Hubble's Expanding Universe Red Shifts The Big Bang

[globito42]

Very useful for my exam.

The universe is amazing !

[jahigginbotham]

© 2004 WGBH Educational Foundation. All Rights Reserved.

Adapted from NOVA and NASA. Footage and photographs courtesy of Carnegie Observatories, Carnegie Institution of Washington, The Huntington Library and NASA.

[jimlovesgina]

@xkrn..etc

Isaac Newton was also an alchemist. Calling him a christian isn't saying much.

[4evrskater]

doing a project on him, any help? btw im in school now so HURRY lol

[michaeljackson419]

@4evrskater So am I! :)

[4evrskater]

@michaeljackson419 lol

[Neeluum]

@lilsm555 Oh shut up! A fake story, I'm sorry but I have evidence, and that's the Quran and the first bible, so don't even bother, starting something.

[lilsm555]

@Neeluum If you have every taken religious studies you know there is no evidence backing them up EVERYONE knows those were man made books sigh grow up.

[Neeluum]

@lilsm555 Seriously shut up, you don't know what your talking about. If you EVER been to a religious studies class you would know the first ever Quran are not man made. Don't speak for everyone either, cause not EVERYONE believes that, its just sad people who know they'll probably go to hell. So shut the fuck up.

[lilsm555]

@Neeluum LMFAO the only person who has no idea what they are talking about is you. They are MYTHS they arent even accurate with reality. When you die you go nowhere you just stop existing and if i do go to hell oh well i refuse to bow down before a tyrant. Id rather sit in hell with all the smart people while all the retards go to heaven. sike not because you dont GO ANYWHERE its a lie lmfao

[lilsm555]

@Neeluum Go to school kid lmao you have no idea about anything its sad that the human race still believes in a god because they fear death just accept it and move on and enjoy the life you have. That's truly whats sad that you cant even tell that your being sold a LIE!

[Neeluum]

@lilsm555 Ok whatever believe what you want. I don't really give a dogs shit about you tbh. So yeah kool.

[Neeluum]

@lilsm555 Ok whatever, you think that. So many believe in a God, but obviously you don't, but do you know what that's fine. Believe what you want, but don't you dare, sit there and judge and tell me I'm wrong. But there is one thing you should do, read the quran in the english version, then judge, don't bother judging if you haven't done your research.

[imanonymous93]

@Neeluum If i read the quaran it still wouldnt give me any evidence of a god and that is the reason i am atheist, because there is no evidence of god, and that is common of all atheists.

[MERVskilton]

On this 30th day of December in 1924, Edwin Hubble announced the existence of other galaxies, after we thought we were the only galaxy, and before that we thought we lived on a flat Earth, so imagine how much more we have to discover, inside and out of us? ~ Anton K (2010)

[jlfqam]

Some logical suggestions to this “anthropocentric redshift” could be:

-The ageing of photons: their energy could fade slightly, proportionally to the time traveled so their wavelength increases?

-The farthest light is coming from an ancient Universe, billions of years ago. How likely is it that the Physical properties of Universe have evolved since then?

Physical constants involved in spectroscopy measurements like Balmer’s or Rydberg’s could have “changed” together with a “cooling” Universe.

[g4xtr]

@jlfqam Redshift is due to the common doppler effect

[Heather1415]

So much of this assumes that the universe is expanding and accelerating away from us in all directions. That makes us the centre of the universe. Hmm, I have my doubts. So why else does the light red shift. Well, here’s my theory. Classic physics tells us that all objects have a natural frequency. It's what makes a bell ring.

[Heather1415]

The mass of the object can be calculated from its natural frequency and vice versa. Apply this to light particles and we have a simple way of calculating the mass of the particles from the frequency of the light.

Let's assume that these particles of light pick up a little dust on their trek toward us. The farther they come, the more their mass would increase which would lower, or red shift, their natural frequency.

Sorry Hubble, the universe is NOT expanding after all!

[a4l4e999]

Allah Akbar.

