad12791 11 months ago
@Ahmad12791 der u m a Agent CIA, Please mere bhai zara batao na koi acha kaam please i beg you tell me. Itnay hi barey patriot ho to bahir nikal ke koi ek kam to theak se karo, bus bataien karalo. Is bandey per firing hoi hai, but he still says what we all dont want to listen yet inside we know that he is saying the truth. If you want to shut ur eyes be it. I am not saying India acha hai, ya US acha, ya koi aur all I am saying and what this man is saying HUM KO APNEY APP KO THEAK kar na hai.
salman501 11 months ago
Watch the program, India: The Legacy of Indus. Indus is one of Hinduism's holy river and our country India derived its name from the river Indua. Long live India!
ZooniIndian 1 year ago
Zaid hamid kuti ka bacha bakwas karta hai. Ye pakistan ka baal thakrey hai.
Hassan nissar albata sahi baat karta hai
l031786 1 year ago
as a Pakistani I respect the views of Hassan Nisar.These are radical but they are not out of context.
aamirmp1 1 year ago
@alansaralhaq, if this Pakistani The Legacy is written by Pakistani writers then it cant be trusted. The whole words knows that history of pakistan tought in pakistan is very biased. more than 50% is wrong. listen hasan nisar to correct some thing about pakistan.. this is nice guy.
fikarmat 1 year ago
@fikarmat the whole world knows one history and pakistan knows another history .it is sad but true .
prettypinky100 1 year ago
These problems are here becoz Pakistani people dont know how to vote.People of Pakistan always chose criminals to run law & order and safe guard them....
Untill Pakistani Nation will vote like this.....there will be no change.Vote for honest, kind and best man for the job then Pakistan will do wonders.
aliabideen 1 year ago
ALANSARALHAQ,
I can understand your frustration. We all need heroes. You had Osama as Hero for some time till you came to know that it was actually Jews who carried out the WTC attack. You need to fall back on past as you have nothing to show for present not future. Okay for future you can always day dream. But i thought that Pakistan has the rich legacy of Arabs. it was Arabs who setled in Pakistan and became Punjabis, Sindhis and Baloochis. Only Pashtuns remained Pashtuns.
singhrex 1 year ago
@sixspeedtwin - LOL son of The Indus - i just gave you the history of the INDUS at NO TIME did it involve what is called INDIA today or BHA-RAT other than a period when par tof the Sub Continent was ruled over by Us Muslims of the Indus togeher with our KHORASANI brethren.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 2
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@ALANSARALHAQ
which madrassas hv u been studying Alan? yar you gonna get that 72 yr old virgin for such devotion.
Rahee1999 1 year ago
@ALANSARALHAQ u r a muslims CONVERT!
showingthetruth 1 year ago
@sixspeedtwin - LOL the age old HINDU LIE that we were somehow converted - WRONG. read the posts, the history of PAKISTAN - you will learn the INDUS ppl are nOT ARYANS nor are you backward Hindus ARYANS but they came from elsewhere and did not succeed promoting their vedic bckward inferior culure in The Indus but did so in the region we call Bharat oday - Middle and South of Modern India. There was NO INDIA 1000 yrs ago - there was a SUB CONTINENT of different beliefs, nations and ethnicities.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 3
Comment removed
siddharth123dey 1 year ago
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@ALANSARALHAQ yeah it was not INDIA 1000 years ago. it was BHARAT.. and whatever other shit u have written is nothing better than shit.. no wonder ppl like u have taken pakistan way back to 18th century.. pakistan was better in 1947... now smile :-)
siddharth123dey 1 year ago
@sixspeedtwin - No Pakistan was part of the wider Islamic World, we love Islam and we are part of the Ummah and our Ummah is a multi cultural and multi lingual found on the four corners of this world. However we did RULE you Brahmins and I guess you were our bitches.
