theoretically there are a total of 4 possible paths that the photon can take, pass/reflect by the first, and pass/reflect by the second, does the single photon in essence take all 4 possible paths at once? And if so should there be 2 photons going into detector b thus doubling the number of photons you had to begin with?
Doesn't phase cancellation, especially that caused by self interference, violate the first law of thermodynamics? Half of the photons, and therefore half the input energy, is simply ceasing to exist. What am I missing here?
I don't think this proves superposition. You can't fire a "single" photon. Your photons at detector A could be getting canceled by other photons, correct? Or am I missing something.
No! ... I believe that "A" would get an "anti-fring" pattern and "B" would get a "fring" pattern (of concentric circles) after the patterns average out and build up by shooting many photons through or by using a constant beam of light. [To understand waves think of sound waves, as an example, although with light there's more going on]
i dont really know or read these theories, but my guess is that these waves are actually spinning. or atleast it somehow pleases me when i think about it. :)
this is absolutly true, ive seen this with my own eyes. and for some time i belived it was just my imagination + LSD. but i shifted things and actions of people around me as i made like thousand desicions per minute and i could see the future behind hundreds of choises. its how everything works. its hard though to vibrate at such high frequency because it was to kill me.. it takes alot of energy to read the path of universe. everything is energy spinning around itself. thats how i see it myself
@zonex1a No. This is just an experiment done before that they were obviously just reiterating. A particle can indeed exist in 2 places at 1 time, it's been proven many times.
Im not sure how this proves that each photon is existing in two places at once. Couldnt the interfering photon simply be any other photon produced by the light source, assuming that each photon has the same original wavelength?
The apparatus causes polarisation. Such that ALL the particles arrive at one detector. Nothing mysterious going on whatsoever. The video is largely misdirection.
@uberunityistkaput It seems to me, if it were all due to polarization, everything would arrive at detector A. It would either pass through both interferometers, or reflect off both interferometers. What do you think?
I am 13 years old, and very interested by the concept of quantum physics, but I can never really grasp the concept that most of these articles or videos are presenting. If anyone has some advice on how I can find like, some articles in layman's terms explaining quantum physics, that'd be really helpful. Also, the equations that describe the theorems are like, college geometry. If I could just figure out how to understand it, that would also really help.
Watch this movie on YT, it's called " what the bleep do we know". It gives vary good explanations for some QP rules. But remember that QP is filled with theory, it's up to you to decide if it is real or not.
@ChefLivesAgain Type in Dr Quantum in the youtube search box and look at the two slit experiment and some other more simplified versions. I too am interested and find the concepts hard to grasp, but that is because they are..I have a science degree and still find it hard..keep researching though, it is very interesting stuff. When you get to college you can take some courses.
dont worry kid, Niels Bohr one of the fathers of quantum mechanics stated, if someone thinks they can contemplate quantum physics without geting dizzy, they havent properly understood it. lots of helpuff info is avaliable on the net, there are olso alot of good books out there to help you out.
But could it be that Time has symmetry and geometry? This would explain superposition. Newton believed Time was a thing in itself and connected to motion and Einstein believed there was something missing from quantum mechanics. In my video The Paradox of Schrodingers Cat an artist view it is Time that is the Hidden Variable.
@nickharvey7 One question leads to another..I just love the mystery of science and trying to figure it all out.. It is all very hard to grasp, such as Schrodinger's Cat, but interestingly fascinating..
This was a fantastic video thank you! Something I wouldn't mind trying myself!
My only question to you guys would be, seeing as how the photons take, I assume, all four paths at once, does every photon make it to point B? Or do you still get a statistical result at the end? I would assume that you would have every photon click at B. anyways, thanks!
The phase changes are not all positive. Both waves that are expected but not detected have undergone two 90degree phase changes, but in opposite directions and cancel each other out. The wave on the detected side is as a result of contrsuctive interferance from the wave that passed through the second splitter and that which came from the bottom. If you check the amplitude/intensity of the wave you will also find that is is roughly half the original wave. Thoughts??? Nice work on the illustration
How come I cant reply to somthing somone said earlier on? It just posts my comment at the top here and not as a reply to them! oh well... in short, for people who have trouble beliving in superposition (who can blame you), check out the SQUID experiments done by Delft / Stony Brook
OK, I've worked with lasers but how do you produce one single photon? I take it we can assume one photon represents a packet of waves. For a given wavelength of light, this packet of waves (photon) would have a given duration?
Well, I guess it is something slightly more complex. You can build an electronic circuit to reduce the power to a solid-state or gas laser and at a certain point it will just stop lasing. Some sort of nanosecond piezo deflector or window I would have thought...
I do agree it would require very complex circuit. It would have to be a superfast one. I don't even know if high speed transistors for UHF will work well. i do know certain crystal can be used to deflect polarized photons to produce entangled photons, but not really sure if they are used to fire single photons.
Wouldn't it be more compelling if you set the experiment up in such a way that if a single photon was fired yet TWO clicks were heard (one by each of different paths) it would prove the point?
TRIPPY SHIT lol... I find it funny that a stoned guy like me is so interested in quantum fuckery lol, imagine if all the quantum scientists were stoned :P
Splitting the beam makes entangled photons. Which both have the same orientation. These photons are actually the same one. In quantum if they have the same orientation then they can't be distinguished from the other. This is a simple explaination. It would require more space to explain it better.
The photon moves as a wave of probabilistic positions, as described by the Schrodinger equation and a wave function solution.
The wave equation describes a probability density. When squared and integrated over a bound, you can find the probability of the particle at any point. When detected, the wave function no longer describes the particle. Attempt to detect again, however, and the particle may exist in an entirely new orientation (assuming you stop detection first).
This is all just a magic act, with a "trust me" at the end. To see the simple mechanical explanation of superposition, do a search on Miles Mathis. I can't leave a link here without getting blocked.
Actually it is two photons with the same spin, and in quantum mechanics the spin of the particle is it's identity, you can't go more than that., therefore it is thought to to be that two particles have the same spin is actually the same one, only now at two different places.
As with the poster below I also don't understand how photon "waves" can be cancelled out. These waves share characteristics with other types of waves except that they don't combine? How is that? How can we make that justification other than that it simply fulfills the necessary qualifications of the experiment and our models?