This Days , and this days only with all this tech , humans discover that the entire universe is expanding , but Prophet Mohammed tell us that ALLAH(GOD) said in Holy Quran ( (وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ)

and that verse mean that god build the outer sky and we for god" expanding it .

If Mohammed The Prophet is not a messenger from God , how he would know that fact , and IF God Allah is not the creator of all things how he would know

Islam is the true

[scuffieduffie]

@a4l4e999

No one can make all the beautifull out there in our cosmos.

I belive in the expantion of one star at the biginning of time, known as big bang theorie.

Most of it is discoverd, but i am still waiting for that they discover new life, becouse i know for sure that our tiny planet is not the only one in the whole universe that can support life.

but yea, this is what i belive that is what you belive,no offence.

[stopdemockery]

If the universe is expanding faster than the speed of light, why are the stars in the sky in the same relative positions as they were thousands of years ago? Why are the constellations the same?

[supergiuovane]

@stopdemockery they are not,but this has nothing to do with the expansion of the universe. its effect can be only be observed on much larger scales

[kee124]

theology aside, how do we detect the red shift? and those spectral lines? spec troscopy??

[Hustman1619]

We Are The Universe Broken Down To It's Most Consciousness Form..!!!

[flippyrocks892]

I love how scientists are atheists...it's nice to talk to some people who aren't daft and blind.

[lilsm555]

@flippyrocks892 i know id probably hate life if everyone only talked about the word of some imaginary god.

[Neeluum]

@lilsm555 'Some imaginary god' I'm sorry but isn't that offensive? I really don't think you have the right to say that.

[lilsm555]

@Neeluum I have the right to say w/e i want no one on this planet can tell me what to say as long as i live in a free country. Religion is a fairy tale for simple people in a complex universe. 

[JAMOBU]

@flippyrocks892- What about Georges Lemaître? The idea of the Big Bang came from him.

[TheJackPicasso]

@JAMOBU Without the expanding universe of Hubble, the Big bang theory would be noting. but i join you in the fact that we should thank him to

[TheJackPicasso]

@flippyrocks892 The best scientists were true believers.

[xkrnposerx256]

@flippyrocks892 Isaac Newton was a christian. I guess he was daft a blind ehh?

[bads482]

@flippyrocks892 abit rude don't you think? statistics show that most scientist believe in God

[021377EVILONE]

Your god does not exsist,you all have brainwashed to have fear in something that was created to cotrol you and the rest of the world...dont believe me!?..then look around you and see that your all blind men leading the blind,believing in something you've never seen....

[kenny8331]

how do they explain that the milky way is colliding with andromeda?

[Gorepwn]

there is not a redshift, but a blueshift! :)

[kenny8331]

i know but if everythings expanding why would we still be colliding with other galaxies

[Bode0123456789]

@kenny8331 Well it could either be that the rate in which we are expanding isn't (yet) greater then the speeds at which we are heading towards Adromeda.

OR

Coinsedently we only measure blue shift from the nearest stars and galaxies, which makes one wonder how correct the redshift measurements are really... (think about it, light loses energy as is travels trough great 'voids' and is affected by many ways wich could influence their redshift)

OR

none of the above.

[2009abuabdullah]

And the heaven We created with might, and indeed We are (its) expander. (Quran 51:47)

At the time of the revelation of the Quran, the word space was not known, and people used the word heaven to refer to what lies above the Earth. In the above verse, the word heaven is referring to space and the known universe. The verse points out that space, and thus the universe, happens to be expanding, just as Hubbles Law states.

[kenny8331]

@2009abuabdullah wrong. what did that have to do with what i said?

[2009abuabdullah]

@kenny8331 Nothing! Do you believe in God?

[kenny8331]

@2009abuabdullah yea jabroni god is great

[phonepkh]

@kenny8331 TROLLING AGAIN WASTE OF SKIN?

man get a life you angry little man, thanks for another place to write crap about you TROLL,

I can troll too fool

sorry about this Acorvettes

Great Video really cool.