1 thing for sure we were never your bitches.. because that would be a abhorrent thought and a thought that would make me sick to the bone. Let me teach you about the INDUS.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
PAKISTAN the legacy of the INDUS VALLEY prt 1;
Pakistan, the Indus land, is the child of the Indus in the same way as Egypt is the gift of Nile. The Indus has provided unity, fertility, communication, direction and the entire landscape to the country. Its location marks it as a great divide as well as a link between central Asia and south Asia.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
The Indus Valley Part 2;
But the historical movements of the people from Central Asia and South Asia have given to it a character of its own and have established closer relation between the people of Pakistan and those of Central Asia in the field of culture, language, literature, food, dress, furniture and folklore.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the INDUS VALLEY prt 3;
However, it is the Arabian Sea that has opened the doors for journey beyond to the Arabian world through the Gulf and Red Sea right into the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia and Egypt.It is this Sea voyage that gave to the Indus Land its earliest name of Meluhha because the Indus people were characterized as Malahha (Sailor) in the Babylonian records.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
The Indus Valley Part 4;
It is for this reason that the oldest civilization of this land, called Indus Civilization, had unbreakable bonds of culture and trade link with the region we call in he modern age he Gulf States of Dubai, Abu Dabi, Sharja, Qatter, Bahrain and right from Oman to Kuwait.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus Valley prt 4;
While a Meluhhan village sprang up in ancient Mesopotamia (Modern Iraq), the Indus seals, painted pottery, lapis lazuli and many other items were exchanged for copper, tin and several other objects from Oman and Gulf States. It is to facilitate this trade that the Indus writing was evolved in the same proto-symbolic style as the contemporary cuneiform writing of Mesopotamia.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of The Indus Valley prt 5;
Much later in history it is the pursuit of this seaward trade that introduced Islam from Arabia in to Pakistan. The twin foundations of cultural link have helped build the stable edifice of Islamic civilization in this country. All these cultural developments are writ-large in the personality of the people of the modern Indus - Pakistan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of The Indus Valley prt 5;
As in many other countries of the world, man in Pakistan began with the technology of working on old stone by using quartzite and flint found in Rohri hills and stone pebbles found in the Soan Valley. The oldest stone tool in the world, going back to 2.2 million years old, has been found at Rabat, about fifteen miles away from Rawalpindi, thus breaking the African record.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus Valley prt 6;
The largest hand Axe has also been found in the Soan Valley. Although man is still hiding in some corner, the Soan pebble stone age culture show a link with the Hissar Culture in Central Asia. Later about fifty thousand B.C. at Sangho Cave in Mardan District man improved his technology for working on Quartz in order to chase the animal in closed valleys.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus VAlley prt 7;
Still later he worked on micro quartz and chert or flint and produced arrows, knives, scrapers and blades and hunted the feeling deer and ibexes with bow and arrow. Such an hunting scene is well illustrated on several rock carvings, particularly near Chilas in the Northern Areas of Pakistan along the Karakorum Highway – a style of rock art so well known in the trans- Pamir region of Tajikistan and Kirghizstan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus Valley Prt 8;
However, the first settled life began in the eight millennium B.C. when the first village was found at Mehergarh in the Sibi districts of Balochistan comparable with the earliest villages of Jericho in Palestine and Jarmo in Iraq.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus Valley Prt 9;
Here their mud houses have been excavated and agricultural land known for the cultivation of maize and wheat. Man began to live together in settled social life and used polished stone tools, made pots and pans, beads and other ornaments.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of th Indus Valley Part 10;
His taste for decoration developed and he began to paint his vessels, jars, bowls, drinking glasses, dishes and plates. It was now that he discovered the advantage of using metals for his tools and other objects of daily use. For the first time in seventh millennium B.C.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus Valley Part 11;
Man learnt to use bronze. From the first revolution in his social, cultural and economic life. He established trade relation with the people of Turkamenistan, Uzbekistan, Iran and other Arab world.
Man not only specialized in painting different designs on pottery, made varieties of pots and used cotton and wool but also made terracotta figurines and imported precious stones from Afghanistan and Central Asia
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus Valley Part 12;
This early bronze age culture spread out in the country side of Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab and North West Frontier Province. And this early beginning led to the concentration of population into small towns. Such as Kot-Diji in Sindh and Rehman Dheri in Dera Ismail Khan District.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the legacy of the Indus Valley Part 13;
It is this social and Cultural change that led to the rise of the famous cities of Mohenjodaro and Harappra, the largest concentration of population including artisans, craftsman, businessmen and rulers.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 14;
This culminated in the peak of the Indus Civilization, which was primarily based on intensive irrigated land agriculture and overseas trade and contact with Iran, Gulf States, Mesopotamia and Egypt. Dams were built for storing river water, land was Cultivated by means of bullock- harnessed plough ...
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 15;
– a system that still prevails in Pakistan, granaries for food storage were built, furnace were used for controlling temperature for making red pottery and various kinds of ornaments, beads of carnelian, agate and terracotta were pierced through, and above all they traded their finished goods with Central Asia and Arab world.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 16;
It is these trade divided that enriched the urban populace who developed a new sense of moral honesty, discipline and cleanliness, and above all a social stratification in which the priests and the mercantile class dominated the society.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 17;
The picture of high civilization can be gathered only by looking at the city of Mohenjodaro, the first planned city in the world, in which streets are aligned straight, parallels to each other, with a cross streets cutting at right angles. It is through these wide streets that wheeled carriages, ...