So light waves or quantum waves can reflect like sound or water waves,and do cancel out to zero,but do not add or combine,like sound or water waves? If light waves can add up energy as in a laser? Then why are there not saw tooth light waves,would not light waves be better understood as square like waves or pulse trains of photons,not sinusoidal waves? WTH? what the heck.
sawtooth and square waves are not direct solutions of Maxwell's equations. Sine waves, however, are. Using Fourier series (for pulse trains) and/or transforms (for single pulses) you can build just about any pulse you wish (square, saw, penis). This can be done by transforming the pulse(s) into the frequency domain and then modify their spectrum (discrete spectrum for pulse trains, continuous spectrum for pulses) using a spatial light modulator.
So photon collector B would collect all of the photons, right?
And if that is correct, then it would click at twice the rate that the photons are being shot out? If the wave is shifted by 1/2, it would double the occurence of a peak, but not cancel the wave...
uh huh... do detectors show increased energy in one variation of the waveform, since one variation is constructive? Or does it show same energy level?
I also find it hard to believe that you can alter the motion and direction of a photon without ultimately altering it's measurable properties
The future consists of infinite possibilities, as does the past. This is what makes time travel/the tenth demention theoretically possible, atleast according to my understanding, but I'm no scientist, just a humble poet who happened to read a few books lol. 1
One thing that confuses me about these types of experiments is that it seems that for the single photons to interfere with itself, that both "halves" (if you will) of the photon would have to hit at precisely the same spot at the same time, which seems nearly impossible, given the size of a photon.
There is a phase change of 1/2 a wavelength and not 1/4 a wavelength upon reflection. This is only true when the material behind the reflective surface has a greater refractive index. If the material behind the reflective surface has a lesser refractive index there is no phase shift. This makes a difference if the light is being reflected from the front or back of the beam splitters. Your conclusion is qualitatively correct, but your explanation is based on incorrect physics.
This comment has received too many negative votesshow
"only one possible explanation"?
whoops
What he means, of course, is that he can only think of one elegant explanation.
I rather think we should get those who are so snooty about those who aren't quite "getting it" to sign up in blood to the theory they so cockily espouse. If it is over-turned twenty years later, they should be forced to publicly recant - wearing a dunce's hat.
Many of the comments posted are rather embarrassing. I believe that many of the commentators actually believe that you were proposing an experiment to "prove" superposition for the very first time. LOL. Anyway, nice little post. Any woman into quantum physics is so damned SEXY!
also is superposition being in both states or just ignorence of the observer until such a time as the observer looks or measures...that would say that if i walk into a dark box i could be 1 cm to 8ft tall and i hold all the sizes all at once..its not until you turn on the light that i become 6 ft tall....
let me rephrase there could have been some possiblle entanglement from the beamsplittrer but nothing that would register the results they are theroizing
there is no photon splitting going on here...this is like seeting up a michealson inferometer test somewhat ..you need a bete barium boride xtal or some others to acually slit the photon and have 2 lower energy photons created.....this is just an out of coherence leagth or phase test..nothing more.
Thus... due to geometry, there is a difference in both of the leg's e and m orientations. This is called 'polarization'. It is normal to put a phase plate into one of the legs so as to rotate that leg 90 degrees, in order to arrive at a coincident polarization when the two beams get all around the interferometer. Personally, I would not be using 'perfect' dielectrics at all... but would instead be using randomizing components such as frosted glass, or diffuse reflectors... no proof here then.
No, they are more like gratings, through which electromagnet waves TRY to pass through, but if the spacing in the grating is tuned for the wave, part of it is diffracted at an angle, some of it passes through though and is typically either allowed to pass (beamsplitter), or absorbed (standard bulk mirror). In this experiment as shown,... one leg of the interferometer could very well be aligned statistically different than the other, with its e and m field planes oriented differently...
Well, I searched through the comments here and didn't see this observation and so I've decided to post it. There are two parts of a electromagnetic wave... yes, the electric and the magnetic, hence, the name. Dielectric and metallic mirrors work differently but, we have no idea what type of mirrors are used in this experiment either for the 90 degree full reflectors, or the beamsplitters... but, mirrors are not what people think they are... they are not 'walls' upon which 'pellets' bounce...
Yes, out of phase. But what seems to be being overlooked is.... there are two types of fields that make a photon... one is an electric field, and the other a magnetic field. Normally they are orthangonal, but don't have to be. So we are probably looking at the rotation of the photon, and the subsequent reflection and passing of it based on that geometry. In the video, they show the photon as an electric field, (sine wave), imagine it as two waves, at right angles to each other.
mchaosx - no idiot I've ever met has been able to admit they made mistake so you no idiot.
joeglimmix - I don't think we were in the same GED class. I don't even know what GED is. I have a hunch we were separated by a vast ocean and several thousand miles.
It's only an apparent contradiction if we assume that a photon is only a singular thing. What if a photon is actually a particle surfing on a wave? The wave always takes both paths. The particle always takes one, according to where the wave guides it. Since no waves lead to detector A, the particle can never go there.
Im a bit of a novice on the subject, so bare with me -
There are two paths the light can travel before the final splitter. As the wave length of light is about 400-600nM, wouldn't the distance of both paths have to be exactly the same (with an accuracy of better than say 10nM) for the phase cancellation to work?
e.g. if light is 400nM, and one of the paths is longer by 200nM, then it would arrive 180degs already out of phase (200nM = 0.0002mm).
Yeh! well explaned. To find out what increadible implications this experiment has I suggest reading the 'quantum enigma - science encounters consciousness' by Bruce Rosenblum, Fred Kuttner (No wishy-woshy siudo science, I promise. Just the facts)
wow.. that was really good. even a novice like me understood, and i don't know anything about quantum mechanics.... let alone superposition! great job!
Like my professor says, we except light on mondays, tuesdays and wednesdays as particle and as waves on thursdays fridays and saturdays, and on sundays we drink and think about it.
Could it be because it is reflected at 90 degrees (1/4 of 360)? If it were reflected 180 degrees would it be shifted by 1/2? help me out here, I'm no mathematition.
How do they observe these things, with light(visually), or just the clicks? What if the "other versins" of themselves are their own trophs, or equal opposite reactions, that manisfest themselves as "particles" existing only as "results" inverse of the original waves.
i have a question i totally understand the idea of the deconstructive interference and the canceling out of the waves ergo the one dector of beeps, but the wouldn't by having these detectors collapse the wave function and the particle would have to "choose" a path, by collapsing the wave function is it just another way to view the idea of the waves canceling each other out?
and props to making this video kick started alot of superposition thinking for me!