But This Kenny Dork does nothing but claim to know everything,

and TROLLS across Youtube writting crap on peoples stuff and Has nothing to show for it, NOTHING he is just all MOUTH!!! I wish this was SOUTH PARK so someone would kill KENNY!!!

[kenny8331]

@phonepkh wow you follow me around replying to all my posts, sounds like a troll to me. hey everyone this guy wrote a song and i didnt like it so now he follows me around harassing me. what a weirdo loser. people are allowed to not like your song dude, i mean it is horrible and you look like mr. boogedy from that movie

[phonepkh]

@kenny8331 see 2009abuabdullah this man is a TROLL looking for an argument as he is a Lonely Do Nothing TROLL, he is pushing buttons as he cannot in a real world life,

[abbekhan]

of ur mighty lord most kindfull,mercifull, master day of justic,most high,We created all liveing beeings from water and everything in pairs somes u know somes u know nothing about but refusers see not any sign turn scowled faces retun back says its mortal verses,magic nothing but stories of olds how when our bones r dust we shell raise up from dust say he who created u from unclean drop of water if u remember its easy for him to wake u up for justic what u hide,sent and left behind,H QURAN,

[abbekhan]

Refusers see not we r expending universe from biger to huge biger,earth was joint w univers and before universe was only looks like smoke(GAS GIANT) we seprated earth from universe w huge blast then we decorated lowest world of heaven with lights,planets floting in orbits even whole universe floting in there decided fixed orbits still they shell refuse from truth,If we want u on earth and those who lives between earth and heaven gather u all 1 meeting point then u know well this quran is words

[zayzstation]

This is good stuff. this is the same exact info that my textbook talks about, so this is a good review for my test.

[Roachehh]

fucking neeks

[ah4fecksake]

@Roachehh whats a neek?

[onemarktwoyou]

is "c" not a constant? well i guess the red shift is a lie. you can not tell how fast or how far something is with a red shift. its like using a tape measure made with elastic. the red shift has properties that we don't understand. first it shouldn't exist. second it occurs in bands, not a smear as it is predicted for something that can't exist. third how do you use "c" to predict red shift speeds, when the spectrum is shifted? bad math does not make good science. newton would kick some rears.

[badamoss]

in your face religion

[inventorr77]

How many "blue-shifted" stellar light spectrum observations have been discovered? In other words, how many stars (suns) out there are moving toward us?

The more we learn, the more we realize we don't know... and the biggest obstacle to the progression of our understanding is our illusion of knowledge.

[luker4459]

"the biggest obstacle to the progression of our understanding is our illusion of knowledge"

That is true in relation to religion (because religion is never willing to admit it is wrong), but not to science.

Science is always willing to change its ideas, throw out old theories and think differently when new information comes to light. Scientists are definitely not being held back by a false sense of knowledge.

[samgoddam]

at 2:00 that looks like sperm

[zamrock20]

lol ye ^_^

[kobasica]

Red shift? I think they meant the Compton Effect.

[fiesta181]

why would you have to post such a stupid comment? You were asking people to make fun of you and so they did. Ah Ah Ah

[jennyhanson27]

i imagine it would be in the blue end of the spectrum, with a very short wavelength.

[pjholl]

Hahaha, more like Gamma rays.

[hyalitemar]

So polpoint, do you understand why I am being harsh with you? You are making elementary mistakes in your reading comprehension. Please further your education before making infantile observations. If you want to argue a point, show me the math. If we were arguing optics, which seems to be a point of yours (observed redshift) , argue in the mathematics of optics. An example would be S=Rl-SQRT Rl^2-(d/2)^2, a formula for making optical telescope lenses. You must disprove it, I don't have to.

[hyalitemar]

One can look at the car over time and note it's diminishing size. One can either conclude that the vehicle is shrinking or moving away, or that some other phenomenon is at work. Science does not require faith, only objectivity. It is not up to me or anyone else to show you how things are done. If you are skeptical, it is up to you to educate yourself if you so wish it. Learn advanced math, do your own experiments, read what other people are doing.