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 18;
,,,wheeled carriages drawn by bulls or asses, moved about, carrying well-adorned persons seated on them, appreciating the closely aligned houses, made of pucca bricks, all running straight along the streets. And then through the middle of the streets ran stone dressed drains covered with stone slabs – a practice of keeping the streets clean from polluted water, for the first time seen in the world.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 19;
The Indus Civilization is the first literate Civilization of the subcontinent. The cities were centres of art and craft. Where the artisan produced several kinds of goods that were exported to other countries. Sailing boats sailed out from Mohenjodaro and anchored in the port of the Gulf, which region was perhaps known as Dilmin.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 20;
However, it was the city administration that managed the urban life in strict discipline and controlled the trade in their hands. The discipline is derived from the strict practice of meditation (yoga) that was practiced by the elite of the city, who appear to have trimmed their beard and hair combed and tied with golden fillets. ....
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 21;
The body was covered with a shawl bearing trefoil designs on them. Such a noble man with a sharp nose and long wish eyes shows a contrast with a bronze figurine of a dancing and singing girl, plying music with her fully bang led hand, as we find today with the Cholistan ladies having bangled hands.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 22;
Obviously there were distinctive ethnic groups of people in Mohenjodaro but the dominant class of rulers and merchants appear to be distinctive from the rest of the population. It is these literate people who inter- acted with the Arabian people and continued to maintain strict discipline in the society.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 23;
There was no concept of nature worship as we find in the Vedas of the Aryans. The ritual consisted of offerings through the intermediary of mythological composite animals to the tree deity. These dose not appear to have been any concept of animals sacrifice nor worship of any idol or idols. The Indus civilization lasted for nearly five hundred years and flourished up to 1750 B.C. when we notice the movements of nomadic tribes in Central Asia.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 24;
As a result the Asian trade system was greatly disturbed. Consequently the trade and industry of the Indus people greatly suffered with the result that led to the end of the Civilization. The cities vanished, the noble lost their position. The writing finished. The common people met with the influx of new horse-riding pastoralists who hardly understood the system of irrigated agriculture and hence the value of dams.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 25;
Such nomadic tribes are known from the large number of graves and their village settlements all over Swat, Dir and Bajaur right up to Taxila. In the Northern Areas of Pakistan different group of such tribes, known as Dardic people are known from their graves.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 26;
Once again it is important to make this distinction from the backward Vedic Civilisation, the Indus Valley BURIED their dead. The tribes of the plains are recognized as different groups of the Aryans from the hilly tribes of the North- the ancestors of the Kalash people and those who now speak Shina, Burushaski and other Kohistani languages.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakisan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 27;
They had nothing to do with the cities as we find them building small villages nor did they know irrigation. Infect they believed in nature gods, one of them Indra destroyed the dams and spelled disaster on the local Dasyus who differed from them in colour, creed and language. These Aryans conquerors developed there own religion of the Vedas, practiced animal sacrifice and gradually built up tribal kingdoms all over the Indus Valley.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 28;
It is important to learn that these Aryans were INVADERS outsiders who came to the Indus. They had nothing to do with the cities as we find them building small villages nor did they know irrigation. Infect they believed in nature gods, one of them Indra destroyed the dams and spelled disaster on the local Dasyus who differed from them in colour, creed and language.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 29;
These Aryans conquerors developed there own religion of the Vedas, practiced animal sacrifice and gradually built up tribal kingdoms all over the Indus Valley. Again the distinction needs to be made these Aryans were an inferior culture tot he inhabitants of the NON VEDIC Indus VAlley.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 30;
A well known of these Aryans Indra - destroyed the dams and spelled disaster on the local Dasyus who differed from them in COLOUR, CREED and LANGUAGE. These Aryans conquerors developed there own religion of the Vedas, practiced animal sacrifice and gradually built up tribal kingdoms all over the Indus Valley.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 31;
The most prominent being that of Gandhara with capitals at Pushkalavati (modern Charsadda) and Taxila, the last having been the older capital of Takshaka, the king of serpent worshippers. Taksha-sila (a Sanskrit word, literally translated in to Persian Mari-Qila) survive in modern Margala. It become the strong hold of the Aryans, whose great epic book Mahabharata was for the first time recited here.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 32;
Since that time Takshka-sila or Taxila lying on the western side of Margala remained the capital of the Indus land, which was called Sapta- Sindhu (the land of seven rivers) by the Aryans. It because of this central location, en routs from Central to South Asia that the new capital of Pakistan has been established at Islamabad on the eastern side of Margala hill , ....
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 33;
thus giving a historical link from the most ancient to modern time and new significance to Pakistan as a link between Central and South Asia.
