Kuban Cossacks Chorus - Кубанский Казачий Хор 1

[Lu3Zak]

красивая музыка

очень хорошо сделано

спасибо

[Serdinoff]

Уникальный коллектив с огромной многолетней славой.Его знают и на родине и за рубежом.Молодцы!!!

[BalaguryMoscow]

Вчера был Казачий круг в Кремле!!! Без Кубанского хора и его мега-крутой танцевальной группы был не круг, а кружочек...))) ЛЮБО!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[spartaknumerouno]

Молодцы Кубанцы!

[flufrules]

Very stirring performance.

[CHICAGOSERGE]

Cossacks are not a single ethnic group but rather a social class of peasant- warriors that emerged around 14-15 century in present day Ukraine and Southern Russia. Kuban Cossacks are mixture of ethnic Ukrainians, Russians and North Caucasus people--this fantastic number has elements of North Caucasus Dance Lezginka, Ukrainian Hopak and Russian Dances.

[timur1lenk]

chicagoserge do not give wrong nformation to you tube piople.Everybody know that cossacks are mixture inbetween russians ang goat as the word for goat in russian language is cossa/koza.

[zbigtu]

Not pay attention to timur1lenk. He is mental ill.

[timur1lenk]

zbigtu..jebem ti mater rusku u pichku i sestru natashu.

[jorgevat]

PIDARAST ----- We fucked you for 300 years!!! So dont worry, even if you get lucky for a couple of years, we will still come back and fuck you......put those radars and misiles and we will play with your heads again!!!!

[spartaknumerouno]

@jorgevat, take a chill pill. No one "fucked" anyone and no one is going to fuck anyone in the future provided that everyone behaves. Stop inciting trouble, will you! Still, US missiles in Poland would clearly be a threat and must be addressed as such.

[jesc093073]

Bacano esto. םע גוסתא מוצהו וע ויוא ץולומביא ײַסראעל

[YuraGagarin]

Дурилка ты картонная))

[SOULKEEP1]

шо за дурак этот англичанин пышеть шо это полурусски полуукраинскии и грузинский танец а ведь это чисто нашь казачий

[MsSeverozapad]

klf117, Грузия, пардон, Джорджия-2 - ещё не весь Кавказ, это вас кто-то обманул.)))

[MsSeverozapad]

Великолепный танцевальный номер!

*и умиляют англоговорящие "знатоки"*

[klf117]

Actually, this dance is a mixture between Russian & Georgian. The red shirts are Russian, & the black costumes are Georgian. And, the music is Georgian. In the region of Kuban, there is a mixture of Ukrainian, Russian, & Georgian cultures.

[noctemacternus]

Too cool!...Nicely Done !

[takouska]

excellent j'adore***********************­******

[Agttga]

Hoholii..........

[canucksgirl44]

Actually I am a historian studying Cossacks and other steppe peoples and it is ignorant to state that all Cossacks are Ukrainian. That is false. Cossacks existed long before Russian and Ukraine and originally had no nationality at all. The Don and Kuban Cossacks may have mixed with some Zaporozhian Cossacks, but they were there long before the fall of the Zaporozhian Sech.

It is amazing to see the Cossack dances after studying them for so long. Ochen krasivi!

[Vel1al]

КТо бы говорил , чтоб кубанскте казаки шли к Украинцем , скоро Москва присоеденит Украину к России за долги и будут донские и кубанские казаки жить вместе , ток в составе России)))

[andyfreeze1]

Я желаю выучить украинский язык. Я 53 лет человека чанадеца. Пошлите сообщение к мне. Я учу вам английской языку также.

[irinapod2004]

yuga(.)ru/kazaki/history/index (.)shtml

Уберите скобки,откройте ссылку и узнавайте историю Кубани и Кубанского Казачего войска с помощью работ по архивам Краснодарского края,а не малограмотных подстрекателей.

[irinapod2004]

Мы как нибудь сами разберёмся,кто из нас в Краснодарском крае русский,кто украинец,кто армянин,адыгеец,грек,татарин и т.д.,ок?Занимайтесь своими проблемами! :-)

[KharkivYanka]

@irinapod2004 Звісно,ви самі розберетесь...Також як і ми самі розберемося! Але як можна заперечувати тісний історичний,культурний,мовний,м­ентальний зв,язок кубанців саме з українцями? Чому українські прізвища у вас називаються"кубанськими",а українська мова в вашому університеті є "кубанским наречием"? Чому ви чураєтесь своїх коренів і як ви можете зраджувати Україну,як свою мати?

