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  • I dont get it

  • Think the theorization of time is due to space constantly expanding?

  • im an engineer but watching this stuff kinda makes me wish i chose physics, as nerdy as it sounds this stuff is fucken cool! thankyou lenard susskind

  • @dbob1048 nerdy? why nerdy? it's called; interested in the world in which you live! And you can follow this lectures to understand the world around you. I study psychology, I'm 18 and I hate it. I love physics but I made the wrong choice by dropping physics in highschool (I live in the Netherlands so I can drop subjects, not sure how that works in America).

  • Slow paced, but gives a very solid foundation for the topic. Very thorough. Seems like accelerating reference frame comes from the non-zero divergence of the field. Otherwise what sense does it make to say it's accelerating , but nothing is really moving or gaining velocity. Is space accelerating into the mass?  How can we have acceleration without velocity change? Maybe future lecture will address this...

  • @stenniswood if space itself is converging into point masses then where is it going to? Another universe? As raw material for the expanding edges of our universe?

  • @MrAlutchman76 - well the first thing that comes to mind is 'time'. It's the other variable which is affected by acceleration. So it would seem that matter is a converter of space into time. Whatever matter is, it somehow eats space and turns it into time. And it must take a lot of space to insert a little bit of time. Time slows down (dilation) in gravitational fields and space disappears. Reminds me of 'yeast' which converts sugar into alcohol.

  • Damn, it is reaaaally slow paced Oo"

    Is it supposed to be adressed to Bachelors students ?

  • thank u so much for the videos..:)

  • so hes a jew? interesting how his life now and e=mc² are connected in many ways then. O.O

  • Awesome... Anyone else here wanna mail him a thankyou letter? Help me find his e-mail... What an amazing theorist<< I promise I'll keep your work alive Professor Susskind!

  • What??? i've los almost 4 hours watching the first lecture and this one and when he finally stops talking about Newtonian Gravitation and is suposed to begin talking about general relativity, he says "Idon't wanna talk about relativity, I wanna talk about geometry!" ..... I mean, don't make me waste my time.

    I don`t mean to dksrespect, specially when it's about Prof. Susskind, because I admire him.... but come'on

  • @tonyxon You can't understand general relativity without a deep understanding of geometry. Don't criticize if you don't know anything about this subject

  • @tonyxon That little round button at the bottom of the Flash display does something called "seeking". Try it out.

  • @tonyxon general relativity is the disturbance of fourth dimensional spatial dimensions that make up space-time in the presence of mass, i would take time to listen to the fundamentals.

  • Respond to this video... i meant spatial geometry*

  • I didn't read through all of the comments, so I apologize if this has already been addressed. He gets the surface integral right, but not the volume integral. That integral is still the integral of del dot A, which is still -4piGrho. -4piG is constant, and the volume integral of rho is just M. Now the 4pi cancels and the R^2 from the other side makes A=-GM/R^2, as it of course must. The actual mistake happens around 45:00 when he's writing the right side of the equation.

  • @zjak8

    I guess I should have said that M is the mass enclosed by the Gaussian surface. You really only have to find that equation once: if R is less than the planetary radius, the only contribution to the acceleration is the mass "below" (ie within R) the test mass, and if R is greater than the planetary radius, the mass enclosed is the total mass, so the whole planet contributes to the acceleration.

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  • he lost a 4pi.

  • just don't bother my pink pig in class he'll get mad.

  • May I bring my farm pig to science class?

  • Spanish (Original).

    Hola. Yo necesito tu correo electrónico para yo enviarle a usted una nueva idea acerca de una posible nueva ecuación para la energía cinética relativista. Gracias por tu atención. Atentamente: José Gregorio Guevara Pérez desde la ciudad de Valencia, pais Venezuela. Mi correo electrónico es JGGP36@Yahoo.com.

  • English language, translated from the Spanish language by Babel Fish.

    Hello. I need your electronic mail I to send to you a new idea about a possible new equation for the relativistic kinetic energy. Thanks for your attention. Kindly: Jose Gregorio Guevara Perez from the city of Valencia, Venezuela country. My electronic mail is JGGP36@Yahoo.com.