The city of Taxila began to grow from 6th century B.C. onward when Achaemenian kings by name Cyrus and Darius joined this city by road and postal services with their own capital at Persepolis in Iran.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of he Indus Valley Part 34;
One can also visit the Achaemenian city at Bhir mound, where old bazaars and royal palace, with long covered drain, have been discovered. Land rout trade with Iran and the west once again started with the issue of coin currency for the first time in the Indus land.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 35;
But the most important was the great use of iron technology, which produced several kind of iron tools, weapons and other objects of daily use as known as from the excavations at Taxila.Above all a new writing known as Kharoshti was developed here. At the same time the oldest University of the world was founded at Taxila, where taught the great grammarian Panini, born at the modern village of Lahur in Sawabi district of the Frontier Province.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 36;
..It is the basis of this grammar that modern linguistics has been developed. It is in this University that Chandra Gupta Maurya got his education, who later founded the first sub continental empire in South Asia. He developed the Mauryan city at Bhir mound in Taxila, where ruled his grandson, Ashoka, twice as governor. He introduced Buddhism in Gandhara and built the first Buddhist monastery, called Dharmarajika Vihara, at Taxila. ..
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 37;....Ashoka has left behind his Rock Edicts at two palaces, one at Mansehra and another at Shahbazgari, written in Kharoshti. Important to note they practiced Bhuddism and these so called HINDU OVER INFLATED Heroes were educated in the Indus. Another remarkable fact of the Indus Valley Influencing the region the then developed world to the west and north (Afghanistan/Persia onwards and tot he north China) & the undeveloped East whch is INDIA 2day
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 38;
Long before the Chandra Gupta Maurya Empire (Extent still not proven) the Achaemenian empire, that had extended from Pakistan to Greece and Egypt, had collapsed under the onslaught of Alexander of Macedonia. He first finished with the Greek city states, united the Greeks, and dashed forward to annex the Achaemenian empire and hence proceeded to all those places where the Achaemenian had ruled.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of he Indus Valley Part 39;
In this march they come to Taxila in 326 B.C. where he was welcomed by the local king Ambhi in his palace at Bhir mound. It is here as well as at Bhira in Jhelum district that Alexander’s remains can be seen. However, he fought the greatest battale on the bank of the Jhelum river opposite the present village of Jalalpur Sharif against Porus, the head of the heroic Puru tribe, whose descendents still supply military personal to the Pakistan army.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 40;
Alexander’s battle place was at Mong, where he founded a new city, called Nikea, the city of victory. The other city which he founded was called Bucaphela after the name of his horse that died here. However, the most captivating site is at Jalalpur Shaif, laying on the bank of rivulet Gandaria, perhaps Sikanaria, where Alexander’s monument has now been built on the spot where he stopped for about two months before launching his attack on Porus.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 41;
The Achaemenian and Alexander’s contacts with Pakistan are very important from the point of view of educational and Cultural history. The Achaemenian brought the learning and science of Mesopotamia Civilization that enriched the University of Taxila.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 42;
They also introduced their administrative system here, on the basis of which the famous book on political science, called Arthasastra was written in Sanskrit language in Taxila by Kautilya, known as Chanakya, ( we all know this devious man all too well a hero adopted by India) the teacher of Chandra Gupta Maurya. It is this book that was adapted for the administrative of the Mauryan empire.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 43;
On the basis of Achaemenian currency the Mauryan punch marked coins. So well known in Taxila, were produced. It is their Aramaic writing, used by Achaemenian clerks, that led to the development of Kharoshti in Pakistan and trade with the Semitic world that created the Brahmi writing in India. On the other hand Alexander brought Greek knowledge and science to Taxila and introduced Greek type of coin currency.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 44;
It is Taxila that philosophers and men of learning of the two countries met and devlped science, mathematics and astronomy. Above all Alexander left behind large number of Greeks in Central Asia, who founded the Bactrian Greek kingdom in mid-third century B.C. it is the descendants of these Bactrian Greeks who later advanced in to Pakistan and built up the Greek kingdom here and built up their own city at Sirkap in Taxila a great Pakistani city.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 45;
The Greeks introduced their language, art and religion in the country of Gandhara, where ruled thirteen Greek kings and queens. Their language lasted more than five hundred years and their art and religion and considerable influence on the flourish of Gandhara Civilization.
Again it is important to note.. a lack of sanskrit or veid influence or progressive influence on this region.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 46;
This civilization was the result of interaction of several peoples who followed the Greeks, the Scythians, the Parthians and Kushans who came one the other from Central Asia along the Silk Road and integrated them selves into the local society. It is under their patronage that Buddhism evolved here into its new Mahayana form and this become the religion of the contemporary people in Pakistan. ....