[irinapod2004]

Как вы не понимаете,что своими глупыми высказываниями и деятельностью таких организаций как"Кубань с Украиной"вы вызываете в жителях Краснод.края только непонимание,отвращение и полное неприятие всего,что связано с соврем.укр.политикой?

[irinapod2004]

И хватит, нам, жителям Краснодарского края, из Канады доказывать, кто мы такие :-) Достали!

[Vicar70]

Kuban Cossacks are ethnically Ukrainians!!!! THey are not Russians!!!!

[myronzee]

The Kuban Kozaks were of Ukrainian origin being direct descendents of the Zaporozhe Kozaks, who fled after the russian attack on the Sich in 1775.

[SadronAphaderuiondur]

Russian singing & dancing ensembles are just superb.

[madsteed]

God bless Russia

[brotighan]

Чо за пиздец тут в комментах устроили? Не живётся тихо, надо всю хуйню, что в голове, обязательно нести вслух? Найдите себе стену и убейтесь, а

[clarajanny]

aga pravda! kuda ni zaidi, luboi folklornyi tanec- kto to da i nachnet govorit pro politiku itp itp...

[mistahcoughdrop]

Amazing!

[spartaknumerouno]

Great performance!

Please post some more.

[BostonEm]

a fabulous mixture of the caucasus and russian cultural elements

[timur1lenk]

and you are the one who sand thretening letter to Bosnian ambbassy in moscow that you will blow up the billding..ha are you that terrorist mother fucker.

[gologram]

History shows that Russia has played a very significant part in world politics.

AS to you,all that abusive talk against Russia contradict to the behaviour one should expect from a decent man.

it is pity you obviously cannot understand that.i read you are mighty both physically and mentally.

I think the second part is a bit of exaggeration.

[timur1lenk]

hahahah OK Bulgarian. Thanx for visiting my account hahaha.

[timur1lenk]

Wow these Ukrainian guys could conquere the entire russia in few days with their sords.

[RussianBoxer84]

stupid fuck stfu allready.

those cossacks were conquering FOR RUSSIA.

it was a caucassus worse nightmare and ukrainian dream to be in their cavalery

[timur1lenk]

Well, todau russians dream to be in Ukraina and to become a part of Europian union as Ukraina will soon be.And you russians gona lose Kavkaz so you are spiling your and their blood for nothing. So russians should to try to be smart for difference, otherways will and up like their stupid brothers SERBS( Kosovo)

[gologram]

i am part of EU myself and can tell others that your talk is bullshit.There is a long way for Ukraine to join EU if it is possible at all.

[timur1lenk]

you are new member, probebly bulgarian) and you don't know much about. So keep your opinion for yourself.Taking Ukraina into membership EU will come to possesion of half of the black sea coast and much closer to central asia oil and gas fields.....Hitler tryed to achive the same once.

[gologram]

aye,and let's remember what happenned to hitler after that.Hahahaha

[timur1lenk]

got defited from winter and cold...not from russian soldiers.

This time we sand you AIDS and worm winters so baccushkas can not hide from us in the coldand can not eat dead bodies to survive as will be no cold to preserve them fron decomposition like it was in besiged Leningrad. Also this time normal russians will wlcome West and turn back to russian criminal leadreship/kgb agents.

[gologram]

Wermacht and Luftwaffe had four warm months of summer and autumn to cross the european Russia by motorengines.If not for the heroic Russian soldiers,they could easily do that in 4 days.

[gologram]

thanks God i am not like you.I advise you hang youself on the very first tree i met.You must be one of those miserable half-educated Caucasus tribesmen who think they are any better than US redskins.Ask americans why we've never seen a redskin american as USA president and how many governers have native american origin in that democratic country.Hahahaha!

[damai82]

so my dear i can just sujest you to read history of Cosak, and than maybe you will discover something new for you!!!

Thanks

[gologram]

The literal translation of the term "ukraine" from both ukrainian and russian to english means "marginside".After the disintegration of Kievan Rus in 13 century that term was used to locate the geografical region that lied on the outskirts of both Moscow Rus(part of once-day Kievan Rus) and Polish Commonwealth that included the most part of the present-day Ukraine.