The two origional detectors will never detect the photon in two places at the same time. The wavefunction (photon taking both paths) is collapsed by the ack of observing it. It then chooses to only take one parth(50/50) And later will NOT cancell itself out when it reaches detector 'A' This is becuase it is no longer a wave but now a single partical on one path. Welcome to the bizar world of quantum mechanics where the observer effects the outcome of the experiment.
I did 2 years of software engineering before switching to nursing. During those years, we had a lecturer that was really excited on quantum computers, and I've sort of picked up a few things on this.
PLEASE NOTE: I write from memory so I could be wrong.
Doesn't work. This isn't cars running thru barriers, this is electrons. At quantum lvls the uncertainty principal kicks into overdrive. The simple act of looking stops the quantum positioning. That's why you need the 100% mirrors and the 4 possible positions with 2 metres. This has been done in labs and happens exactly as stated. Quantum mechanics is freaky fun.
If it amplified by itself, this would violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. Because a photon cannot leave the system with twice the energy it was given.
So why doesn't B Amplify? Suppose at the moment both B tracks meet, they would have an amplitude of 2. However at the same moment and place, Photon A is phase shifted to a value of -1. Photon B (A=2) cancels out the Photon A [A=(-1)] resulting in B having an amplitude of 1 remaining to exit the system.
It may be something even simpler. Since the A collector is only collecting nullified waves and therefore can't register, perhaps when the B photon is split, it's value is split as well. The result, when they recombine at the second splitter they add their values again, and pass through into the collector as their original value. But does this mean that the photon was in 2 places at once? Or does this prove that the idea of particles when dealing with quanta is slightly askew?
If it amplified itself, this would violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. Because a photon cannot leave the system with twice the energy it was given.
So why doesn't B Amplify? Suppose at the moment both B tracks meet, they would have an amplitude of 2. However at the same moment and place, Photon A is phase shifted to a value of -1. Photon B (A=2) cancels out the Photon A [A=(-1)] resulting in B having an amplitude of 1 remaining to exit the system.
(disclaimer above about my knowledge). 1: Quantum lvls laws get.. iffy. 2: This is waves, not matter. We fire 1 electron (matter) and it goes in 2 places as waves (energy). E=mc^2 little mass big energy. Think firing an apple and it splits up in 4 postions. As for "trust us", well they MAY have done the experiments, but I doubt it. The experiments have been done at least at CERN to my knowledge, probably a few other places. This is indeed testable, repeatable, correct and freaky as hell.
Yes, it is amplified at B. This is not a violation of the conservation of energy. At the original beam splitter, the full strength beam is split into two half-power beams. At the second splitter, the two half-strength beams amplify each other to form a full-strength beam.
If talking about a single particle, then the same thing applies, but instead of in terms of "half strength" and "full strength" it's "50% probability" and "100% probability."
If you've had any physics what so ever, one of the first things you are taught is the simple law of gravity. This simple law of force also works for the dry erase marker you are using, which you fail to understand that pointing the marker upwards makes the ink in the marker settle in the back of the marker's capsule. Point it down and you will see drastic results instead of embarrassing yourself three forths of the way through a lecture.
Why do you ask us to trust you? Have you performed the experiment yourself? Is it actually possible to use a beemsplitter to combine 2 beams. If the beamjoiner is rotated 180 degrees does the other detector get all the photons?
If the wave traveling to detector A gets canceled by its other self, then shouldn't the wave traveling to detector B get amplified by its other self? and if not, why not?
Man, I thought that exact thing. A lot of the theory makes sense, but the fact that they missed this one glaring B amplification wave that would prove their own cancellation theory, makes me cringe a little. Who are these guys anyway?
lol, I love how they were smart enough to talk about superposition but weren't smart enough to know that the marker was going to dry out if you use it in an upright position... lol nerds
What mechanism does the beam splitter use to split the beam? Is it because parts of it are reflective and other parts are not? Or does it work differently.
It uses a particular crystal (can't remember the type) to duplicate an exact copy (intensity, etc) of the original particle. This is what entangles the particle. The detecting device is a polarized screen that orientates the photon and indicates which slit it came out of (slit A has the screen for instance, while B does not)...
Is there another way to set up an entanglement experiment where there are two separate outputs that can be probed apart from one another, for the sake of taking out other possibilities.
How do the two waves completely cancel each other out when they have shifted by different amounts to get to detector A? For example, the photon that travels along the first path shifts a total of 3 times (3/4's) while it's 'multiversal' counterpart travels the alternative path and shifts a total of one time (1/4). So, the two waves (or rather, it and itself) should only be shifted by 1/2 to get to detector A?
Exactly. You've got it. Therefore one's peaks are where the other's troughs are - one plus minus one equals zero - a flat line. The wave is cancelled.
Sent this around at work (IT dept). Now everyone is talking about superposition and quantum computing. Nice job. Do some more of these: maybe one about the two slit or entanglement.
Think of a photon emitter like a machine gun. They could slow it down to emitting 1 photon a second, then B detector would click once every one second.
If a photon cancels itself out upon reaching detector A, then surely that same photon can't be detected at B and you would end up with a detection at B every other second?
Shouldn't it be only detector A that clicks? Because the one's going on the detector B path's each had 2 shifts, and would cancel eachother out, no? If I'm wrong could you explain why?
Hey - If both versions of the photon shifts twice, it's the same (peaks and troughs in the same place) so they don't cancel each other out. When the peaks are in the same place as the troughs the wave collapses - 1 plus -1 equals 0.
supposedly the photon is in a random location unless your observing it. it asumes the location of 1 possible outcome as soon as you observe it....i guess.
excellent stuff ... i assume that the cancelation occurs purely because the distances between splitters and detectors etc are equal and the phases are in synch, therefore if the distances are unequal they will be out of phase and not cancel and a you will get a very different result?
Hi, I always wonder when reading about these experiments(being a novice)... How do you get the photonshooter to be exactly in the middle of the two mirrors.I mean, a photon is quite small. It's almost a philosphical issue as to whether you can be positioned exactly in the middle of two things. And as the earth and all matter vibrates during the experiment (shifting in position by many nanometers) shouldn't this have an effect on things?
