Thermodynamic Temperature

[ronathangator]

Temperature is not a property of individual atoms but is defined by the motion of a collection of atoms relative to each other.

On Earth the average velocity of molecules to be around 700 m/s at room temperature. Now suppose that an astronaut orbiting the Earth at 50 km/s looks at the velocities of molecules relative to the spacecraft. The velocities would be 50 km/s. The observer would conclude the Earth was very hot.

Temperature is defined as an average velocity about the center of mass.

[KimmyPossible]

I fucking love The Cassiopeia Project

[greentiles2]

Love the weird laugh at the end :)

[Deeredman4]

ah I see so Pressure = number of atoms times temperature of those atoms divided by the volume of the container (times the amount of gas molecules that are always present at any giving time)?

[bmdeerwester]

11 thousand billion kelvin? why not just say 11 trillion?

[Typho0n86]

@bmdeerwester Americans are retarded

[bmdeerwester]

@Typho0n86 Crickey!

[joebharris]

Thanks for shining the light of knowledge to us in such an entertaining way!

[Abs9106]

Equation of state oh yh

[vintageozarks]

For 40 years I have believed it possible for a person to use their minds to change their physical vibration so one could move from point a to point b, like the Star Trek crew did with the machine. But i do not believe we need a machine. I am now in my 60s and am still attempting what I call 'molecular EM transport.' I no longer care who knows I think this is possible. This video clarified what I need to work on. Thank you.

[TheFiberone]

@vintageozarks I am working on it too.

[23GrandMasterK]

God it's good to be alive. I love science.

[dyslexicdays]

@23GrandMasterK Please don't use religious dogma in the eyes of Science.I hope you are just goofing on the god thing.

[CptBarimba]

If temperature is speed of atoms, that means that there's also absolute /heat/, which would be reached if atoms would move with speed of light. Right?

[EarthB00]

Relativity prohibits that. Yes, the kinetic energy will increase, but the change in velocity is marginal close to c.

[beliha]

@CptBarimba No, as far as we know there is no upper limit for Heat.

The speed of light doesn't limit energy absorption. When objects start

moving close to the speed of light, Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity

comes into play. As an object approaches the speed of light, it seems to

get heavier. Experiments show that an infinite amount of energy is required

to boost an atom to the speed of light. An object with infinite energy

could be an infinite temperature.

[Shockszzbyyous]

@CptBarimba since atoms have mass the can't move at the speed of light thuss never reache "absolut heat "

[KamiKagutsuchi]

3:47 :S scary

[nishbrown]

He he he!  Sneaky!!

[mabhekaphansi]

Nice basic physics, and well explained.

[TheReasonWhyGuy]

I just wish that schools would show videos like this.

Who knows, maybe I'll teach using things like this if I end up becoming a teacher. ^O^

[mabhekaphansi]

Well said! LOL, yes, should you become a teacher, use stuff like this to teach. I already do, and it makes it much easier for people to understand what I am telling them. In my talks to schools and to students I want more to get the CONCEPTS behind the physics understood, not only the processes themselves - I try for the students to experience the "wow!" factor. LOL, there is no greater feeling than to see the light of understanding begin to burn in a child's eyes.

[MitsuomiTakayanagiEC]

That's one thing schools can't seem to learn is that if they make it interesting and present the information in a way they can relate to then it becomes interesting and they will want to learn it willingly instead of forcefully

[mabhekaphansi]

You state a great truth. It is far better to lead someone to understanding than to drive them to understanding; and it should be fun all the way. When I teach young children I become a child myself, and it works.

Anyone who tries to make a distinction between education and entertainment doesn't know the first thing about either.

- Marshall McLuhan

[mik99D]

I am a physics lecturer and I DO use these types of videos in the classroom. We have a big smart board screen and a good surround sound system and black-out curtains. So it is enjoyable for both me and the students.

[AlphaCrucis]

@mik99D

I wish I could take your classes!

[dangerouslytalented]

I understand everything RIGHT UP TO THE POINT where equations become involved.

[eydos]

I loved the laugh at the end:)

[AeroJimE27]

Snuck that one in on you, Didnt we? LMAO!!!

[HolidayNova]

relativity

[bigblakblob2]

ok i'm confused, what is in the extra cubic meter besides that 1 hydrogen atom? just.. nothing? what is nothing?

[devourerofbabies]

Nothing. Some photons and some gravitons maybe. A handful of neutrinos.

[oexnorth]

Wait, what is the R constant multiplier at the end?

[Skandranonsg]

Because the way we measure some of the variables is arbitrary, they don't translate from one to the other directly.

