Lac Operon

[l0limalex]

Why do they have to teach this to us in fucking highschool....

[navidh123]

damn it, i have learned bio chem in high school, undergrad, and now in med school....I am still trying to figure out why i need to know this.....go ask ur family doc and see if he remembers it

[Brianna7104]

I have sooooo much information to study *bangs head against wall* this helped me a lot though! Visualization is great

[guitarherochick123]

fuck ap bio.

[alyssa39811]

Bio and five more final exams next week...still got a lot of work to do. 

[MrBlabble]

Fuck your mother!

[observerinpink]

all this videos make me fall inlove with biochemistry

[shazibIsMySon]

what's up with this creepy music at the beginning?!

[gloinstrong]

Everyone here is in high school? I'm looking at this for my Biomedical Engineering Final tomorrow MORNING!!!!!!

[rkid1296]

@gloinstrong how'd you do on it?

[tito1894]

@gloinstrong Did you take AP Bio in high school?

[DRoseFanBrah]

Great video....but I'm still gonna fail my Ap Biology exam

[mastasliz]

fuckin bio exam fuck me

[xyzjoanna]

Just to add, it is the lac I region that encodes for the repressor, which only represses the operon in the absence of allolactose (the inducer).

[ajhasan18]

great explanation



[baabaa33]

Awesome!

[drEmMa21]

haven't you missed transacetylase...?

[WPHSBandGeek]

simple enough for my bio 6 class. he didnt go into the nitty gritty but overall this video is helpful, thanks

[alameriki123]

fuck bio97 genetics for UCI

[powertothegoats]

this video neglects to mention to positive control from CAP regulation....

[QuackersSaysQuack]

So what is the activator protein?

[Mrkingfrank101]

totally failing my micro test!

[tito1894]

@Mrkingfrank101 AP Micro is worthless, unless you want to be a useless economist.

[taylorejon]

@tito1894 Microbio.

[tito1894]

@taylorejon Microeconomics.

[pallaviprettydoll]

althogh it ws vry nice but dear u missed sm imp cocepts lk repressr it binds wth operator region formation of repressor is 24 hour process evn though it is swtch off or swtch on you shold also mntion the allostaric nature of repressor protien but anywz it ws grt

[laser080893]

great video. it has helped me a lot.

[monomnn]

Great animation. Thank you :D

[gopuishere]

good video..suited 4 students learning basics of dna.........

[jolymate]

is this positive or negative control?

[MatzeVidsPs3]

@jolymate its negative control 

[xyzjoanna]

@jolymate This is a negatively controlled inducible operon. This is because the product of the regulator gene is required to shut OFF the expression of the structural genes (Z,Y,A).

[yummi1e]

Even though it's missing a few information, it was a good visualization of how the whole thing works.

[nikhilv372]

it simplified ma studies..........hats off to u guys....g8 job

[Llotunt111]

@BeastLikeTwo lol! what the hell did you type in?

[BeastLikeTwo]

what's biology? i searched 'porn'...

[xBitterEndx]

dolphiiin



[huzefas1]

At 2.27, she says translation but i think its supposed to be transcripton?

[lordike89]

@huzefas1 No. Both happen but the reason there's more permease in the membrane is due to translation rather than transcription.

[huzefas1]

@lordike89 oh ok. cool thanx

[iiloveiix0x0]

correct me if i'm wrong so... transcription can't occur unless those lactose receptors binds with the repressor?

[iiloveiix0x0]

correct me if i'm wrong so... transcription can't occur unless those lactose receptors binds with the repressor?

[kuferce]

@iiloveiix0x0 ofc. the cell needs the proteins to transform lactose into glucose... if no lactose, why waste the energy if the proteins have nothing to transform.

[Terabithia]

I'd give this video half credit on a test. Way oversimplified.

[Azamspazam91]

so the whole point of this is to maintain the exact amount of lactose molecules? From what I see, it eats up some only to produce more which are eaten up...only to produce more. The only function of lactose cant be to procduce itself, thats just redundant and a waste of energy unless the cell uses it for something....can you get atp from lactose? is that the purpose of the operon, to keep the lactose molecules at an exact number and produce and exact number of atp?

[x8is]

@Azamspazam91 No. Lactose is a complex sugar which is broken down by the protiens created. That additional step of breaking down lactose is why the bacteria prefers glucose, per bpat' explanation, because glucose is easier for the cell to convert into ATP.