Cheers for the comments so far everyone. I have no idea about the wave phase shift - bit too technical for an actor like me - will ask our Professor and get back....
Thank you that was fascinating.
republicofsandles 1 day ago
thanks for the helpful video :)
PRiiZMx 1 month ago
theoretically there are a total of 4 possible paths that the photon can take, pass/reflect by the first, and pass/reflect by the second, does the single photon in essence take all 4 possible paths at once? And if so should there be 2 photons going into detector b thus doubling the number of photons you had to begin with?
Stevezeses 3 months ago
Doesn't phase cancellation, especially that caused by self interference, violate the first law of thermodynamics? Half of the photons, and therefore half the input energy, is simply ceasing to exist. What am I missing here?
Blyledge 3 months ago
I don't think this proves superposition. You can't fire a "single" photon. Your photons at detector A could be getting canceled by other photons, correct? Or am I missing something.
utubianame 4 months ago
No! ... I believe that "A" would get an "anti-fring" pattern and "B" would get a "fring" pattern (of concentric circles) after the patterns average out and build up by shooting many photons through or by using a constant beam of light. [To understand waves think of sound waves, as an example, although with light there's more going on]
lawshorizon 5 months ago
AND THEN YOU WOKE UP
brod2man 6 months ago
thq to all for sharing the knowledge with us,i really appreciate ur work.thq to all
seraaaaify 6 months ago
Thanks for explaining this! Really had a hard time trying to get the concept of super positioning
doubleJOOteeEF 7 months ago
I have a question, considering the waves were cancelled for A, are the waves amplified or doubled in energy getting to detector B?
TheGrinningSkull 10 months ago
i dont really know or read these theories, but my guess is that these waves are actually spinning. or atleast it somehow pleases me when i think about it. :)
kreisiass 10 months ago
this is absolutly true, ive seen this with my own eyes. and for some time i belived it was just my imagination + LSD. but i shifted things and actions of people around me as i made like thousand desicions per minute and i could see the future behind hundreds of choises. its how everything works. its hard though to vibrate at such high frequency because it was to kill me.. it takes alot of energy to read the path of universe. everything is energy spinning around itself. thats how i see it myself
kreisiass 10 months ago
@zonex1a Obviously. Only idiots repeat things that other people say. Oh wait.. that wasn't me.
Apollyon511 11 months ago
@zonex1a It seems you are trolling, or just an uninformed idiot. Whatever you are, I wont fall victim to your tomfoolery!
Apollyon511 11 months ago
@zonex1a No. This is just an experiment done before that they were obviously just reiterating. A particle can indeed exist in 2 places at 1 time, it's been proven many times.
Apollyon511 11 months ago
@zonex1a This has been proven, they were just testing it out for themselves.
Apollyon511 11 months ago
Thanks! This is actually a great demonstration. It's clearer than some university made videos.
shameiti 1 year ago
Im not sure how this proves that each photon is existing in two places at once. Couldnt the interfering photon simply be any other photon produced by the light source, assuming that each photon has the same original wavelength?
jamjamboree 1 year ago
@jamjamboree
There have been experiments, where only one photon was fired per hour and the same thing happened.
DaFlapjack 1 year ago
great job :]
fonzieboy702 1 year ago
Good job, thanks!
ProsperosCloset 1 year ago
Very informative. Thanks for the explanation! :)
cryskolt 1 year ago
I've always thought a reflected wave is shifted by half (Pi) ...
DeepEclipse 1 year ago
The apparatus causes polarisation. Such that ALL the particles arrive at one detector. Nothing mysterious going on whatsoever. The video is largely misdirection.
uberunityistkaput 1 year ago
@uberunityistkaput It seems to me, if it were all due to polarization, everything would arrive at detector A. It would either pass through both interferometers, or reflect off both interferometers. What do you think?
good4usoul 1 year ago
that is the behavior of a photon. Not everything behaves like a photon. But... Explained Amazingly! Very understandable. Great job!
ThePremo1719 1 year ago
Have you guys hearted about slides ? ... or buy good pen write at the white board.
alaamurad 1 year ago
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epostkassen 1 year ago
google Doe's Account, its mindblowing.
Wintblash 1 year ago
lol your body still in develop state. biologicaly your not enough for it.
Csatrad 2 years ago
I am 13 years old, and very interested by the concept of quantum physics, but I can never really grasp the concept that most of these articles or videos are presenting. If anyone has some advice on how I can find like, some articles in layman's terms explaining quantum physics, that'd be really helpful. Also, the equations that describe the theorems are like, college geometry. If I could just figure out how to understand it, that would also really help.
ChefLivesAgain 2 years ago
@ChefLivesAgain
Watch this movie on YT, it's called " what the bleep do we know". It gives vary good explanations for some QP rules. But remember that QP is filled with theory, it's up to you to decide if it is real or not.
x250f23x 2 years ago
@ChefLivesAgain Type in Dr Quantum in the youtube search box and look at the two slit experiment and some other more simplified versions. I too am interested and find the concepts hard to grasp, but that is because they are..I have a science degree and still find it hard..keep researching though, it is very interesting stuff. When you get to college you can take some courses.
kimber202 2 years ago
dont worry kid, Niels Bohr one of the fathers of quantum mechanics stated, if someone thinks they can contemplate quantum physics without geting dizzy, they havent properly understood it. lots of helpuff info is avaliable on the net, there are olso alot of good books out there to help you out.
MrRotormaster1 2 years ago
Here is a suggestion for a book, thought I would mention "The Elegant Universe" by Brian Green its pretty good~
QuantumConundrum 2 years ago
omg i never knew that, i was always so annoyed by the system :P thanks lol
marianiiina 2 years ago
Nice Video!
But could it be that Time has symmetry and geometry? This would explain superposition. Newton believed Time was a thing in itself and connected to motion and Einstein believed there was something missing from quantum mechanics. In my video The Paradox of Schrodingers Cat an artist view it is Time that is the Hidden Variable.
nickharvey7 2 years ago
@nickharvey7 One question leads to another..I just love the mystery of science and trying to figure it all out.. It is all very hard to grasp, such as Schrodinger's Cat, but interestingly fascinating..
kimber202 2 years ago
This was a fantastic video thank you! Something I wouldn't mind trying myself!