  • This lecture sponsored by: TD ameritrade

  • I honestly don't know how these students go to Stanford, and how Dr. Susskind has the patience to answer them. He deserves better students with significantly SMALLER egos!

    Dear Stanford Admissions, give me a chance to revolutionize the scientific world!

  • @leeamsi it's a continuing education class. They are not students.

  • The first time I watched this, I immediately took that question at 13:45 to be the usual confusion between DE and DM. That *seems* to me to be the way Professor Susskind took it. But this time through, it occurs to me to wonder if he's also saying that even the graviton is not involved in the repulsive force.

  • I am amazed by the thousands of scientists and students who (to varying degrees), since 1915, learned and mastered all the subtleties of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity.

  • i love susskind lol

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  • It just make me smile every time Prof. Susskind call the white board "black board". Other than that he's such a great educator. I wish i can attend his classes one day.

  • The person wondering about the 4pi that doesn't cancel is correct. The equation should have been:

    A 4pi r^2=(-4pi G)(4/3 pi rho r^3)

    which means A = -4/3 G pi rho r

  • Why do the people ask so many stupid questions? They aggravate me!

  • I don't really see the simplicity of Gauss's Law over Newton's equations... it seems the only benefit is in being able to calculate accelerations inside of spherical masses? But once outside the sphere, they both treat masses at point sources, and Newton's equation allows you to sum up any number of particles... whereas I don't see how you would do this with Gauss's Law / Theorem? i.e. It seems the integral of mass density over a sphereical volume would only work for one particle?

  • Excellent lecture. Very understandable and very thorough. What a treat to be able to access this.

  • Einstein Made a Mistake... Fabric of Space and Time is only a Fabricated theory.. there is no Dark Energy.. it's only a Force of Space Compressions.

  • When he is approximating the angle the light ray gets deflected, why does he not take the inverse tangent of the y-comp velocity over the x-comp velocity? Is it because the values are almost the same?

  • @babashroud Exactly right; probably also because the angle expressed as a simple ratio is a more intuitive number than a number involving a tangent.

  • @babashroud for small angles tan^-1(O/A) is approximately equal to just O/A, where O is the opposite side length to the angle and A is the adjacent side length to the angle, for angles less than 17 degrees this is accurate to 2 decimal places, and the smaller the angle gets the more accurate the approximation is

  • Does Dark matter have dark energy? is it related in some ways?

  • haha

    less than a quarter made it to the next video

  • "I guess I should elaborate on what I mean by relative" lmao, you don't even understand what you're asking? dear god keep your fucking hand down then

  • @rollingstoneblues These students aren't regular college students. They're old people taking night classes. I guarantee you that the average Stanford student taking a GR course is orders of magnitude smarter than any of the 'students' in this video.

  • To me this "dark mater" sounds very similar to the luminiferous ether. What evidences we have about it?

  • Mrmig I guess you're a pathetic american! Yet another online loser! Get back to jackin off over online porn and your pathetic life. Loser!

  • D: Thank you so much! I've been struggling with my GR course at the moment because the lecturer, lovely as he is, doesn't explain things as well as he should. Now I understand what the metric actually is and as a result why there's two indices on it and why it's used in finding the lengths of things. "to bring the indices up and down" was the explanation given which left me frustrated. Thanks again! :)

  • Heartfelt thanks to Professor Susskind and Stanford for making these beautiful ideas available to me. I am following all of the series.

  • And the comments relating to the student questions seem a bit boorish too, don't you think?

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  • These students are low calibre! They can't even re-arrange a simple equation. My grade 9 have a better understanding about simple mathematics

  • @rollingstoneblues your mom is low calibre in bed

  • These students are low calibre!

  • omg wtf is with these questions?

  • you can give us feedbacks and resolutions.

  • i got a question: when he talked about the gravitational field inside the earth, he said that the acceleration grows linearly with the distance (as the equation shows), but shouldnt the acceleration get smaller with the distance since the mass (to reasons unclear to me) isnt a factor? (only the tensity was and we took that as constant)

    if the question is unclear pls let me try to rephrase it, im not a native speaker...

    thanks

  • @gulaschsuppm ah, i think i got it. i wrote befor really thinking about it. the force grows when you get closer to the earth but the acceleration decreases.