[hyalitemar]

As the car approaches the tone increases relative to the car's velocity to you. On the side of a freeway, we would hear a high tone since the sound waves that reach our ear are compressed. At the moment the car passes us, the tone of the horn we hear immediately changes to a low tone as the sound waves from the horn are now stretched out. Light waves are similar. Get in your car to 70mph and try it with you friends. Even do the math if you like. The evidence is clear.

[polpoint]

Thanks for the explanation, but I understand how the Doppler effect works. The problem I have is that I have seen no evidence that the same principle can be applied to light travelling over interstellar distances. This tenuous thread seems to be the basis for the entire universe expansion, big bang theory and scrapping of the eternal universe model. I was just trying to find out if I am incorrect and there actually is other evidence that points to the universe being in an expansive state.

[hyalitemar]

The nice thing about science in that it is demonstrable and can be broken down into steps. If you are looking for evidence of an expanding and accelerating universe, without regard to actual observations and experiment, your quest is more of a spiritual one rather than a scientific one. Your question in regards to Doppler seems to say, well, without using our ears or sound waves, how can you prove a car is moving away without using sound. There are many avenues that you can pursue.

[polpoint]

Why do you say without regard to actual observations and experiment. That is exactly what I am asking for. Note when I was asking for "other evidence" and before that "anything besides the red shift...that ponts towards this" My question was never in regards to Doppler, you are the one who brought that up. I am talking about the effect vast distances have on electromagnetic radiation and what we use as a basis to determine that everything does in fact exhibit a red shift from its true emanations

[polpoint]

I like how people who question "fundamentals" of science are all of a sudden not asking scientific questions. Much of what I have been taught is completely wrong if not a flat out lie, so I am inclined to question the basis for everything else and look at the actual evidence that led to those conclusions. Twice now you have either misrepresented or not understood what I said.

[polpoint]

Now thank you for arguing your "point" or whatever with me because it has led me to the work Halton Arp and his book Quasars, Redshifts and Controversies, which shows galaxies which are associated with one another in some way that exhibit vastly different red shifts. This seems to lend credence to mine and Wcoltd's point of view that the red shift may be caused by some type of inaccuracy at measurement or lack of understanding on some point, willful ignorance, or something else entirely.

[hyalitemar]

Critical thinking skills are a must in any objective endeavor. Local gravitational effects, originating inertia, etc.. account for, "...galaxies which are associated with one another in some way that exhibit vastly different red shifts..." is a given. A third party observing the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies at several billion light years distant would note that the Milky Way and Andromeda have varying red shifts from their point of view. Galactic collision is the reason.

[hyalitemar]

Well polpoint, given that the resources to your questions are available online, offline, the library, etc..., and that intellectual tools are out there to help you answer questions you may have, like math; I find it disingenuous of you to troll onto this forum demanding that everyone answer your questions in the name of curiosity. For if you are truly curious, you would peruse the answers through the above mentioned resources BEFORE leaving pestering comments and questions.

[hyalitemar]

Your statement, "...to determine that everything does in fact exhibit a red shift from its true emanations...", is incorrect. There are observations of bodies outside of our galaxy that are "moving toward us" and are correspondingly blue shifted. The Andromeda Galaxy is one example.

[csutton5]

Doesnt this theory mean that there was an exact time of creation at an absolute time of nothingness

[polpoint]

I don't believe that the "big bang" was the "creation" of our universe or even that our universe is expanding. Is there anything besides the red shift & the background radiation that points towards this? I would be happy to learn more and have a better understanding.

[hyalitemar]

polpoint, red shift is definitive in itself of an expanding universe as surely as you observe a car driving away from you as a expanding distance between you and it as the car appears smaller and smaller. If you need more convincing, imagine a standing on the side of the road. A car approaches with its horn blasting and continues as it drives out of sight. Can you imagine the tone that you hear?