My only question to you guys would be, seeing as how the photons take, I assume, all four paths at once, does every photon make it to point B? Or do you still get a statistical result at the end? I would assume that you would have every photon click at B. anyways, thanks!
keep6rocks 2 years ago
Comment removed
keep6rocks 2 years ago
Cheers! took me a while to work that one out :)
TW0T0M 2 years ago
this is great work guys, keep it up. but that way clare will make strong shoulder muscles holding the board like that :D
Peace
pat1pepo 2 years ago
it's putting the board on the laptop top, if u notice.
wweiwu 2 years ago
The phase changes are not all positive. Both waves that are expected but not detected have undergone two 90degree phase changes, but in opposite directions and cancel each other out. The wave on the detected side is as a result of contrsuctive interferance from the wave that passed through the second splitter and that which came from the bottom. If you check the amplitude/intensity of the wave you will also find that is is roughly half the original wave. Thoughts??? Nice work on the illustration
blaxpear 2 years ago
Comment removed
GOPHATESAMERICA 2 years ago
How are there photons with opposite wavelengths?
iamthewalrusQ 2 years ago
How come I cant reply to somthing somone said earlier on? It just posts my comment at the top here and not as a reply to them! oh well... in short, for people who have trouble beliving in superposition (who can blame you), check out the SQUID experiments done by Delft / Stony Brook
TW0T0M 2 years ago
OK, I've worked with lasers but how do you produce one single photon? I take it we can assume one photon represents a packet of waves. For a given wavelength of light, this packet of waves (photon) would have a given duration?
alanstarkie2001 2 years ago
You make an electronic circuit so that you can adjust the light until only a single photon is fired. There you go.
tangnatalaga 2 years ago
Well, I guess it is something slightly more complex. You can build an electronic circuit to reduce the power to a solid-state or gas laser and at a certain point it will just stop lasing. Some sort of nanosecond piezo deflector or window I would have thought...
alanstarkie2001 2 years ago
I do agree it would require very complex circuit. It would have to be a superfast one. I don't even know if high speed transistors for UHF will work well. i do know certain crystal can be used to deflect polarized photons to produce entangled photons, but not really sure if they are used to fire single photons.
tangnatalaga 2 years ago
All work and no play makes Chris a very sad man.
JackDuran 2 years ago
I love chris lol
mablewable5 2 years ago
Haha, Chris looks REALLY not bothered at all; by anything; whatsoever.
Brilliant explanation
teflonboy12321 2 years ago
Wouldn't it be more compelling if you set the experiment up in such a way that if a single photon was fired yet TWO clicks were heard (one by each of different paths) it would prove the point?
ns2kd 2 years ago
TRIPPY SHIT lol... I find it funny that a stoned guy like me is so interested in quantum fuckery lol, imagine if all the quantum scientists were stoned :P
420orion727 2 years ago
Hahahahaha that would be something. I guess they don't need to get high cuz all these stuff already makes them trip out. LOL
tangnatalaga 2 years ago
Splitting the beam makes entangled photons. Which both have the same orientation. These photons are actually the same one. In quantum if they have the same orientation then they can't be distinguished from the other. This is a simple explaination. It would require more space to explain it better.
tangnatalaga 2 years ago
The photon moves as a wave of probabilistic positions, as described by the Schrodinger equation and a wave function solution.
The wave equation describes a probability density. When squared and integrated over a bound, you can find the probability of the particle at any point. When detected, the wave function no longer describes the particle. Attempt to detect again, however, and the particle may exist in an entirely new orientation (assuming you stop detection first).
ScottMcSanchez 2 years ago
This is all just a magic act, with a "trust me" at the end. To see the simple mechanical explanation of superposition, do a search on Miles Mathis. I can't leave a link here without getting blocked.
milesmathis 2 years ago
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TW0T0M 2 years ago
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TW0T0M 2 years ago
These guys obviously HAD a computer so why didn't they just make this presentation in powerpoint or something of the like? x.x
Adkit2 2 years ago
how does the photon 'know' the other path to take and cause an interference? wouldn't the photon take every known path not just the two shown?
mpd19666 2 years ago
If it can't, it won't. It doesn't "know" anything.
Adkit2 2 years ago
yeah, this is a simple explaintion. in the videos desciption in talks about how the photon is proved to be in (a minimum of) 2 positions at once.
thisscreensucks 2 years ago
Actually it is two photons with the same spin, and in quantum mechanics the spin of the particle is it's identity, you can't go more than that., therefore it is thought to to be that two particles have the same spin is actually the same one, only now at two different places.
tangnatalaga 2 years ago
Great explanation!!!!!
marcobaratta 2 years ago
its jason mraz!!!!
ralssel 2 years ago
I was hit by a photon once, it hurt. It stuck in the skin. Eventually I managed to get it loose, I gave it to a couple amoebas to play football with.
Kenzofeis 3 years ago 2
Chris looks like he had a rough previous night.
imanselmo 3 years ago 2
As with the poster below I also don't understand how photon "waves" can be cancelled out. These waves share characteristics with other types of waves except that they don't combine? How is that? How can we make that justification other than that it simply fulfills the necessary qualifications of the experiment and our models?
SonikDethmonkey 3 years ago
So light waves or quantum waves can reflect like sound or water waves,and do cancel out to zero,but do not add or combine,like sound or water waves? If light waves can add up energy as in a laser? Then why are there not saw tooth light waves,would not light waves be better understood as square like waves or pulse trains of photons,not sinusoidal waves? WTH? what the heck.
zigzagolot77 3 years ago
sawtooth and square waves are not direct solutions of Maxwell's equations. Sine waves, however, are. Using Fourier series (for pulse trains) and/or transforms (for single pulses) you can build just about any pulse you wish (square, saw, penis). This can be done by transforming the pulse(s) into the frequency domain and then modify their spectrum (discrete spectrum for pulse trains, continuous spectrum for pulses) using a spatial light modulator.
HippyHipHop 3 years ago
How can you explain an illogical conclusion with logic? Check your premises.
Kurtyoungblood 3 years ago
Thanks I actually understood that explanation.
lophty 3 years ago
So photon collector B would collect all of the photons, right?