  • @gulaschsuppm

    Acceleration because of mass grows with density times the new volume as you go out (which goes as the radius cubed), but the acceleration falls off with the radius squared (from Newton's equation). After all these things are taken into account, as you go out from the center of the sphere, you gain acceleration equal to the density times the volume (r^3) divided by the r^2 falloff, for a total gain of r^1 while you're moving outward from the sphere and gaining mass as the density.

  • @gulaschsuppm anwser us! the gravity seems to be a pig.

  • Take note that in the discussion of the gravitational field at some radius R inside the earth taken from the center of the earth, that Leonard had dropped a 4pi. Perhaps you may have caught this. So, the g field at radius R inside the earth is actually: G*p*pi*R*4/3

  • shit, he's the slowest teacher i've seen in my life

  • @jimmykilledkeith

    Who taught you? light?

  • the cosmological constant may not, itself, increase with time. however the force it exerts on the universe obviously does as the universe increases in size. dark energy has created the increase in expansion for only 2 billion years- it could very well be a 5th fundamental force that is decoupling from the gravitational force. if this is true then, eventually it should increase with time exponentially for a brief time, t => 0,causing a second inflation.it will then become a true constant.

  • Thanks for posting these lectures by Dr. Susskind

  • Thanks Stanford University for posting these lectures

  • saw when he messed up....he canceled out the 4 pi's

  • calculus 3 makes sense now ;)

  • 18:04 never forget

  • Thanks a lot to Standford University, it's dificult to find the RG theory...

    thanks from Peru. Greetings

  • i got this book called A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIME BY STEPHEN HAWKING ALL HIS LECTURES ARE RELATED TO IT VERY DEEPLY MANY PHRASES THAT THIS PROF USES ARE IN THE BOOK I THINK HE READ IT OR MEMORIZED IT BUT STILL WHEN I HOLD THE BOOK IN MY HAND AND START READING AS I HEAR HIM IT BECOMES MORE CLEAR.

  • hey where is the closed captioning??

  • the clip stalls at 0:45:14

  • At 47.39 time to reach earth's centre is t = sqrt(2r/g) where r = radius of earth. Assumes no terminal velocity due to wind resistance and acceleration constant at 10 m/s2. If r is 5 miliion metres, this gives over 4000 seconds - periodic time is thus 16000 sec or about 5hrs. Without the 2 (unreallistic) assumptions of course period is much longer

    It isn't difficult to get the eqn without calculus

    F=MmG/R^2 a=F/m=MG/R^2=4Pi*R^3*density/3

    'Accn Density' = a/area = a/4PiR^2 = R*density*G/3

  • Thanks to Youtube and Stanford for posting these awesome videos :-)..........really worthwhile!.....oh and thanks to Prof Susskind for his lectures

  • @BRAIDERMAN The questioning students were right. The first time he did it, with the gaussian sphere outside the earth, -4piGM=A4piR^2 was simplified to -GM=AR^2. Good. But both times he does the gaussian sphere inside the earth, he takes the left side of the equation post-simplification, and the right side of the equation before it's simplified. Giving him -G(M)=A4piR^2. He skips that step I just wrote, instead writing out the mass: -G(4/3 * pi * R^3 * p) = A4piR^2.

  • We're coming into a new era with the internet education. Susskind is one of the greatest teachers available, togehter with a handful others, and I'm very grateful that his lectures are freely available online.

    I'm 40 yo, regrettably didn't find physics back in the school days, but I've had an exploding interest in physics the last 3-4 years. Now there's the math barrier - luckily, I've taken all the required maths during my education, so some refreshment is needed.

  • Susskind is the next Einstein!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    I say it to him now since Susskind hoped they would of have said that about him many years ago when he wrote the paper on String Theory.

  • This is great! I always wanted to get into the math part of The theorty but I"m not keen in math. I find it easy here to follow the Pro teacher and I like the way he presents his instuction. Yes these students should wait until break to ask questions or when the prof asks them for any..This bit of pestering is probberly the cause of his little typo re-do's mishaps! Anyway He knows his stuff. and.Thanks You tube.

  • Ive seriously been looking for real lectures, msg me if u find em!