It's called the "Ideal Gas Constant" 8.314472...

It functions pretty much the same way that pi does, by translating the numbers in the equation so they come out right.

[oexnorth]

That last sentence kind of made me wished I hadn't favorited this video.

Still good though, and still worth favoriting.

[weeeezzll]

"Snuck that one in on ya didn't we? Hahahahah"

Diabolical!

[320iguy]

nice, i remember that formula from Chem II

[niiidar]

The guy is so happy. I bet he's doped XD

[pyxlated]

He sounds so happy. =)

[secularisrael]

Very nice, but temperature can be generalized beyond particle velocities. It is, more generally, the ratio between energy change and entropy change, or in other words how much energy change is distributed throughout the system. This allows defining temperatures for things which aren't moving particles.

[BadAzVLo]

That laugh was absurd.

But seriously, this is the best channel on YouTube.

[doglyfe4444]

what is absolute zero??? theres always a degree less than a degree. like theres always one higher than the highest number you can think of.

[Phsymorph]

Heat is really just vibration of atoms. The more they vibrate the hotter it is, less vibration is colder. Absolute zero is the point where there is no vibration at all. That is why it is called absolute zero and why it is impossible with colder temperatures.

[Waldheri]

Yes, but like the video said: Temperature is actually a measurement of the kinetic energy of atoms. Faster moving particles == Higher temperature. No movement == Absolute zero. There is no temperature below this because one cannot move slower than not moving.

[ShaCRaM]

the absolite zero is like -271 celsius and it can be colder because at that point no atoms are moving.

[isreasontaboo]

Absolute zero is no motion at all. You can't go slower than not moving at all.

[beriukay]

I think it is important to say relative motion, at least on the macro scale. Because there are no special locations in the universe, you will always appear to have motion to someone at some reference point. You may be motionless *within* the Milky Way, but you are rushing towards Andromeda at about 300,000 miles per hour.

[isreasontaboo]

I know what you mean but even without being able to measure it don't we have motion relative to space-time itself?

[beriukay]

Good question.

[horriblereason]

friction = heat amirite?

[Youanden]

heat is a byproduct of friction.

[mdiem]

friction = force

heat = energy

energy = force x distance

[WhatisaJugallo]

Force x distance is work (energy transference) not energy. By that equation an object cannot have potential energy which runs into problems with classical mechanics when an object is at rest.

[mdiem]

it's just a quick cheat sheet of equations to be able to tell the difference between horriblereason was asking about.

Work and energy are equivalent; they have the same units.

Potential energy can be converted to work and thus exert a force over a distance.

e.g. potential energy = 2 kg * 4 m * g = 8g Nm of work energy.

[antaresrichard]

An equation! My innumerate pea brain... the pressure... It just exploded, shattering my bliss!

;-)

[anglaismoyen]

It just appeared before I could pause the video and meditate into the right state for equations. Snuck it in, indeed!

[NotJames1]

I like the laugh at the end

[maioca17]

hehehe lol :P

[bla34112]

oh man im glad i subscribed.

[DaDaWgLLS]

Awesome stuff.

[ComingSoon1984]

If we go only to Pluto, then the temperate is in the -1000's, although it is close to the sun. How is the temperature in outer space zero, although there are no stars within billions of light years?

[dysturbyte]

// -1000s? //

Minus thousands on what scale?

Google "absolute zero".

Zero degrees Kelvin is the lowest possible temperature at −273.15°C. We live at the very low end of the temperature scale.

[CriticalAtheist]

You're mistaken. Absolute zero = 0 K = -273.15C. Pluto's temperature is between 43-53K. It does receive 1/1000th less light than the Earth, so maybe that's where that figure comes from.

[mordinvan]

1/1000th less? or 1/1000 ?

The difference is rather large and kinda important.

[CriticalAtheist]

Sorry I wrote 'less'. Pluto receives 1/1000th the light Earth receives.

[barakameek]

i guess other people have already told you..but the temp of pluto is only in the -100s not -1000s

it does not really matter if you use C or F cos they both become about the same number when you get really cold.

and the coldest any thing can get is as said before -273C

i think you should rewatch this video. cos you kinda missed the point about WHAT temp really is.

as its the movment of the atoms. movement = temp.

[sgtbigs22]

-1000's? I think you made multiple typing errors in this message, maybe you should clarify because no one can be this uneducated.

[1PercentRDA]

Do you create all the graphics yourself? Impressive skills!

