States of Matter - Science Theater 30

[cindyandbreanne]

WHATS THE MATTER?

[RedDarknessRose]

I have this for my test do thanks

[MsLovebug41]

thx i am studying this and have a test tomorrow so this is perfect for me!

[nuruladeq]

cool!!! ;D the best part is waiting 4 the N2 turns to solid~

[wambatcombat]

how bout plasma?

[AABart95]

oh wow! I loved how he did that! :) that is awesome!

[Silverbells516]

Hi Dr. Carlson,

I'm a NYC tech teacher, and I'm in a STEM program at NY Instit of Tech. We're learning how to incorporate STEM across the curriculum. This was a tall order for me because I'm not a science person per se! But I'd like to know if I could have an email dialog with you about STEM, and your ideas for teachers who don't necessarily teach science to open up the idea of science to kids! Thanks

Linda

[hapycamper]

@Silverbells516 Would be happy to talk. Find my email over at wwwScienceTheaterNet.... -Dr. C

[sciencetheater]

Plasma is cool, but I don't have the setup to show off plasma... (well, look at the sun, maybe?) There are other states besides those four (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) as well... in fact my wife studies various states of electrons in matter... they have some really funky states (vortex smectic anyone?)

[ntrjaproductions]

@sciencetheater how about bose einstien condenstate?

[sciencetheater]

@ntrjaproductions Yep, yet another "fun" state of matter.

[marybob321]

what about plasma...

[sciencetheater]

@marybob321 Yet another state. Note that if you take into account electronic properties there are many, many states of matter... (liquid crystal or vortex smectic anyone?)

[abashka13]

I never studied chemistry before but id like to start, u make it kinda easy. which book would you recommend for a total beginner to master chemistry in the shortest period possible.

[sciencetheater]

@abashka13 That's a tall order... I don't have a good reccomendation (I haven't written one yet... :) Perhaps a "for Dummies" book or something....?

[megamanzero999]

@abashka13 lol how old are you? i just got out of 6th grade and im 12 and my science class taught everything about matter (and more (such as the things in this video like sublimation, ect.)) o_o

[Hedgehoggy1983]

I wonder what you would have done with other states of matter, such as superfluidity, plasma or the mesomorphic state to name a few.

[sciencetheater]

Mostly I would have needed better and more expensive equipment... someday when I have an actual television show with funding, maybe... ;)

[nicoledemi15]

pls make more vid about science in MATTER i just love chemistry i got a 98 on my card

[nicoledemi15]

thanks so much u made this vid this help me so muh in my studys i got an A+ on our last test

[nattybumpoe21]

Dr. Carlson, Outstanding vids, I use them in adult ed teaching Hazardous Materials response. They reinforce the concepts I teach and break up the monotony of the class. Great work, don't stop.

[sciencetheater]

Thanks a lot. I don't plan on stopping, but having two kids not even in school yet has slowed me down some... :)

[nattybumpoe21]

No problem, best wishes to you and the family. Be safe and as a father of 2 daughters in college, just learn to roll with it, It is certainly a life changing experience. Take care and be safe.

[fergiezies]

You should make a video on how to do the MATH part of changing the states of matter, I dont get how to do it, I need to understand that for a test coming up.

[BGDPPL]

is it true that glass is technicaly a liquid?

i heard someone say it was because if you look at realy old glass then it is thicker at the bottom than at the top, because it is driping down apparently

so is this true, and if so, how does this happen?

if its total nonsense then maby i just dreamd it all up lol

[sciencetheater]

Glass can be thought of as a liquid, just a really, really slow moving one (called "viscous"). Old glass windows are thicker at the bottom.

Think of honey. What if it flowed really, really slow instead of just slow? You could form it into shapes, etc...

What makes most glass objects glass are the atoms/molecules that are disordered, so they can move around a bit and deform even though they seem solid.

[BGDPPL]

thanks :D

that kinda cool in a sciency kind of way

but that got me thinking of another question

how do we then know what is solid and what is infact just realy, realy slow moving liquids?

for example, if we tied a bar of iron to hang in the middle of a room, and left it for 100s, 1000s or millions or even billions of years, then could it also apear to move like glass?

is there any deffinitive way we can prove a solid from viscous liquids?

[sciencetheater]

The simple reply here is that we look at the atomic structure of things to see if they're a liquid or a solid. In solids, the atoms line up in nice, neat patterns. In liquids, they are all jumbled up in disorder. So they can "flow" past each other in a liquid. This means the atoms and molecules in glass are somewhat "jumbled up", but they flow past each other so slowly, its hard to tell that it actually has liquid properties...