[stareleades]

molecular genetics is the bane of my existance :((((((((((

[Pueppchen1989]

i love this movie :)

it's held really simple and everything is explained to easy

i understood the lac operon before but it is really a great way to illustrate the way it works

[LorenztheGerman]

Very good animation - Thanks a lot. In combination with some detailed texts easily to unterstand.

[musicislife6260]

awesome!!! this video totally put all the info together in my head = ) I totally get it now = ) Thanks for the video!!

[Warphaker]

Thank you for this video. Reading my notes from class doesn't make ANY sense at all but this all does!

[maly328]

interesting

[mkchc]

haha, this is a great supplement to the texbook

[partyloverKEV]

this videos are a great help for learning, but

what about the end-product repression?

[ChocolatBrownieee]

great help! makes up for not reading the textbook or listening in class >< but i had to re-watch it a couple of times to fully understand it

[ASSHOLELA]

IPTG can also induce lac operon. But how does it get into the cell? Does it get transported by permease?

[brendads89]

this was soooo helpful!!!... is everything i did not understand in class xD

[liamvdw]

terribly helpful old chap!

[biohelp10]

this is very helpful. I didn't get any of this from my class

[medhapatel]

Thank you so much. Excellent job. .....

[medhapatel]

Thank you so much. Excellent job. .....

[Goldencloudd]

Thank you so much for posting this. I have a test tomorrow on the lac operon and stuff like this, and up until now I've been absolutely lost. I may actually not fail! Thanks!

[tootsmd]

Amazing video. Loved it!!!!!! Thanks for these uploads.

[Jowpers]

Very nice, but there are a couple small mistakes. The ribosomes leave the polycistronic mRNA as they come to the end of each gene. Also, the Lac operon is always transcribed at very low levels (the repressor binds transiently) so that there is always some permease present to allow lactose to enter (it doesn't diffuse across on its own).

[pinkfire29]

Very helpful! Thanks a lot

[farihaiqbal786]

thanx

[Anbusatchi]

simple and easy to follow :)

[drhari61]

it became so easy to understand this concept so easily.thank you so much

[marcuswelker100]

thank you youtube

[dhoblerahul]

thanks your video helps me really well to understand lac operon properly

[meena9933]

thank u so much.....vry helpful

[ghetto0superstar]

why pay go to lectures when you can watch videos and learn better with visuals.

this helped me SOOOOOO Much

[chrissline77]

@ghetto0superstar ..........Thank God for Youtube.

[minsan553]

very very bebeficial

[molekularac]

great

[nukuhs]

more specifically, the inducer that binds to the lac repressor protein is allolactose, an isomer of lactose that is produced in small amounts from lactose that enters the cell. it changes the 3D conformation of the binding site of the lac repressor such that it is no longer complementary to the operator, inactivating the repressor

[cianisy]

Thank you for making this video. It's excellent for class instruction.

[lappyzappy]

tq for the info.. im now totally understand what the lac operon actually meant.. =)

[sonzachary]

This is a very quality video

[qwertyuizx]

This animation's awesome! It's just missing the point about the fact that low glucose and high lactose concentration leads to increased [cAMP], leading to the catabolite activator protein binding somewhere in front of the promoter region, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind more effectively to the DNA strand.

[varunbhm]

Easy way to understand d process. Good work.

[futfoo]

excellent video!

[bra1nuts]

Very helpful with my studying, Thanks!

[blessy091]

Truly amazing:-)

[SolitaryHowl2008]

Beautiful video. Very informative. Thanks!

[peterpatalano]

bravo

[hebadoaiah]

god bless you

[Azugon]

thanks even for someone learning this in another language its good explained. very nice Visualisation there should be more videos like this. Teachers should use them at school

[invmetal10]

Excellent video! Videos like these make learning so much easier. Thanks!

[drybonesandboo45]

My biology class made me watch this!! Thumbs up if you are too!!

[Heidihoeexo]

This is riveting. -.-

[Shazidur07]

the repressor looks evil :(

[MsLuxeGirl]

very useful for revision

[XSirApocalypseX]

Good!

[HeazZkait]

Truly amazing, helped me out a lot :D

[meme2342]

Beautifully animated

[smrstingray]

two thumbs up .. ^ ^

[shantibloo]

awesomeness! easier to get

[sultanater100]

aided me in microbio test... wish it explined the Lex A though. but still very helpful.:0

[kulkid40]

helped me alot for my bio

[civ102]

amazing! good job explaining

[akalalemus]

i wish that you would do the same explanation for replication!!!