[timur1lenk]

Well, what was once russian "marginisde"/Ukraine will become a part of Europian Union and russia will become MARGINSIDE.

[jorgevat]

Go fuck yourself cunt! Ukraine is Russia and Benderas like you shout be sent to fucking EU and Poland so you can suck on to their cocks alike your Bendera prostitutes all over EU!!! Eat shit bitch!

[timur1lenk]

hahaah jedi ti govna majmune.You eat shits russian monkay.

[gologram]

Another way to determine'a monkey' is through "its" behaviour,say a person behaves like an animal,abusing and making noise,just like you do.

It shows your lack of education.You see,you can't even call names properly.

Hahahaha

[jorgevat]

Well, we have a winner! Wittier than Rowan Atkinson in Blackadder character! WOW! Why dont you study a bit more, live in different countries, learn their language and learn their history books! A whole world of knowledge and interesting "unbiased" foreign facts - PRICELESS, for everything else MASTERCUNT - YOU!

[gologram]

Russians are no monkeys from any point of view.

In the tradition of racial abuse,either slit-eyed or dark-skinned persons are called 'monkeys',for example chinese or Caucasus native tribes.

Most of Russians are white-skinned and round-eyed because they are europeoid.

[timur1lenk]

Thanx for admiting that that abnormal racial sick mind is originated in the sick haeds of white skin and roud eys people like russians are.Thanx for proveing everybody that you are methaly sick russian.

[gologram]

GOHOHO,you seem to get hurt by my words?remember it is you who started that filhty talk about 'monkeys',not me.

[jorgevat]

Just checked your profile....and youre a US citizen....well, well, WTF are you doing discussing topics that dont even concern you, since you live in a country that is occupying Native Indian Territory??? LOL. One piece of advice, be at least from this side of the atlantic.....CUNT! :D

[timur1lenk]

you are maybe europeoid but we will never let you in EU. You belong to siberia.

[SShowgunz]

We...who's we?

I believe you think a little too much for you brain capacity ;).

As for white men being racist...i believe that any man is racist...either white, black or yellow skinned.

[PeterHeizer]

Timur, on your way back to Mongolia do not forget to take along your convert orphan Albanians from Kosovo. Make sure to drop them off in their native Azerbaidzan where they can continue to carry on their sex&drugs trafficking business, wouldyou? Please? Pretty please? Thanx a trillion, Turk. You're a real buddy :))

[timur1lenk]

OH no..Mognols will come again to take from dirty russians what belonged to them...alll the land south of Moscaw. And we Bosniaks will stay in bosnia as we belonged there..Bosnia belong to Bosniaks.

[PeterHeizer]

Ooo! So, you're not a Mongol, Bosniac Ork, instead you're a little Balkan Slavic traitor, leasing out his ass to turks, converting to Islam, to be given in return the chance to opress your fellow countryman! Oh, why didntya say that?! I thought you were some Albainian Turan Uruk Hai. Well, I hope you're telling the truth, Timur, cause, you know here on YouTube we must all say truth and nothing else, but the truth.

Now, seriously, I'm sure Russians will give your advice fair consideration.

[jorgevat]

Bosnian TV - We are looking for a dickface, cunt arse, homosexual transvestite calling himself "timur1lenk". The reward for any information is of 0$

[timur1lenk]

and did you got him the great timur lenk you russian pussy.I read uesterday that russia lost first place in number of prostitutes in the europe...romania took over. jebem ti pichku materinu.

[jorgevat]

You belong to the pub toilett in the "trainspotting" movie......but we dont tell you that everyday, do we our dear USA-Today reader!

[jorgevat]

I hear something.....oh yeah....its a distant call for you....."Hello? Is this Mr.Fuckface?" Yeah its for you BH! :)

[katzermeister]

Po co te uwagi w stosunku do Polski.Nie wszyscy jestesmy pro-zachodni.Ja na przyklad nie!

[jorgevat]

Can you talk English? Or is something up with your face? Oh....i forgot it must be the Soviet dicks still warm in your mouth! You can remove it now son, dont worry, we will still listen to you without the Soviet dick in your mouth! :)))

[RussianBoxer84]

Gologram please tell them what does Ukraine mean and Why is it called ukraine?