  • 4pi is the most important thing in this whole lecture!!!! geez they need to chill

  • Good lecture. Easy to follow. Btw, as the student said , it missed the 4pi in the equation. :>

  • why no subtitle :( :( :( i can't hear all the words he said.

  • I think it would be better if the students hold their questions to submitted notes to be later answered by the Prof's assistants. Too much waste of his time answering lame questions by students who haven't done enough pre-study.

  • just like a dream , attending prof. Leonard SUsskind lecture

  • Stops at about 40 minutes no matter how many times I reload :(

  • @ekid2k

    If you click after this 40 minutes on the bar the video load.

    I don't now if you can understand what I mean but if you don't please reply and I try to explain in a better way.

    Sorry my english is not the best one.

  • ( Vacuum / Space / Energy ) Thank God it eneded up in America.

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  • A Planets mass was never putting pressure on space !.

  • You should learn the difference between your and you're if you want to sound smart on the internet.

  • Actually no one cares about that ....

  • i love the random questions people ask to try to sound smart during these lectures.

  • If they are taking a course in general relativity at Stanford I think it's safe to say that they ARE smart.

  • @Ykoahi

    Trying and terribly, terribly failing. :)

  • @Ykoahi i really hate people like that, there are guys in my physics class who always do that.. omfg. its annoying. 

  • @Ykoahi They aren't trying to sound "smart" by asking questions. They are trying to find the truth.

  • @Ykoahi i'm scared of the knowledge of these students... are they really don't GET IT?

  • @Ykoahi Yeap, these guys have difficulties understanding divergence, etc. concepsts from the first year university, however they want to ask "very fancy" (popular) questions about dark energy, etc. It is hard to discuss basics with adults, 'cause they survived professionally without these concepts (left far in the past), and they do not want to go through them (if they barely didi it as kids, it will not be this time...).

  • @Ykoahi Yeah they just make themselves sound stooooopid.

  • @cuallito He who asks a question is ignorant for a minute; he who does not ask a question remains ignorant forever.

  • @Ykoahi Yeah, its also always that one white kid. He probably is an arrogant dick too.

  • @Ykoahi He who asks a question is ignorant for a minute; he who does not ask a question remains ignorant forever.

  • @TheSaintPain

    Yes your right, but a question , not random words, somes questions have nothing to do with whats he's saying.

    By the way if someone is having trouble understanding this videos take a classical mechanics book, I would suggest the grainer

  • @TheSaintPain He who asks an ignorant question annoys everyone else.

  • @Ykoahi you have never gone to college, right??

  • @marts1233 I made that post a year ago when I was in high school, I've been to college a few times since then.

  • It's a privilege to see this man teach. Sure I learned all this at my university, but it's only now that I can say I'm beginning to understand any of it.

  • Must be quite an honor to actually be on lectures of that guy.

  • Thanks to Google, YouTube and the internet technology researchers who made this possible to watch these videos. Otherwise I had no chance to see this lecture series.

  • @snaveedimran In a lot of European countries University is free. But perhaps you're from the US. So you'll have to rely on the generousity of private companies. That's a shame in a rich country like the US.

  • @pi05pm3 Education is never free, even if the government provides it. It's economically naive to say otherwise. Also, private companies are the *reason* the US got rich in the first place.

  • @fermista Well for me free is free when something doesn't cost you anything. Then of course the government pays the Universities and the taxpayers pays the government through taxes. But on an individual level it is free.

    Further, the *reason* might as well be the people who's been working for the companies.

    Anyhow, it's great that they post videos like this for free :)

  • @pi05pm3 It is! It's extremely helpful to have free open-courseware like this available, especially since I'm planning on doing my PhD in theoretical physics next year ;)

  • @sapienmm

    both of you are correct but if you listen (or interpret ^_^) correctly Prof. Susskind's argument he is comparing the velocity of the accelerated light ray moving at speed:

    v=g.t

    to the unaccelerated light ray moving in a straight ("horizontal") line at velocity c.

    Both arguments are approximated but do give the same "order" result: which is all that matters, numerical constants do not matter since they can be absorbed by scaling.

  • thank you. if i had only known about these videos years ago!!!

  • it was uploaded this year...

  • i absolutely appreciate your videos they are amazingly useful

  • Thriller moment 1:18:57 :D

  • The angle alpha is wrong by a factor of 2!