[wildsunbeam]

Very helpful and well explained! Thank you very much!

[scottmacdonald898]

helped alot!

[checkthatout95]

bio test today. hope this helps (:

[samili93]

these videos are so helpful for tests thanks so much! operons are confusing and this cleared it up!

[74595036]

this si too simplified. hav got more details.want it? reply to this post.

[ts9203]

@74595036

[ts9203]

isn't this too simple, aren't there more details to this lac operon thing?

[BPat1218]

Yes, this is too simplified. it should explain how when no glucose and an excess is present in the cell, there are high levels of cyclical AMP(cAMP). cAMP binds to the CAP (catabolite activator protein) which then binds to the DNA that precedes the promoter. Then RNA polymerase can attach successfully to the promoter. Basically, the lac operon only creates the enzymes necessary to break down lactose when there is no glucose. When both are present, the E.coli breaks down glucose by preference.

[mem0ries0fy0u]

so does high CAMP increase lactose metabolism? and you get low CAMP in the presence of glucose?

[omgu8mynewt]

@mem0ries0fy0u yeah high CAMP means high Catabolite activator protein CAM (also called CAMP receptor protein CRP) which decreases the affinity of the repressor to the mRNA, so only with high CAMP and low glucose will you get maximum enzymes made

[Mcrichalot12]

@BPat1218 Not for a student that wants an A on his test tomorrow

[greenranger8100]

I believe that the repressor proteins bind to the operator, not the operator and promoter as shown in this animation. Otherwise, it is very helpful for the beginning student to understand this concept.

[kuferce]

@BPat1218 tru tru. but if you count that in, the regulation is positive inducible, not as said here negative. bc the CAP is the regulating protein and the cAMP is an inductor!



[jolymate]

@kuferce is this video demonstrating negative or positive regulation then? thought lac operon was a negatively controlled reulation?

[jkjkhardcore666]

@BPat1218 I appreciate your explanation, however the video is clearly only explaining the process not the circumstances by which the process is activated. It would be nice if they added that tidbit of information at the end or beginning. This video definetly helped me. I hate the book it makes no sense.. kinda like your post. It's not that your not explaining it clear, its just too much for me to take in at once. So for beginners this cartoon does it best. Maybe you could make a follow up ?

[WookeFan]

fala i živili

[Sportyguy5858]

Very helpful, thanks so much!

[perrywi2]

for further clarification, it is actually the allolactose molecule which binds to the repressor in order to release it (repressor/allolactose complex) from the operator.

[onlydreaming]

ndsu, all your videos are amazing. north dakota state, you know what's up! haha. thanks so much.

as for lac operons, isn't there a CAP activator though? i'm not sure if that's important or not anymore if this video didn't mention it

[Forlo12345]

There is a CAP activation protein and it is VERY important (although, not necessary for expression of the regulatory genes).

Here's how it works (if you or anyone else aren't sure how it works):

if there are low levels of glucose, then the cell needs another energy source (like lactose). As [glc] is low, [cAMP] should be high, and this is the substrate for CAP to activate it. The active CAP binds to the promotor sequence and facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase.

[onlydreaming]

thanks forlo! that cleared up some of my confusion :)

[TheBrave87]

woow! cool!! thx!!!!!!

[musik5ms]

thnnk you!!

[shidah24]

thanks for the awsm vid! im at a beginners level for this lac operon thingy and i guess i got the rough idea alrd. thnks! =)

[jononumbahfive]

I believe this "cute cartoon" presentation was intended for beginner's biology students to help them get the gist of the lac operon and its subcomponents. Saying it is "inaccurate" would be unfair and untrue.

[Juleribian]

Excelente!!

[LilHoustonian1]

oh my goodness!!!!Thank u!

[londonhead77]

nice

[lmavila77]

Beautiful!

[mehrotraanurag]

Thanks a lot !!

[sexidesi702]

its a good vid. but if you are taking a genetics class be aware that when the represser is bound to the inducer(allolactose) it is still bound to the DNA but its is bound to non-specific low affinity site.

Read your book to grasp a better understand what is going. The video helps to see somewhat of what is going on. :)

[emilyehmm]

very clear! thanks a lot :)

[lepra77]

nice voice

[Mrbaltimore108]

This is grossly oversimplified and inaccurate. I suggest reading up on the subject. Cute cartoon though.

[AllOtherNamesTaken]

@Mrbaltimore108 I am a Lac Operon IRL and this is exactly how it works. Owned.