Online Encyclopedy: Ukraine in Russian means OKRAINA... OKRAINA OF WHAT? i rest my case

[RussianBoxer84]

did anybody wondered how come Russian population is the highest in EUROPE? is it because we have sex like rabbits or like chinesE? no... its because "Knyazhestvo" different kingdomes with different nationalities combined together thats why!

Scandinavs from the north,Mongoloids and fino ugorians from the east and Turkic and caucassians from the south. cobined together and made a solid race.Russians sepose to be 50 million max. not 100 mil

[joeocho88]

I have read Russian history and I sympathize with you! So sad. So tragic. I hope someday, the Russian people will have the freedom they deserve.

Cossacks have very interesting dancing! Very athletic and strong...

[R5T1]

Hey all who is not russian, before you comment about Russia, please learn Russian history. Because you say some things that you don't know... And it's terrible

[gologram]

Moscow has been one of the cities of Rus itself.

It was founded in 12 century by russian prince Jury Dolgoruky.

[gologram]

So it was long before Peter the Great that mocsovites were considered to be Russians.

[gologram]

For example,Russian tzar Ivan the Terrible was addressed "Tzar of all Rus" by contemporaries.The same thing quebecians,the inhabitants of Quebec,are canadians at the same time.

[Bosirant]

Kuban Cossacks are descendants of Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossacks, but appear to be virtually assimilated into Russians now.

[gologram]

The fact is that 'ukrainian zaporozhian Cossacks' didn't even know the word 'ukrainian' in the sense you use it.They considered themselves to be Russians.Bogdan Xmelnicky was addressed "the russian tzar" by his collaborates.All ancient and medieval Kievan chronicles contain word 'russian' in order to describe the nationality of the people that lived in today's Ukraine.

[Bosirant]

They considered themselves Rus' not "Russians" which they referred to as Maoskali or Muscovites. Only Peter the Great changed name from Muscovy to Russia.

[gologram]

'Rus' is a name for a early medieval state of east slavs from whom Russians,Ukrainians(little russians) and belourussians(white russians) originated but it was Great Russians(inhabitants of today's Russia) who preserved and passed on the culture and spirit of Kievan Rus.

[Bosirant]

That is Russian chauvinistic nonsense.

[SharruKin]

I aggee with you completley, never in my life have I annyone use the term little Russian. The term is abondoned.

[gologram]

Nobody claimed that the term is in use nowadays. :) "Little Russians" described the nationality of the inhabitants of the left-bank Ukraine and was used from the latter half of the 17 century to the revolution of 1918.

[gologram]

My comments contain much more conforming and logically supportive data than yours.The way you discuss matters already shows who is who and what one is able to.

[jorgevat]

Why do Polish people talk so much about our, Russian culture? Oh, I know, its cause you are just a little part of it! Our dear servant, sorry tovarish, sorry bh, please let me express how sorry I am for your "country" to be a little sideshow of Russian might and power! I hope you are enjoying your little time of freedom, since the 1990! Please let us know when we can have you back, we need servants in our toillets!

[SharruKin]

Wrong wrong wrong. All those terms are old terms used during the 18th-Century. All of the states(eg. Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.) that was the soul of Kievan Rus' have passed on the culture and spirit from that times.

And please, nobody uses the terms little Russians and white Russians, they have scientific backing.

[gologram]

The term 'White Russians' is in use nowadays.The literal translation of the word 'belourussian' is 'white russian' in english :)

[369bo]

Oops, I meant to say "wether" true or false in my last message. Also, It's not even proven that Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia all come from Kyiv-Rus' (Ukraine). Again, that is the victorious Russian and Soviet history (propaganda?). Read Hrushevsky's non-Sovietized history, he differs. Even if so, Ukraine was first and remains in the same place it all started. That is not true of Belarus and Russia.

[369bo]

SharruKin, Kyiv-Rus became Ukraine (Ukrainians). Muscovy (Muscovites) became Russian (Russians)- created 200 YEARS LATER AFTER UKRAINE. This is simple fact. The names Russia and Ukraine didn't exist for either, originally. Also, Kyiv has NEVER been part of Russia. The Soviet Union and Russia are not synonymous, either. Simply, winners write history (rather true or false) and Ukraine lost.