    One should first calculate the y displacement

    y=1/2gt^2 where t=2R/c then take the ratio of

    y/x (x=2R) ==> alpha~y/x=MG/(Rc^2) !!

  • May no so relevant... but is it not funny that he stand before such a big white board and calling it a black board! Sorry, could not resist...

  • woooooooooooooooot i was so excited when he said Cosmological Constant

  • The calculation of the gravitation inside of the Earth results in the equation:

    4πρGV = A (4πR^2)

    4πρG [(4/3) πR^3] = Ap (4πR^2)

    (4/3) πρGR = A

    Substituting for M = ρV or ρ=M/V makes the gravitation the same at the surface of the Earth.

  • sorry 4pi not 4

  • the student who was confused was right susskind was off by a factor of 4. because -4piMG=A4piR^2. susskind started his equation as A4piR^2=-MG

  • The reason the student is getting confused in this lecture is because Susskind uses big R on both the left and right board, but they are not the same, R is < than the one on the right because the shell is inside the earth, when you break the rho for density down, that brings out the actual earth radius that is used on the right board.

  • It is the sin(x) = 2MG/Rc^2 with x=2MG/Rc^2 that is used for the aproximation, also there is other aproximation, that for the elapsed time delta t, it is taken as the horizontal component of speed of light is the same c, that can be appear as a logic circle (that is not), since for this is used the a posteriori known fact that the angle is too small, and in the former the use of values of G and c are used to aproximate sinx =x.

  • So you can do better???

  • the only reason that you think that is because you can't understand even this.

  • This series of lectures all flow together. This will be needed when he derives Einstein's tensor. The lectures all flow togeather.

    These lectures seem random but they are not. They flow nicely. This lecture series was well thought out. Thanks !!!

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  • start it about an hour into the video if you aren't interested in a newtonian analysis and just want to get to the general relativity

  • If anyone know of some Stanford lectures on the Quantum Eraser or Biocentrism, please kindly direct me to them.

  • The "replusive component" of gravity he's talking about is described in MOG, modified gravity theory by John Moffatt. He wrote a book on it called, "Reinventing Gravity," and he proposes all of the characteristics professor susskind is describing.

  • He made a mistake at 1:27:00 , the angle is not equal to 2MG/Rc^2 , the cosinus of the angle is equal to 2MG/Rc^2

  • NO...

    its --> tangent theta = 2MG/Rc^2

  • and he uses the small angle approximation, in which cos(x)=1,sin(x)=x and tan(x)=x and since tan(x)=2MG/Rc^2 x=2MG/Rc^2

  • the idea is to look at the taylor series of tan(x)

  • wow i like this. he's very cognizant of everything, doesn't take anything for granted.

  • does anyone else think that he sounds a little like Christopher Walken?

  • Maybe a more buff version. Probably have the same accent...

  • Yeah, I notice it a lot.

    If they ever make a movie about Professor Susskind, Walken would be perfect to play him.

  • I had noticed this, but I thought I was the only one that did.

  • ...same with a big crunch.

  • Since the theory of relativity allows for time travel, understanding that the technology doesn't exsist yet but may in the future, if the rip will occure could you escape it if you continued to go back in time when the unvirse was more suitably for life?

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  • what if you don't like girls and have that disease where you don't feel any pain?

  • You don't have to argue that statement!!! That's how General Relativity tries to give an easy concept to everybody...So, about the disease or pain or whatever you wrote, It'll just mess up this page...

  • :D i made you look silly o.o

  • Feel like he's channelling through you?

    What you put is a direct quote from Einstein - not your own thoughts.

  • That was an analogy thought up for Special Relativity, on the subject of 'time dilation, not General Relativity.

  • Re: suboreo

    Susskind did not use a particular textbook. He's working from his long experience and giving a unique presentation.

    General Comment

    As of this comment, the next two lectures (3 and 4), which are not on YouTube, are freely available through iTunes U.

    Just install iTunes, go to "iTunes store", find "iTunes U", and go to Stanford Continuing Studies where you can find the next two lectures.

  • Oops, never mind. The next two videos are on YouTube. They just aren't on the playlist. They should show up in the "related videos" view.