And if that is correct, then it would click at twice the rate that the photons are being shot out? If the wave is shifted by 1/2, it would double the occurence of a peak, but not cancel the wave...
winter4308 3 years ago
uh huh... do detectors show increased energy in one variation of the waveform, since one variation is constructive? Or does it show same energy level?
I also find it hard to believe that you can alter the motion and direction of a photon without ultimately altering it's measurable properties
Fullperson 3 years ago
can this use to predict future events?
triadcrip 3 years ago
no but it can make sweey tea taste better with no calories.lol
PARKEREAL 3 years ago
The future consists of infinite possibilities, as does the past. This is what makes time travel/the tenth demention theoretically possible, atleast according to my understanding, but I'm no scientist, just a humble poet who happened to read a few books lol. 1
DaProlifik1reaLyrics 3 years ago
One thing that confuses me about these types of experiments is that it seems that for the single photons to interfere with itself, that both "halves" (if you will) of the photon would have to hit at precisely the same spot at the same time, which seems nearly impossible, given the size of a photon.
bobviously 3 years ago
i have a problem with this explanation because:
500 000 reflect on glass - then go through the 2nd ( reflect + go through = +1 & -1 = 0 )
500 000 go through the first glass - reflect on the second ( go through + reflect = -1 & +1 = 0 )
this results in 1 beam and explains why only B clicks...
or am i missing something?
Fromzon 3 years ago
i believe its cause when they go through glass the wavelength is not shifted at all .. she you have it shifting by -1.
beeteebam 3 years ago
There is a phase change of 1/2 a wavelength and not 1/4 a wavelength upon reflection. This is only true when the material behind the reflective surface has a greater refractive index. If the material behind the reflective surface has a lesser refractive index there is no phase shift. This makes a difference if the light is being reflected from the front or back of the beam splitters. Your conclusion is qualitatively correct, but your explanation is based on incorrect physics.
HippyHipHop 3 years ago
ææææloved it. i leaned alot. thanx!
Punishment7 3 years ago
so now i know what them RODS really are!!!!
switchme7274 3 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
"only one possible explanation"?
whoops
What he means, of course, is that he can only think of one elegant explanation.
I rather think we should get those who are so snooty about those who aren't quite "getting it" to sign up in blood to the theory they so cockily espouse. If it is over-turned twenty years later, they should be forced to publicly recant - wearing a dunce's hat.
Crapulency 3 years ago
Somehow this is the answer for LOST
MyCatStellaBella 3 years ago
Many of the comments posted are rather embarrassing. I believe that many of the commentators actually believe that you were proposing an experiment to "prove" superposition for the very first time. LOL. Anyway, nice little post. Any woman into quantum physics is so damned SEXY!
JeromeProphet 3 years ago 2
also is superposition being in both states or just ignorence of the observer until such a time as the observer looks or measures...that would say that if i walk into a dark box i could be 1 cm to 8ft tall and i hold all the sizes all at once..its not until you turn on the light that i become 6 ft tall....
tikarah769 3 years ago
let me rephrase there could have been some possiblle entanglement from the beamsplittrer but nothing that would register the results they are theroizing
tikarah769 3 years ago
interesting.
crazy650c 3 years ago
no entanglement is done in this experiment
tikarah769 3 years ago
there is no photon splitting going on here...this is like seeting up a michealson inferometer test somewhat ..you need a bete barium boride xtal or some others to acually slit the photon and have 2 lower energy photons created.....this is just an out of coherence leagth or phase test..nothing more.
tikarah769 3 years ago
Thus... due to geometry, there is a difference in both of the leg's e and m orientations. This is called 'polarization'. It is normal to put a phase plate into one of the legs so as to rotate that leg 90 degrees, in order to arrive at a coincident polarization when the two beams get all around the interferometer. Personally, I would not be using 'perfect' dielectrics at all... but would instead be using randomizing components such as frosted glass, or diffuse reflectors... no proof here then.
stellartech 3 years ago
No, they are more like gratings, through which electromagnet waves TRY to pass through, but if the spacing in the grating is tuned for the wave, part of it is diffracted at an angle, some of it passes through though and is typically either allowed to pass (beamsplitter), or absorbed (standard bulk mirror). In this experiment as shown,... one leg of the interferometer could very well be aligned statistically different than the other, with its e and m field planes oriented differently...
stellartech 3 years ago
Well, I searched through the comments here and didn't see this observation and so I've decided to post it. There are two parts of a electromagnetic wave... yes, the electric and the magnetic, hence, the name. Dielectric and metallic mirrors work differently but, we have no idea what type of mirrors are used in this experiment either for the 90 degree full reflectors, or the beamsplitters... but, mirrors are not what people think they are... they are not 'walls' upon which 'pellets' bounce...
stellartech 3 years ago
i think they just showed it being out of phase and no superposition took place.
tikarah769 3 years ago
Yes, out of phase. But what seems to be being overlooked is.... there are two types of fields that make a photon... one is an electric field, and the other a magnetic field. Normally they are orthangonal, but don't have to be. So we are probably looking at the rotation of the photon, and the subsequent reflection and passing of it based on that geometry. In the video, they show the photon as an electric field, (sine wave), imagine it as two waves, at right angles to each other.
stellartech 3 years ago
SynapseSnap - spot on.
mchaosx - no idiot I've ever met has been able to admit they made mistake so you no idiot.
joeglimmix - I don't think we were in the same GED class. I don't even know what GED is. I have a hunch we were separated by a vast ocean and several thousand miles.
snoopfish 3 years ago
awesome, I was in the same GED class as these guys...
joeglimmix 3 years ago
ok, my bad! im an idiot. lol
mchaosx 3 years ago
the odds of the particle making it through to detector A are just simply lower.
mchaosx 3 years ago
good vid;)
ManusFrigus 3 years ago
It's only an apparent contradiction if we assume that a photon is only a singular thing. What if a photon is actually a particle surfing on a wave? The wave always takes both paths. The particle always takes one, according to where the wave guides it. Since no waves lead to detector A, the particle can never go there.
erikmartin2 3 years ago
Interesting thought
ManusFrigus 3 years ago
The best thing anyone on youtube can do is watch "The Irish Alcoholic" video.......
watch it, love it, favorite it, subscribe....
WanderleiSilva29 3 years ago
isn't me standing in the mirror being in two places at the same time?
lalahland 3 years ago
no...