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 47;
Under their encouragement the Buddhist monks moved along the Silk Road freely and carried this religion to central Asia, China, Korea and Japan. It is again the trade along the silk road that was particularly controlled by the Kushana emperors, who built a mighty empire with Peshawar as their Capital, the boundaries of which extended from the Aral Sea to the Arabian Sea and from Afghanistan to the Bay of Bengal.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 48;
It is the dividends of trade that enriched Pakistan and led to the development of Gandhara Art, which mirrors the social, religious and common man’s life of the time. It is an art that was blend of the Greek classical and local arts, which created the finest statues of Buddha and Buddhisatttvas that today decorate the museums all over the world. Important to note Bhuddism flowed into this region from the silk route and influenced the wider area
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of the Indus Valley Part 49;
It is very clear neither did sanskrit nor vedic influence the region, vedic came to the
region through conquering ARYANS.. but was NOT adopted by the wider indigenous people as it was a less developed and less sophisticated civilisation. Hinduism did not exist then as it came into being during the British Raj who coined this word for the first time. Hindu was a Persian name for the back water civilisaiton BEYOND the Indus...
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 50;
At the same time the sculpture depict the whole life of the Buddha in a manner that is unsurpassed. Many Greek themes, their gods, typical toilet trays, Greek life scenes showing musicians, drinking bouts and love making are presented in there natural fashion. The Kushanas period was the golden age of Pakistan as the Silk Road trade brought unparalleled prosperity to the people of the country.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 51;
The luxury items produced in the country enrich the museum at Taxila at that show the Cultural and trends of life of the time. Gandhara art is the high water achievement of the people of Pakistan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 52;
Mahayana Buddhism was the inspiring ideal of the time and the Buddhist stupas and monasteries survive in every nook and corner of the hills. It was this time that the country was known as Kushana-shahar, the land of the Kushanas, to which came the Romanships to carry the luxury goods in exchange for Roman Siler and Gold, that were used by the Kushana emperors and as a result their gold currency flooded the country and all along the Silk road.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 53;
It is these Kushana kings who have gifted the national dress of shalwar and kamiz and sherwani to Pakistan. Their dress and decorations are deeply imprinted on the Indus land, that is now Pakistan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 54;
Then came from Central Asia the Huns and the Turks who gave to Pakistan the present ethnic, their Culture, Food and Adab. The Jats, Gakkhars, Janjuas (Jouanjouan of the Chinese) and Gujars all trekked into Pakistan and made their home here.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 55;
The Rajput rose and founded the feudal system in Punjab and Sindh in the same way the Pashtuns, who borrowed the surname of Gul and later the title of Khan from the Mongols, their Sardari system in Balochistan, and slowly developed the Wadera practice in the Indus delta region of Sindh.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 56;
This feudal arrangements, which was the result of confederated tribes of the Huns, led to new administrative system in the country and created a new form of land management that has lasted until today. The tribes have fused into the agricultural society but their brotherhoods have survived and they have given a permanent character to Pakistan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 57;
In the early eight Century A.D. the Arabs brought Islam in Sindh and Multan built up the kingdom of Al-Mansurah in Sindh. At the same time their east ward Sea trade introduced porcelain and called on were from China and popularized glass were from Iran Syria- new materials that can be seen in the excavations at Bambhore in Sindh.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 58;
With the Muslims Turks came the Sufis and Dervishes from Central Asia. Iran and Afghanistan and they spread Islam all over the country. It is Sultan Mahamud of Ghazni who made Lahore- the city of Data Sahib as his second capital. However, the city of Multan become famous as the city of Saints although it lay en route the camel caravan that carried on trade between Pakistan and Central Asia right up to Baku in Azerbaijan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 59;
It is these cities that the famous Muslims monuments of old are to be seen. As a result of the Saintly activity Pakistan become a land of Islamic Civilization.