[BGDPPL]

damn, i wish you were my science teacher back in school, i actualy enjoy your teachings, unlike many other science teachers

although i think i will stick with the social sciences, seeing as i got a C for chemistry and a A for politcs haha

[Hedgehoggy1983]

@sciencetheater

It's sometimes said glass in very old churches is thicker at the bottom than at the top since glass is a liquid, and so over centuries it has flowed towards the bottom. In Mediaeval times panes of glass were often made by the Crown glass process. A lump of molten glass was rolled, blown, expanded, flattened and finally spun into a disc before being cut into panes. The sheets were thicker towards the edge of the disc and were usually installed with the heavier side at the bottom.

[sciencetheater]

I'm in France at the moment and am totally looking to see this effect. One of my favorite anecdotes about glass being a liquid...

[360assassin3]

i have a science project due soon and i have to show ALL THREE and somehow bring it to school its grade 7 science please HELP ME

:l

[sciencetheater]

All three from the same substance? You could bring ice cubes, liquid water, and boil some somehow.

Otherwise, bring any solid and liquid, and call Air your gas...

[saltydog78]

If water is in solid form, does the atoms in this solid state--move or vibrate? If so, does that imply that there exist heat in ice?

And if vibration implies a certain degree of heat in any one substance, then what do you think happens in dry ice during sublimation?

thanks

[sciencetheater]

Yes, atoms are vibrating around in ice. That's why you can have colder ice and warmer ice. You may have noticed that some ice makes your fingers "stick" to it as it freezes the moisture between it and your fingers. Warmer ice simply melts into water.

Dry ice goes from solid directly to gas, so when the vibrations get large enough they break free of the solid to become a gas, they don't stick around (together) long enough to form a liquid.

[sciencetheater]

A fun fact is that even at "absolute zero" quantum effects mean that there is still some small amount of "movement" in the atoms...

[mrsticky005]

It's got the shape of my hand...(falls off hand)

oh whatever...

[tinkabell333]

i hav 2 wach dis 4 skool

((i love science))

[fiable262626]

cool how it rapidly expands

[mikeytheaznking]

could you do one on all of the states of matter....?just explain some please

[sciencetheater]

Those are the three basic ones. Another "biggie" is plasma, which is hard to describe briefly... (really hot?)

Then there are lots of little states that are quite special... like liquid crystals, "vortex smectic", etc... that are probably not worth going into at this level.

[mikeytheaznking]

o ok well thanks for the video anyways

[slasher667]

a superheated highly energised gas would be the simplest near explanation...

[sciencetheater]

Pretty good short explanation, except you used the word "gas" in the explanation and the whole point is that plasma is not a gas... :)  It is a different state of matter.

As a chemist, I'm always thinking of what's going on at the atomic level and that's somewhat complex to bust out in a catch phrase. "like a gas, but hotter" doesn't really address the differences.

[slasher667]

for a practical explanation to the people of youtube, superheated gas is the best explanation, and in a practical application, aka, when used to cut metals, it has the same application and basic setup of another gaseous cutting method.

[sciencetheater]

Cool. It had not occurred to me that plasmas were used in everyday industrial applications.

And then I was reminded of the many uses of "cold" plasmas (plasma balls, fluorescent lights, etc...) To accommodate these as well, I'd vote for a "YouTube" definition of something like: "An electrically conductive gas that can form structures"

[slasher667]

yea, its used all the time, in lights, for melting metals in furnaces, for cutting metal, infact, plasma is imho the best for cutting steel plate.

basically you take a gas and pump it through a nozel, then you take another inert gas and pump it outside the other gas as a shield from atmosphere and you pass an electric current through the inner, active gas, this causes it to heat up to usually around 26000 degrees celcius and voila, industrial plasma cutting :D

[swsloper]

plasma is an ionised gas. meaning its stripped of its electrons

[LordTeaOfBiscuits]

if he did one on all the states of matter then he would have well over 60 videos lol......plasma is just a hot ionised gas, that acts like a liquid...in a nutshell

[mcolem10]

Thank you for explaining that in it simplistic form.....

[sciencetheater]

Glad I could help.

[uncomentario]

perfect!!!! thanks for sharing

[sherlocksden]

Bill Nye has a rival!