ManusFrigus 3 years ago 2
Im a bit of a novice on the subject, so bare with me -
There are two paths the light can travel before the final splitter. As the wave length of light is about 400-600nM, wouldn't the distance of both paths have to be exactly the same (with an accuracy of better than say 10nM) for the phase cancellation to work?
e.g. if light is 400nM, and one of the paths is longer by 200nM, then it would arrive 180degs already out of phase (200nM = 0.0002mm).
alexdrakard 3 years ago
Explained better than my teachers, just gotta cut out that one bit where everything came to an abrupt halt and you're golden.
botchrush 4 years ago
Amazing. I love this. You break it down nicely thank you. :]
xoZombieeGirlxo 4 years ago 6
Isn't this just the "Elitzur-Vaidman bomb-testing problem" without the bomb? Well explained though. -zen
zenbeer 4 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
zzzzz
gregjockca3 4 years ago
Yeh! well explaned. To find out what increadible implications this experiment has I suggest reading the 'quantum enigma - science encounters consciousness' by Bruce Rosenblum, Fred Kuttner (No wishy-woshy siudo science, I promise. Just the facts)
amabodie 4 years ago
wow.. that was really good. even a novice like me understood, and i don't know anything about quantum mechanics.... let alone superposition! great job!
feerof 4 years ago
perefectly explained, and perfectly presented.
its rare to see a vid like this on youtube.
5/5, favourited, and this shouldv'e definantly been featured!
jezuzmcbob 4 years ago
Like my professor says, we except light on mondays, tuesdays and wednesdays as particle and as waves on thursdays fridays and saturdays, and on sundays we drink and think about it.
tylerdurden112284 4 years ago
However, I have to ask why a wave is shifted 1/4 wavelength when they are reflected?
xusword 4 years ago 2
Could it be because it is reflected at 90 degrees (1/4 of 360)? If it were reflected 180 degrees would it be shifted by 1/2? help me out here, I'm no mathematition.
amabodie 4 years ago
elegant! two experiments combined, point to one amazing fact
The first experiment shows the particle aspect, the second shows the wave aspect
Together, it is a wave-particle
xusword 4 years ago
When I look at a shop window, I can choose whether to look through it at the goods on the other side of the glass, or to look at my own reflection.
Only SOME photons then, go through the glass.SOME reflect back !! Or do they ???
pebsypete 4 years ago
How do they observe these things, with light(visually), or just the clicks? What if the "other versins" of themselves are their own trophs, or equal opposite reactions, that manisfest themselves as "particles" existing only as "results" inverse of the original waves.
SillyBucky 4 years ago
i have a question i totally understand the idea of the deconstructive interference and the canceling out of the waves ergo the one dector of beeps, but the wouldn't by having these detectors collapse the wave function and the particle would have to "choose" a path, by collapsing the wave function is it just another way to view the idea of the waves canceling each other out?
and props to making this video kick started alot of superposition thinking for me!
-Published
published 4 years ago
If a single photon travels both paths, wouldn't each of the original detectors both click? That's the only question I have. Thanks!
SeeJackRun05 4 years ago
yes... thats exactly what he said from :30 to 1:30
GreatHopeRevival 4 years ago
The two origional detectors will never detect the photon in two places at the same time. The wavefunction (photon taking both paths) is collapsed by the ack of observing it. It then chooses to only take one parth(50/50) And later will NOT cancell itself out when it reaches detector 'A' This is becuase it is no longer a wave but now a single partical on one path. Welcome to the bizar world of quantum mechanics where the observer effects the outcome of the experiment.
amabodie 4 years ago
I did 2 years of software engineering before switching to nursing. During those years, we had a lecturer that was really excited on quantum computers, and I've sort of picked up a few things on this.
PLEASE NOTE: I write from memory so I could be wrong.
bersaba 4 years ago
thanks for sharing. Clear explanations of something so complex.. and i love the dramatic ending.
overacid 4 years ago
Thanks guys.
Moss901 4 years ago
detectors that dont stop the photons, should be usefull to proove your project :)
mentaltubes 4 years ago
Doesn't work. This isn't cars running thru barriers, this is electrons. At quantum lvls the uncertainty principal kicks into overdrive. The simple act of looking stops the quantum positioning. That's why you need the 100% mirrors and the 4 possible positions with 2 metres. This has been done in labs and happens exactly as stated. Quantum mechanics is freaky fun.
bersaba 4 years ago
Here's my musings.
If it amplified by itself, this would violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. Because a photon cannot leave the system with twice the energy it was given.
So why doesn't B Amplify? Suppose at the moment both B tracks meet, they would have an amplitude of 2. However at the same moment and place, Photon A is phase shifted to a value of -1. Photon B (A=2) cancels out the Photon A [A=(-1)] resulting in B having an amplitude of 1 remaining to exit the system.
Core5 4 years ago
It may be something even simpler. Since the A collector is only collecting nullified waves and therefore can't register, perhaps when the B photon is split, it's value is split as well. The result, when they recombine at the second splitter they add their values again, and pass through into the collector as their original value. But does this mean that the photon was in 2 places at once? Or does this prove that the idea of particles when dealing with quanta is slightly askew?
shadeydave 4 years ago
Here's my musings.
If it amplified itself, this would violate the Law of Conservation of Energy. Because a photon cannot leave the system with twice the energy it was given.
So why doesn't B Amplify? Suppose at the moment both B tracks meet, they would have an amplitude of 2. However at the same moment and place, Photon A is phase shifted to a value of -1. Photon B (A=2) cancels out the Photon A [A=(-1)] resulting in B having an amplitude of 1 remaining to exit the system.
Core5 4 years ago
(disclaimer above about my knowledge). 1: Quantum lvls laws get.. iffy. 2: This is waves, not matter. We fire 1 electron (matter) and it goes in 2 places as waves (energy). E=mc^2 little mass big energy. Think firing an apple and it splits up in 4 postions. As for "trust us", well they MAY have done the experiments, but I doubt it. The experiments have been done at least at CERN to my knowledge, probably a few other places. This is indeed testable, repeatable, correct and freaky as hell.
bersaba 4 years ago
Yes, it is amplified at B. This is not a violation of the conservation of energy. At the original beam splitter, the full strength beam is split into two half-power beams. At the second splitter, the two half-strength beams amplify each other to form a full-strength beam.