[controlledentropy]

one critical point : at the time when the narration says "at a tiny fraction of a degree above absolute zero", the video depicts a melting icicle. the melting point of water is 273K. pretty far off.

[Remagoen]

I thought that too, but I think they are using it more for a metaphor than anything else.

[EstanBulLoFre]

Or it's one hell of a mindfuck used to corrupt the minds of our youth. First it's melting icicles, next it's turning into commie bastards and killing freedom as we know it.

...I may be wrong, but I like to think otherwise.

[bionicdemon36]

wtf? "snuck that one in on u, didnt we. hehehehe." that is wierd.

[leejw00t354]

I know I was like wtf as well

[studio7manga]

Well done and educational. I didn't know about the speed of an atom slightly above absolute zero.

[joshTheGoods]

"snuck that one in on ya didn't we?"

I was yelling PV-nRT at my screen the whole time!

[jebus6kryst]

Loved it.

[SparkyLen]

My physics education is rather out-of-date... please tell me when 'degrees Kelvin' became simply 'Kelvin' and why the change was made...?

After all, I was taught that Kelvin was the scaling of the temperature, and that degrees was the actual value... :-O

[DarwinsChihuahua]

Until the 13th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 19671968, the unit kelvin was called a "degree", the same as with the other temperature scales at the time. It was distinguished from the other scales with either the adjective suffix "Kelvin" ("degree Kelvin") or with "absolute" ("degree absolute") and its symbol was °K. - Wikipedia :-)

[CBUEngineer]

Wow. My thermo teacher spent almost an entire semestre trying to get us to understand that and you made it simple enough for me in 4 minutes. Awesome!

[Gesmehod]

The Race for Absolute Zero is an interesting watch.

[pointCOUNTERpoint01]

Great vid.

[datRock]

The beginning of this has some layman-esque info that is just wrong. A single atom has no temperature. 1) Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of a collection of atoms, and 2) we neglect the kinetic energy from the motion of the center of mass. Additionally, @ 1:15 it shows a single atom moving in a single direction at constant speed, that's fine, but this could confuse people into forgetting the both of the above 2 points. I could go on, but the points above are particularly bad=)

[deconverts]

Don't forget the God constant in your equation.

[cursingyorick]

If temp = movement, doesn't this also mean that temp. is relative just like movement?

[datRock]

Bingo, we neglect the energy from velocity of the center of mass when dealing with molecular dynamics in statistical mechanics. Good eye

[johnycannuk]

Back in highschool chem, we used to call that equation at the end the "pervert" formula

:)

[datRock]

Ever hear about the molecular weight kitty cat?

M=D*R*T/P

cat's always put dirt over pee :P

[Ryagful]

11.000 billion??????????

now that's HOT!

[johnbananawarrior]

BBQ

[cyberdemon107]

lol you troll us

[isegoria1]

You don't know unless you ask - so I will ask,

I was told some where along the way that molecular/atomic movement stops when something is submersed in a liquid such as nitrogen or oxygen. Is this even close to true? I do know the 2 temps are in fact completely different from each other. What is the fact?

[RandallLord]

False. Liquid nitrogen or oxygen are not at absolute zero (zero Kelvin). Therefore they still have motion. They do cool the immersed object to their temperature. As the video explains, when you insert a cool item, like a thermometer, into your mouth, it cools you down slightly and you raise its temperature until you are both at the same temperature. If you immerse a warm object into liquid nitrogen, you will cool the object and warm the liquid nitrogen.

[isegoria1]

Thanks for clearing that up.

[HumanStrategy]

"molecular/atomic movement stops when..."

It is a fundamental law of physics that there is no such thing as zero motion of a particle at that scale. The term "liquid" simply loses nearly all meaning when considering the level and scope of what we're talking about here.

[datRock]

There are ways to differentiate between phases at the molecular level, but at the moment, molecular dynamics methodology for considering the interface between solid and liquid is a bit fuzzy like you said. It often comes down to how close it resembles randomness or an ordered structure, the interface is sketchy as you might assume.

[cyberdemon107]

Theoretically, it will stop, but if it is brought to absolute zero. But liquid nitrogen is quite far from it. Nitrogen boils at -195 degrees celsius (and oxygen higher), and even solid helium melts at -272 C, just one degree above absolute zero.

Scientists have gotten very close to cooling to absolute zero, but they never achieved it. It's like the speed of light, the closer you get, the more energy you have to spend to achieve less, so even making it 0.00000000000K cooler is that much harder.

[isegoria1]

Loving all the responses here, for once I am actually learning something here and YouTube. Thanks to everyone for clearing this up.