In several villages and cities we now find the Dargah of these Muslims Saints. While Shahbaz Kalandar is a well known in Sindh, Baba Farid Shakarganj resided over Pak Pattan in Punjab, Buner Baba rules over the Frontier region, and Syed Ali Hamdani is the real Sufi Saint in Kashmir.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 60;
The capital city of Islamabad enshrines the well known Golra Sharif and Barri Imam. It is in these Saints who influenced the development of Sufi literature in all the languages of Pakistan and their monumental tombs that attract the people from all the country.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 60;
In the old city of Thatta at Makli hill several tombs and Mausoleums are spread over the place that surpass in the beauty of stone carving but much more than this they evidence the historical evolution of architecture from 12th century A.D. to the Mughal time.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 61;
This was a period of great change in the historical integration of the people in Pakistan when the country was brought closer to Central Asia and the Arab world. The mixing of several tribes from both these regions transformed the ethnic complex of the country.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 62;
Just as in the period of Kushanas of Mahayana type rose here and the Buddhist monks out from this land along the Silk road to carry the massage of the Buddha, now it was the Arabs and the Muslims Saints from Central Asia who came in the reverse direction and flocked in the prosperous land of what we call Pakistan today.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 63;
New trade route were opened in the reverse direction from those countries into the Indus land. From the Huns to the Turks the age of cavalry dominated the life scene. Many Rock carvings in Central Punjab show men riding, even standing on horse back and brandishing their swords and shooting arrows. Hence forward Polo game become common and sword dance was common, as seen in the Rock carving near Chilas.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 64;
The foundation of Muslims state was firmly laid, in which the dominate position first occupied by the Arabs in Sindh and Multan and later by the Gaznavid and Ghorid Sultans who made the Indus country as their spring board from the onward conquest of The SUB CONTINENT which centuries later would be defined by THE BRITISH as INDIA.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 64;
A beautiful monument in memory of sultan Ghori can be seen at Suhawa on the National Highway. It was therefore in the fitness of things that the first missile made in Pakistan was named after Ghori. Several Muslims kingdoms grew up in this country.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of the Indus Valley Prt 65;
Beginning from north we find the Tarkhan ruling dynasty, who came from trans-pamir region here and become supreme in the Gilgit area. The descendent of Shah Mir founded the Muslims Sultanate in Kashmir maintained its independents until the time of the Mughal emperor Akbar.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valey Prt 66;
The Pushtun tribes made their movements and asserted their independence in the land watered by the western branch of the Indus River. The Langhas and later the Arghuns become the Master of Multan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 67;
The Sama ruling dynasty started a new era of Cultural development and prosperity in Sindh. The Baluchis in concert with Brahuis leapt forward not only to build their kingdom in Balochistan but also migrated eastward and northward.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 68;
Apart from these political shape of the country, there was an unparalleled development in art and architecture, literature and music, and particularly new social integration took place on the basis of the patronage of local languages, such as Baluchi, Sindhi, Panjabi, Pashto, Kashmiri, Shina and Burushaski. All these languages received literary form with the support of the Muslims rulers and the first time their literatures began to take shape.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 69;
They received influence from Arabic and Persian and added many themes from the Folklores as well as from those of Central Asia. Such an unusual developments transformed the society with the stories from Shahnama and Hazar Dastan and with the Folk-tales from Lila-Majnun, Sassi-Punnu and Hir-Ranjha.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 70;
The stringed instruments, the dholak and the dhap and also flute and trinklets gave a new tone to the life of the people of Multan, Thatta, Marha Shrif in D.I. Khan, Swat and Kashmir, and finally Gilgit, Hunza and Baltistan created the finest architecture of the time.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 71;
That was the period of new religious activity in the country side when Islam become the dominant religion of the people who were directly linked in religious ties with the people of Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey and Arab world.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan the Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 70;
The migrant people had brought the new technology of straining the horse from Central Asia and Iran. Were ever the horse galloped right up the corner of Bengal and Orissa, the Turks and Afghans advanced from Pakistan and established new empires.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 71;
Here the artisans and craftsman gathered in new centre, cities began to grow with new craft mohallas, and they began to specialise in the products of Shawl and carpets in Kashmir, chapkan, chadar and dopatta in Punjab and Chitral and Northern Areas, tile work in Multan, Hala and Hyderabad, block printing in Sindh and fine carpentry in Chiniot, Bhira and Dera Ismail Khan.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 72;
As a result several families occupied themselves in traditional crafts and passed them on to their own children. Then came the Mughal emperors, descendent of Amir Timur, who, following the Mongol ruler Changiz Khan, had embarked on building a new world empire on the basis of organizing a new type of cavalry and making a new disciplined army in the unites of hundred and thousand.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 73;
Farghana, brought a new taste of poetry, baghicha and architectural forms from the natural environment and landscape from Farghana and Samarqand, latter city reflecting the delicious water of Zarafshan (golden) river.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 74;
Baber built his first terraced garden in Kabul and then choose the beautiful spot at Kalda or Kallar Kahar in Chakwal district and built here Bagh-i-Safa on the very spot marked by this throne seat. It was again terraced garden watered by a near by spring
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 75; At the old Bhira on the bank of Jhelum he built a fort and then proceeded to Shah Dara (the Royal pass Gate) that opened his route the city of Lahore. At Shah Dara several garden were laid by by the Mughal noblemen but only one is preserved inside Jahangir tomb that was built by his queen Nur Jehan who lies buried in another mausoleums.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 76;