[dann815]

so cute!

[radicalstuf]

but what EXACTLY is a lac operon?

[gbg112]

Read the description.

[satyav06]

idi keka beebatcham exam ku baaga useful

[morbidangelr]

the only comment i have is that lactose is NOT the direct inducer of the lac operon. When the lac operon is turned off, there is still low levels of beta-galactosidase present. When lactose enters the picture, it is converted to allolactose by the low levels beta-galactosidase present. Allolactose is the inducer molecule that binds to the lac repressor protein. This binding prevents any unbound repressor to bind to the o-site, and any bound repressor to fall off. RNA pol. can now bind

[schnepat]

Aye, furthermore, low glucose also leads to high [cAMP]. The cAMP binds to a catabolite activator protein. This protein binds to a CAP site upstream of the promoter region, allowing the subsequent transcription/translation to occur

[VerynCE]

@schnepat this specific comment helped me answer 2 more questions right on my test than I would have.

Thank you.

[animalluver3616]

i have a final for biology tomorrow and my teacher showed this video to us earlier in the year. it helped me so much then and it helped me so much now to refresh my mind on this topic

[janimalia]

These three minutes of watching is equal to 30 minutes of reading. Great material, thank you very much!

[hannibal7777]

lol that's so true!! :)

[pooflanger]

@janimalia fuckin books, this is so much better

[Kha1i107]

incredible video. Thanks you so much

[Piickaloo]

great video but would be better with the description of promoter and operator regions... also i don't think it would of hurt to include the third protein that is produced from this operon transacetylase, but over all good video :)

[AzureLioness]

we're doing all of this in school (except for the positive regulators)and the animations help a lot! Thanks!

[Kaikara05]

Really useful. Thanks!

[Tilvur]

Very well done, very easy explained. Helped me alot!

[billybobthortansbro]

I sure as hell got one.

[Yggdrasilincarnate]

Really great for my Genetics revision - thanks so much! Whilst it doesn't include cAMP, or the fact that it is Allolactose which induces the system, it was great for simplifying the process so I could get my head around it. Thanks again! ^^

[wsgvbr]

You've got a point, mate. My hand out didn't help ease the whole topic, but the video "dumbens" it down too much :D lol

[nasim60]

yeah about the cAMP,it forms CRP-cAMP complex to favour transcription in prokaryotes,they are positive regulators

[ad3543]

The video says the import of lactose through the permease in the membrane is not passive. This implies ATP used for import. Is this a Na+ co-transport channel?

[MADhaTTer753]

Great video.  : )

[Blackjet1990]

hey!!! SOS... Someone who can translate this video into spanish pleaseee!! (I understand almost the hole video, but still have doubts)

[ranger5racing]

That Lactose molecule looks like a tylenol tablet.

[zhar2]

Blaphemy, how dare u try to reduce gods creation!!

Lol just jocking,

ty was very useful for understandind mechanism for exams.

[Paymandie]

That is EXACTLY what i was looking for. Thanks for the upload.

[thepersianking]

Nice, Video. Could you please make a TRP operon....

[chakdefiji]

very interesting.......

[Damndoodoo]

CAP-glucose relationship has to do with positive gene regulation. this video focuses on negative gene regulation, excluding cAMP and CAP

[jessiandbob]

what ? this is positive gene regulation coz in the prsence of lactose gene expression is turned on!!! what are u talking about?

[turdsplash24]

No hes correct There is negative gene regulation which involves the lac operon and trp operon shown here it is called negative gene regulation because the when the repressor is activated it shuts it off meaning a negative reaction. Then if you wanna know about positive gene regulation that would be the next step. Positive gene regulation involves the CAP/cAMP complex which is positive because when activated it produces the mRNA unlike in negative gene regulation. There is a difference

[faithlocket]

What about the CAP-glucose relationship?

This is crucial and was left out!!!

[squeezelifeDOTca]

Great animation!!

I'm learning this in Biology and it's very overwhelming. Thanks for simplifying it.

[xridethelightningx]

you didn't mention that the entire operon is transcribed at a low level due to the occasional failure of the lacI termination mechanism, which is why lactose can enter the cell and how it gets converted to allolactose (by beta-gal).

[Raghav91]

very good

thanks a lot

I understood it very well

[sizzlemydizzle81]

Absolutely awesome explanation, thank you so much!

[nicodido]

Habla Hispana exciste, tantos giles q hablan ingles, y nadie es capaz de traducir el video.