[hyalitemar]

As the car approaches the tone increases relative to the car's velocity to you. On the side of a freeway, we would hear a high tone since the sound waves that reach our ear are compressed. At the moment the car passes us, the tone of the horn we hear immediately changes to a low tone as the sound waves from the horn are now stretched out. Light waves are similar. Get in your car to 70mph and try it with you friends. Even do the math if you like. The evidence is clear.

[Wcoltd]

How do we know that the redshift is exclusively a measure of relative recession velocity? Imagine that a supernova is displaced at huge distance D with respect to the observer will become red-shifted with distance even though the body remains at rest with respect to the observer.

[Andygers1]

The red-shift can only occur when there is a change in wavelength, so if both the observer and the super-nova remain at rest then you won't get the change in frequency observed which causes the red-shift to begin with. The doppler effect which is the key bit of physics which explains why there is a red-shift only occurs when there is a change in observed frequency. Therefore the frequency of light you would see if both observer and supernova were stationary would be the same constantly.

[Wcoltd]

Your assumption that red-shift can only occur occur due to the Doppler effect is presumptuous, there may be effects of space-time on the macro scale that we are not yet aware of.

Recession velocity leads to red-shift

I see redshift, therefore there must be a recession velocity!

No. any number of things can lead to red-shift.

[Andygers1]

However if the supernova began to move away then there would be a change in observed frequency and hence the red shift. That's how I understand it anyway, please correct me if I'm wrong anyone.

[Wcoltd]

I get all that, but how do we know that the red-shift is solely the result of the doppler effect, and not the result of some other cause?

Luminosity should drop at a function based upon the distance to the observer, redshift is a function of distance according to the Hubble constant, and is also currently believed to be a function of the star's recession velocity. If the red-shift is a measure of the bodies recession velocity, then distance should be increasing based on the value of red-shift.

[Wcoltd]

I hope we all agree on this, now...

How do we know this recession velocity exists?

There should be observable signatures, effects on the bodies observed luminosity. The luminosity should be a function of the distance and of the time-dilation. However I have been unable to find studies on prolonged captures of type 1a supernovae showing this 'dimming' in brighness over time and without this evidence I find it premature to describe the red-shift as the result of the doppler effect.

[polpoint]

I completely agree with all that you have said. I, myself, have been searching for the same answers and come up with nothing. It seems that the whole big-bang theory is built upon this one red-shift assumption. And then has been further "proven" by background radiation showing a lumpy primordial soup that is supposed to be still radiating after 20 billion years or however young they think the universe is.

[Wcoltd]

A good way to disprove our theory is to through the following method;

measure a distant galaxy's luminosity and redshift, after a certain amount of time has passed, measure the luminosity and redshift again.

We can safely assume that luminosity will be a function of distance, if the distance increases with time, then the luminosity should drop by a proportional amount. That drop in luminosity over time should exactly agree with redshift observations.

[chof0319]

Only Quran mentions expanding Universe, Bible has been changed and updated various time, one version says another thing and other cannot be taken of gods word. Bible talks of past tense not future.

[xxfisher321xx]

Job 9:8; Isaiah 42:5; Jeremiah 51:15; Zechariah 12:1). Repeatedly God declares that He stretches out the heavens.Edwin Hubble showed that distant galaxies were receding from the earth, and the further away they were, the faster they were moving. This discovery revolutionized the field of astronomy. Einstein admitted his mistake, and today most astronomers agree with what the Creator told us millennia ago -- the universe is expanding.

[scourfish]

I like how the religious people always feel the need to come around science based discussions and throw their shit around. It doesn't convert people and it makes the religous come off as arrogant. Doing stuff like that only shows commitment of the sin of pride.

Physicists don't interrupt church sermons.

[xxfisher321xx]

But how can you say the bible is wrong when the facts are right in front of you? The Big bang is a falsehood, The Bible is the only Logically correct way of it. I can disprove the Big Bang in 5 words, The 2nd Law of ThermoDynamics.