The tomb along with the garden is now desolate. There is also Kamran’s baradari, without the garden, that still defies the flood of the Ravi river. When the Mughal emperors followed Baber one after the other, they choose the old Lahore on the bank of Ravi to their main Urban centres in Punjab.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 77;
It was developed as a city of gardens with numerous gardens around but the main Mughal fortress was built in an Island, surrounded by the Ravi on the three sides and only on the east it was joined to the city proper. Here third Mughal emperor Akbar transferred his capital from Agra to meet the challenge of cousin Mirza Hakim.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 78;
Here he laid the foundation of a typical Mughal citadel with royal residences, called Akbari Mahal and Jahangiri Mahal, with a prominent Diwan-i-Aam built in the traditional Iranian style, all constructed in red sand stone imported from Rajistan. Later Akbar’s grandson Shah Jehan, the King of architecture, transformed many buildings and renewed to his taste with white marble.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 79;
However, his choicest building is the Shish Mahal, the Mirror Palace that was the constructed by the side of a Char-bagh style garden with running water channel and fountains, but later destroyed by the Sikhs, and quadrangles remodelled. Such garden, called Mehtab, can be seen in other quadrangles in the Fort.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 80;
The Shish Mahal is the luxurious place of resort particularly during summer months with rest rooms of a long hall at its either end, opening on to the brilliantly dazzling Veranda that looks at the marble paved quadrangle with a fountain in the middle side.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 81;
The mirror reflects the stars and the bedrooms presents, in its ceiling, the panorama of a star lit Sky. On the western side there is a unique building of Bengali style, called Naulakha, whose brilliance of precious stone outshone the natural setting of flowers and tree leaves that decorate the walls. Alas ‘ the Sikh and British soldiers have robbed many of the precious stones.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 82;
Even then the Shish Mahal, even in its changed character by the Sikhs, presents a dazzling brilliance in its perfect creation by the Mughal emperor Shah Jehan. It is the climax of Mughal luxury surpassed nowhere in the world.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 83;
The exterior wall of the Shish Mahal one can see the beautiful mosaic paintings that depict everyday sport of the Mughal princes for the enjoyment of the people who used to gather below the fort not only to have a view of the emperor sitting in the Jharokha but also to admire the brilliance of colour on the wall.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 84;
Here one can observe galloping horses, humped camels, elephant ride, hunting scene, animal fights, horse man plying polo or chaughan, camel fights, figures of angels, demon head sand moving clouds, horse and elephant riders crossing Swords and verities of floral and geometrical designs. There are three gates to enter the fort, all three of them showing different tastes.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 4
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Part 85;
The Masti (or correctly Masjid) Gate on the east shows Akbar’s taste of red sand stone. The Shahburj gate on the west presents the fine mosaic decorations of the time of Janhangir. The last is the Alamgiri gate built by Emperor Aurangzeb, showing tasteful simple entrance with multiple facetted Tower at either end, crowned by Kiosks.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 3
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Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Valley Prt 86;
From Shish Mahal one can have a magnificent view of the Badashahi Masjid built by Aurangzeb on a spot regained after the river Ravi shifted further away. Its magnificent Stair way leading to the elegant red sand stone gate way on the east is highly impressive. It is on the left side that later the tomb of Allama Iqbal was built.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 3
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Prt 90: One can continue presenting the rich vibrant history of this land, from the great Indus he then major region of the world trading with Mesopotamia, Egypt, later Persia, Greece, Rome and Arabia. It had a dark era of ARYAN INVASION who practiced a Vedic "backward" culture which was not widely interpreted by the indidenous, then their end came with Persians and the greeks and then the Turkic nations bringing Islam.. 2be contd...
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 3
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Prt 91..later it was part of the Islamic region of KHORASAN (Central Asia) and continued to rogress and develop..At no point was it influenced by Vedics, sanskrits backwater Hindus of present day India. It is important to know the Hindus were not The Aryans but victims too of Aryan Invasion but they had left a lasting legacy of this Vedic, sanskrit faith which he British later defined as Hinduism.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 3
Pakistan The Legacy of The Indus Prt 92: I would stress to those claiing otherwise to read the entire post. Pakistan is here and we have secured our borders and we will in time reclaim our history too - Hijacked by the legacy of the Aryans.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago 3
@ALANSARALHAQ i remember you.you called the hindus "KALE KUTTE ".not so long ago .i find it amusing how pakistanis continuously try define themselves .you are always suffering from identity crises ,low self esteem and inferiority complex .what unhappy souls you people are !it is time to leave your attempt to redefine history and read Freud instead .and let me tell you one thing kutte ko har koi kutta nazar ata hai .do you know what you will do now ?swear at me like a typical fuckistani guy .lol
prettypinky100 1 year ago
@prettypinky100 - no an insect like you needs to go and crawl under a rock in the plains of The Ganges where "your kind" came from. I merely told you what Kashmiris are saying in kashmir calling your biuhari, UP and other "hindu opressive soldiers" Kaaley Kuttey go home.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
@prettypinky100 If someone from any country abuse ur country, ur color, ur religion & ur race means he is a racist. If Adolf Hitler & Nazi force were Christians & they killed million of human, still it doesn't mean that all Christians are killers
i never hated India or any part of the world, there are rotten eggs every where. i like many things about India & at the same time i don't like many things about India as well, same i think about Pakistan. Don't you think this is +ive way of thinking?