[SharruKin]

No, Kievan Rus' became Ukraine, Russia and Belorussia, THIS is a known fact. Muscovy came to be 200 years afterwards but that is not synonymous with the birth of Russia. Kievan Rus' is the birth of Russia, Ukrain and Belorussia.

[RussianBoxer84]

thank u brother.... please tell the pro american ukrainians who rewriting the history everyday about that.

[smola88]

Ай, молодца! Красавцы!

[scorilo10]

ex-tra-ordinaire

[ephyraband]

Lukashin, enough with the slandered history.......

Ukraine is Rus' and the root of all slavic people. Russia is not the mother. If anything, russian is the young daughter of Rus'-Ukraine! I am of Kozak blood and proud of it and can trace my lineage back many generation. My great great great great granparebts did not speak a dialect of Russian. it was Ukrainian or before that Rusyn-slavonic, with before that was Old Slavonic.

[SharruKin]

My Ukranian brother, you are not completly correct. Ukraina was a part of what was Rus'and so was Belarus aswell, but Russia was the biggest part. The kings of Rus were Russians not Ukrainians, for an example Mistislav I was a Russian as with Yaroslav the Wise. The Russian blood is older than the Ukrainian blood, so IF ANYTHING, Ukraina is the younger sibling of Russian Rus. Southern Russia and a part of eastern Ukraina is the root of all Slavic people.

[SharruKin]

Yes be proud of that my brother. I am a Ural Cossack, and I am as proud as you are, I am a Russian Cossack. You and I and many others, we have the right to be proud, beacause we are not any kind of people, we are Slavs.

[gologrim]

The cossacs formed as a military force exately under the pressure of brbaric Ottoman empire.

[gologrim]

From ancient times on,the cossacs were mortal enemies of turks for turks raped and looted and sold to slavery slavic peoples of once-to-be Rus.

[sel1071]

as a cossack descendant who migrated from kuban region in 1887 my grand fathet's father .cossacks are neve Russian but mixture of tatar kazakh.other turkish tribes and slavs..do not deviate the history

[SharruKin]

And as a Pure blooded Ural Cossack I say that your words are blasphemy, we Cossacks are not some Turkic or Kazakh people, Most of the Cossacks are Russians, the others are Ukrainians and some are a mix between Ukranian Cossacks and Russian Cossacks, but we are definetly not some Turkic people. Either you are not a Cossaack or you have no information at all about the Cossack blood.

[gologram]

Cossacks are ethnic russians who live in Cuban region.

[sel1071]

And I hope cossaks will have their own country one day...This is my hope

[Ariy2012]

Cossacks its a country inside country :)

[gologram]

Cossacs speak russian and know no other language.The cossacs originated from runners and vagabonds from all parts of medieaval Rus.The main conditions to become a cossack were:to be orthodox;to speak russian;to drink gorilka(vodka)

[sel1071]

and do not say a kuban cossack that they are ethnically Russian.never.even theit tradion and culture is very differnt from russians...

[SharruKin]

Kuban Cossack are a mix of Russians and Ukrainians, Kuban Cossacks are a mix of the Zaporozhian Cossacks and the Don Cossacks. And no, the culture and tradition is not that different from the Russians, beacause the first Cossacks were Russian Cossacks, so much have been inherited from the Russian Cossacks(and the Ukranian Cossacks as well, but mostly from the Russian Cossacks.)

[sel1071]

hello..I am also a cossak who live in Turkey..but when I looked at the history cossaks originaly are not russian or ukrainian..we are very smilar to turks..but after accepting christinity,Russians began to use us as their soldiers..when we look at our race.we are originally pro turkic tribe...Thats the truth.

[SharruKin]

As a pure blooded Ural Cossack I ravage at your words of blasphemy! We are not mixes of some Turks or Mongols, we are Russian and/or Urkainian by blood, we have nothing to do with Tukic blood! We are not similar to Turks, our fysique is Slavic not Turkish! We have never been a "pro Turkic" tribe, either you are not a Cossack, or you are a such Kemalistic person living in Turkey that you wish to be a Turk so much that you come up with the greatest lies.