If talking about a single particle, then the same thing applies, but instead of in terms of "half strength" and "full strength" it's "50% probability" and "100% probability."
erikmartin2 3 years ago
If you've had any physics what so ever, one of the first things you are taught is the simple law of gravity. This simple law of force also works for the dry erase marker you are using, which you fail to understand that pointing the marker upwards makes the ink in the marker settle in the back of the marker's capsule. Point it down and you will see drastic results instead of embarrassing yourself three forths of the way through a lecture.
tdcr1986 4 years ago
Why do you ask us to trust you? Have you performed the experiment yourself? Is it actually possible to use a beemsplitter to combine 2 beams. If the beamjoiner is rotated 180 degrees does the other detector get all the photons?
spaceraton 4 years ago
If the wave traveling to detector A gets canceled by its other self, then shouldn't the wave traveling to detector B get amplified by its other self? and if not, why not?
arnaldo35 4 years ago
Man, I thought that exact thing. A lot of the theory makes sense, but the fact that they missed this one glaring B amplification wave that would prove their own cancellation theory, makes me cringe a little. Who are these guys anyway?
shadeydave 4 years ago
unlimited dot org dot uk
snoopfish 4 years ago
lol, I love how they were smart enough to talk about superposition but weren't smart enough to know that the marker was going to dry out if you use it in an upright position... lol nerds
FA2A 4 years ago
you forgot the sprocket modulator to make the zing go klang on the zog. time dont work at that scale
daniel246 4 years ago
What mechanism does the beam splitter use to split the beam? Is it because parts of it are reflective and other parts are not? Or does it work differently.
SlavaVB 4 years ago
It uses a particular crystal (can't remember the type) to duplicate an exact copy (intensity, etc) of the original particle. This is what entangles the particle. The detecting device is a polarized screen that orientates the photon and indicates which slit it came out of (slit A has the screen for instance, while B does not)...
illumined1 4 years ago
How do we know its not bidirectional scattering, but rather splitting, or copying.
SlavaVB 4 years ago
Even if that argument was valid, it still wouldn't shed any light on entaglement.
illumined1 4 years ago
Is there another way to set up an entanglement experiment where there are two separate outputs that can be probed apart from one another, for the sake of taking out other possibilities.
SlavaVB 4 years ago
How do the two waves completely cancel each other out when they have shifted by different amounts to get to detector A? For example, the photon that travels along the first path shifts a total of 3 times (3/4's) while it's 'multiversal' counterpart travels the alternative path and shifts a total of one time (1/4). So, the two waves (or rather, it and itself) should only be shifted by 1/2 to get to detector A?
arnaldo35 4 years ago
Exactly. You've got it. Therefore one's peaks are where the other's troughs are - one plus minus one equals zero - a flat line. The wave is cancelled.
snoopfish 4 years ago
Sent this around at work (IT dept). Now everyone is talking about superposition and quantum computing. Nice job. Do some more of these: maybe one about the two slit or entanglement.
xeropoint 4 years ago
How do you know you are only firing one photon at a time?
Is there a way to be unequivocally sure?
Hamking1 4 years ago
Think of a photon emitter like a machine gun. They could slow it down to emitting 1 photon a second, then B detector would click once every one second.
CreatioExNihil0 4 years ago
Are you sure detector B would click every second?
If a photon cancels itself out upon reaching detector A, then surely that same photon can't be detected at B and you would end up with a detection at B every other second?
Peelark 4 years ago
I think the point is that it's in all the places at once, and is only being cancelled out at A, thereby only being detected at B.
SynapseSnap 3 years ago
Kind of funny that so few are getting it. Too much television I think. However, this give me a good idea for a Ratchet and Clank level. LOL!
JeromeProphet 3 years ago
Bell>Aspect wormhole>hiddenvaluable
wankou 5 years ago
wow this all justed clicked in my mind and i now understand it COOL!
tippmann207 5 years ago
aaaahhhh ok thanks a lot crystal clear.
maikeru01 5 years ago
Shouldn't it be only detector A that clicks? Because the one's going on the detector B path's each had 2 shifts, and would cancel eachother out, no? If I'm wrong could you explain why?
maikeru01 5 years ago
Hey - If both versions of the photon shifts twice, it's the same (peaks and troughs in the same place) so they don't cancel each other out. When the peaks are in the same place as the troughs the wave collapses - 1 plus -1 equals 0.
Hope this makes sense.
Best, JON
Artistic Director, Unlimited Theatre
snoopfish 5 years ago
supposedly the photon is in a random location unless your observing it. it asumes the location of 1 possible outcome as soon as you observe it....i guess.
satanHchrist 5 years ago
excellent stuff ... i assume that the cancelation occurs purely because the distances between splitters and detectors etc are equal and the phases are in synch, therefore if the distances are unequal they will be out of phase and not cancel and a you will get a very different result?
andymaque 5 years ago
Considering the 90 degree nature of the mirrors, they will always have the same distance.
CreatioExNihil0 4 years ago
wow that was amazing!!!
I never read about this before but its really nice and crazy.
helloPDE 5 years ago
Thanks. Fascinating stuff.
billbacon 5 years ago
really good work man so what about local realism :D
zerhatti 5 years ago
Hi, I always wonder when reading about these experiments(being a novice)... How do you get the photonshooter to be exactly in the middle of the two mirrors.I mean, a photon is quite small. It's almost a philosphical issue as to whether you can be positioned exactly in the middle of two things. And as the earth and all matter vibrates during the experiment (shifting in position by many nanometers) shouldn't this have an effect on things?
fervid2 5 years ago
Question: I thought that, upon reflection, a wave was shifted by 1/2 the wavelength, but you say it is 1/4. Where does that number come from?
yogafireyogaflame 5 years ago
A wave can be thought of as a linear representation of a circle. 90 degress represents a 1/4 move.
CreatioExNihil0 4 years ago 2
When using a single deflector why does the photon detectors register a 50% hit rate and not 100%?
quietChan2006 5 years ago
Fantastic. How much does the wave phase shift everytime it hits a mirror?
Sahanie 5 years ago
Cheers for the comments so far everyone. I have no idea about the wave phase shift - bit too technical for an actor like me - will ask our Professor and get back....
snoopfish 5 years ago
well done!
user0077 5 years ago
good work! :thumbsup:
yoonoose 5 years ago
WOW!
daligoddess2006 5 years ago