[scourfish]

If you want to interpret the bible to mean what you want, fine, nobody is stopping you; however you are trying to troll science based discussion in order to feel better about yourself. You're either insecure about your beliefs to that regard, or committing the deadly sin of pride.

Also, if you want to get slammed scientifically, I'll oblige. The 2nd law of thermodynamics relates to heat and energy transfer. You have no idea what you are talking about and you are not qualified to discuss this.

[xxfisher321xx]

Crap, woops, Well the One the that says that When a spinning object comes off of another spinning object, it spins the same way. And what else do you think this means? Jeremiah 51:15 - He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established the world by his wisdom, and by his understanding hath he stretched out the heavens.

[scourfish]

>>Well the One the that says that When a

>>spinning object comes off of another spinning

>>object, it spins the same way.

You are describing quantum entanglement. I'm not sure if you are trying to correct yourself or not. "well, I said entropy, but I meant to say quantum entanglement." Then you made a reference to a biblical passage you find analagous to cosmic expansion.

I was going to recommend that you read Brian Greene's "The Fabric of the Cosmos" but it'd probably waste your time.

[mallamoozoo]

why does a redshift imply velocity - maybe the far galaxies are redder just because they are older and colder, but not actually moving.

????????? I dunno - just a thought!

[SimplyGolam]

hey Brainmold... good job! No offense intended to anybody who's religiously inclined though.

[Orion090]

I dont understand how people can believe in evolution. Anyone who does believe in evolution i would like to ask you a question. where did matter come from?

[moeron21]

I don't know, but apparently you were there to see it.

[Orion090]

I wasnt there

[RexNunc]

Evolution has been proven the same as 2+2=4. It's embarrassing to watch someone defend creationism.

[Brainmold]

Orion90 Cosmology and evolution are two different subjects.

[Orion090]

no you only say that because you dont want to think about how it came around...i have heard that line soo many times..

[Brainmold]

You keep hearing it because you are not listening. People are more than willing to discuss either subject. They just need to make sure you are not confused about it.

[Orion090]

Its all evolution

[Brainmold]

NO. Look up these topics separately: Big bang theory, abiogenesis, and evolution. You cannot debate if you are ignorant.

[mistaunbeatabl]

i dont quite believe in the big bang theory either. where did the matter that caused the big bang theory come from? its couldn't have been there for eternity. god plays a mediator somewhere here, and what will get your head rattling even more is how did got there before anything existed?

[Brainmold]

You can believe in a God, but not the Big Bang? Is a God incapable of creating a universe through a Big Bang? Surely a God can answer all problems regarding such a feat, such as where the matter came from. You have to ask yourself why you think a God would not or could not utilize such a method of universe making. You may find your difficulty due to religious doctrine such as the Koran or the Christian bible.

[mistaunbeatabl]

i dont think that god created the universe  through the big bang. Every major religion rejects the notion of the big bang. Additionally, there are still so many unanswered questions with the bog bang theory that scientist simply can't account for.

[Brainmold]

So you regard religions as scientific information?

[mistaunbeatabl]

absolutely not. they are 2 completely different things. religion is faith, religion is information which has no scientific proof. either u believe in god and and his creation of the world or the scientifically proven (even with some ambiguities) big bang theory.

[Brainmold]

All sciences have ambiguities, but we can still use them to make medicine, rockets, and cell phones. Ambiguity, or unknowns do not invalidate science. People use Gods to address unanswered questions.

[mobiltec]

Kinda makes ya feel small eh?

[Acorvettes]

yep

[GreatGungHolio]

@mobiltec Thats because we are small.

[TheSheefs]

@mobiltec

I think it's cool that we're so small, but we have the capacity to question and find out so much about our universe... That's what makes me feel not-so-small :)

[mobiltec]

@TheSheefs Good point. Small as individuals. But a large capacity to reach out and search.

[italsand20]

what are they talking about? there is only earth and our planet is flat...what is all this talk??