[lukashin]

Are you stupid? Why would they fight against the Tatari and Ottomans if they were Tatari and Ottomans? Give me a break

[BaronVonKenny]

how come people always start arguing through the comments? The video was cool, so are cossacks, regardless of how its spelled or whos side they were on historically. And ukraine is bad ass to.

[Adragil]

And despite the fact that our people don't like it, kazaks (those of Don) always were Part of the Rus', protecting it's south borders.

[srooooool]

The tendency towards regimentation and unquestionable obedience to the Tsar on the part of the cossacks began during the reign of Catharine II in the late 18th century and continued until the fall of tsardom. In this period they served Russia well and lost the true cossack spirit, becoming more like Turkish Jannisaries(yanichary) than Cossacks.

[Adragil]

I agree with allmost everything. However, the Don kazaks (I hate the word cossacks) do owe their origins to Rus', not to the tsar, but to the country. They were formed by the serfs who managed to run away, like you said. Yes, there's been great integration with the Ukrainian language, bu God bless the fool that will call a Don kazak a ukrainian. And of course, they always had sort of independency from the tsars untill Peter I.

[lukashin]

They were formed by slaves who were captured by turks who ran away

[chengloki]

Adragil, actually, we prefer Kozaks. =Stefan=

[srooooool]

The history of Stenka Razin and Pugachev are well known. But what about Bulavin who rebelled against Tsar Peter I in order to have the Don region secede from the empire? What about the Nekrasov Cossacks who sought refuge under Ottomon protection rather than submit to the Russian autocrat?

[srooooool]

Their oath of loyalty to the tsar was that of protector and defender of their rights and privileges. Sadly, it was the Tsars who would prove to be the cossacks greatest enemies. Are you awar that there were many Cossacks, including those of the Don, who rebelled against the Tsar?

[srooooool]

Don Cossacks had their own distinct military, political and legal institutions that did not owe its origins to Muscovy or the Tsar. No, they were not always a part of Russia. Even after their allegiance to Tsar Michael Romanov the Don Cossacks retained their self-rule, or autonomy.

[srooooool]

Until the elction of Michael Romanov The Don Cossacks did not owe any loyalty to the Muscovite Tsar. In fact, Cossackdom including the Don Cossack region, served as a haven, a place of refuge for those who fled from serfdom and autocracy in the north. Until the reign of Peter I the Russian(Muscovite) government dealt with the Don region through the Posolski Prikaz or office of foreign affairs.

[srooooool]

In case you have not noticed but half, if not more, of the Kuban Cossack folksongs and melodies are actually Ukrainian. There are Kuban Cossack songs that do not have a word of Russian in them. Now how can you explain this phenomenon? As for always being part of Russia Cossackdom does not owe its origins to Russia, or Muscovy.

[srooooool]

They are not decended from the Zaporozhian Cossacks?? Excuse me, but the Zaporozhians settled the Kuban region following the destruction of their sich by Catharine II. In fact it was Potemkin who conceived of the project to settle the northwest Kavkaz region with the displaced Zaporozhians in 1792.

[lukashin]

Are you a cossack? The cossacks have a different dialect, and the songs are not in "Ukrainian" They are in Slobodan dialect from east ukraine, which is a proto of Russian. But there are many other dialects that cossacks speak. Where cossacks came from was never part of ukraine untill after 1945.

[SharruKin]

Kuban Cossack are a mix of Zaporozian Cossacks and Don Cossacks, no more and no less.

[srooooool]

Hail Russia??? Hah, if only they were Russian.

May God bless and defend the people of Ukraine and the Cossacks.

These Kuban Cossacks are the descendants of the Zaporozhians. Thanks to Catharine the not so great, her choice to destroy the Sich contributed to the exodus to the Kuban, as well as the Dunai delta. Russians indeed!!!

[Adragil]

Yes, and still however, kubanskie kazaki gave oath of loyalty to the RUSSIAN czar. And there's no way that they are decendats from zaporozhkie kazaki. I am a donskoj kazak, and that's true that kazaks do not like to be called Russians, but still they were always part of Russia and served Russia.

[lukashin]

This is true. Ukrainians are just pissy because they try to steal the history of cossacks. I am don cossack, I was born in what is known as ukraine but I am not ukrainian I am cossack. But yes the cossacks from zaporoje and don did settle in kuban

[Yourong18]

Hail Russia! And Gog save the proud and strong russian men.