shamiking1 1 year ago
@shamiking1 excellent thought .eveyone ,every race ,every nation are imperfect .we are good and bad at the same time .it is upto us whether we will nurture the good or bad within us .take my best wishes .it is always a pleasure to meet nice people .
prettypinky100 1 year ago
@prettypinky100
pinky ..Pakis killed 3 million of their own citizens in E Pakistan in 1971..the Pak army had expressed orders to kill ALL Hindus..these savages went on killing and raping Bengali people and women. When the time came for them to fight the Indian army, they surrendered..wow!!! THEY DID NOT FIGHT..LOL..why? because these guys are morally bankrupt..biggggggggggg talkers & farters, but non walkers..tell them they will get virgins and thye will go n commit suicide to kill kafirs.
Rahee1999 1 year ago
@Rahee1999 you are right .take my best wishes bye .
prettypinky100 1 year ago
@Rahee1999 there are good & bad ppl every where, i never hated India i like many thing about India @ the same time i dun like many things about India like their policy makers, but it doesn't mean that i start abusing India. I love my Country but still there's many bad thing about my country i don't like most of the politicians. Never hate any religion, culture, race or any color.
Good Bye
shamiking1 1 year ago
@shamiking1
Pakistan is based on narrowminded Islamic fanaticism. There is nothign to like here..its simple WRONG to claim a country for a particular belief system. Once broken up from India, Pakistan predictably degenerated into an Islamic terror state with the agenda of either converting or wiping out all non Islamic signs. Today there are 150 terror orgs in Pakistan waging global Jihad. there is nothing here to like or dislike. Pakis hv been ruled by military and do not know ANY better.
Rahee1999 1 year ago
@shamiking1 Once broken up from India, Pakistan predictably degenerated into an Islamic terror state. HAHA
Now Sikh need Khalistan, Nexals also need another state & yes Aasam also dun want to live under HINDU RAJ.
Pakistan was not broken from India we actually dont like to stay under any raj.
yes there are are 150+ terror groups but still we cant break the crime records of India. well dont worry about Pakistan. do something for Poor India.
C ya
shamiking1 1 year ago
@ALANSARALHAQ shut up.... porki.. indus civillisation is hindu pakis never contributed in anything... jokers ha ha ha
kalkibhagwan 6 months ago
This has been flagged as spam show
hasan nisar is just a shamless motherfucke .He is making hole in sme plate in which he is eating.He realy dont know who is his father.Thats y he is angry=herami hay
davedadam 1 week ago
@ALANSARALHAQ What does all this have to do with Pakistan?
kkpanjaje 1 year ago
@ALANSARALHAQ are you out of your mind? get lost
faziljaved 1 year ago
Hassan Nissar would critiscise Khalifah Rashida if he were alive then.. a RAT.
ALANSARALHAQ 1 year ago
this is awesome clip mate
Jalalpore 1 year ago
Hassan Nisaar is a drunk scholar
if u really know his reality u would know it yar
junaidjak 1 year ago
@sixspeedtwin - do you know history\? you are the son of a backwater civilisation that sprung around the Ganges - sons of Somnath. Indus was Pakistan - became part of Khorasan - we neither look like you half dravidian scum nor di we speak like you nor do we have the same culture. The Indus was neither Hindu nor vedic..in the last 62 yrs while we were building creating our Pakistan you bastards stole our hsitory too :)
DevilishhhhGuy 1 year ago
@sixspeeddtwin - The INdus was from Kashmir to Karachi and was older than any civilisation inc entral asia or what you call India today. India did not exist until the British came up wth name. The Hindus had no wujood no religion until the British supported you. INDIA is a CONTINENT where you hijacked ALL the nations of the Sub Continent, We have all lived on our land, we are the INdus, we are ISlamic Khorasan we were Mughalistan we CONQUERED you inferior things.
DevilishhhhGuy 1 year ago