Broistol Calabar Slave Trade Link

[vixxy02]

Furthermore when we say 'Town' that referrers to the clan or 'house' as we say, hence you have Duke Town,Henshaw Town, Cobham Town,Big Qua Town,Akim Qua Town,Ishie Town etc. These are ALL names of Clans,whose territories are within or make up Calabar.Big Qua and Akim Qua are NOT Efik clans or territories, they are Abakpa,but they are right in the centre of Calabar.They ALL make up and are part of Calabar Metropolis.

[Killayut]

Berbice creole.. check for the word berbice creole on any search engine and you will find how ancient slaves of Guyana AND OTHER CARIBBEAN people spoke Kalabari ijaw.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut If 'Kala' and 'pari' are the words that form the name of the Kalabari, the Ijaw would call it KALAPARI, you've used this sort of argument before. 'Perebo Kalabari' means 'Wealthy man of the Kalabari'. There's no arguing on that because that is what it means. Fishing in distant seas doesn't mean that the fishers must have established whatever can be found there. Pidgin came to Nigeria largely via Sierra Leone from Jamaica. Portuguese made the Kalabari kingdom successful, we know this.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil LOL mr OFtheSoil I just found you are Igbo. I have made a mistake of arguing with you since you Igbos hate the Niger delta so badly and would not appreciate anything good from there. You also are the ones claiming all the Niger delta traditions calling them yours when you actually borrowed from them. For your infor HALF of Kalabari Population today is Igbo. I wont tell you how come you find out.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut So the Igbo hate the 'Niger Delta' so much that they regularly marry off their daughters to 'Niger Deltan's'? If half of the Kalabari population is Igbo, then do half of the Kalabari hate the other non-Igbo half? This discussion had nothing to do with the Igbo. Calabar is a land inhabited by the Efut and Ekoi first and then controlled by the Efik, that's the point that you need to understand along with the fact that 'Kalabari' is not an African word. What wrong is there in that?

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil This guy, you be proper Egbeh. LOL. You need to be smart. LOL. very funny. Igbos of today hate the Niger Deltans. Now you got it abi ? for your infor . Abi is from the word ABILITY. and my elderly uncle just told me. He said his own uncles used to say Abi instead of ability. many people think Abi is a yoruba word just like they thought KAMPE is a yoruba word too.. i DEY HERE KAMPE. Kampe is a french word used by the cameroun pidgin speakers

[Killayut]

Respond to this video...Calabar is a town inhabited today by the people you mentioned no doubt but the point is Calabar is a name spelt by the portuguese and pronounced CALABARI and was refferd to the people they met at the shore settled or not settled. Calabar IS NOT A PORTUGUESE WORD. Ijaw fisher men never had a boundary in The Niger delta and the entire coast of the bight of BONNY ( Biafra )

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Read a book and learn something instead of listening to rumours. You can believe what you want, but for the last time, Pidgin is derived from Sierra Leone Creole and some Portuguese and French ones from Lagos and other areas, Calabar is a Portuguese word given first to the New Kalabar river and then the town Calabar which was what the Kalabari become referred to. There's no such word or statement as 'Kalabari' in the Ijaw language, any attempt to claim it Ijaw is wrong.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Sierra Leone was founded more than 50 years when pidgin was founded in the Niger delta. Free town was founded to settle freed slaves after slave trade was abolished. The slaves being settled at free town already spoke pidgin. They were mainly brought from the Niger delta en-route to the new world and were freed on the high sea and settled in Freetown that became Sierra Leone. They took pidgin to Free town.

[EgbesuJuju2010]

@OftheSoil I believe if one researches carefully you will find that the Efik are probably a mix of Ibbibio, Ijaw and iGBO, and Kalabari is an Ijaw word. Andoni are an Ijaw group that are mixed with groups from Akwa Ibom they even lived in Southern Cameroun at one time. There are probably only a few places on the coast of W.Africa that Ijaw have not settled( I cannot think of any) the problem is Ijaw groups went by several different names and assimilated lot of peoples, but the blood is there.

[EgbesuJuju2010]

@EgbesuJuju2010 So the fact that Kalabari lived in Calabar before the Efiks is not unusual. We are a nomadic people, Beni Otu, water people, it is our way of life. The Portuguese first met us in Calabar pre 15th century. It is a fact that Efiks came to Calabar in the 15th century you think such a beautiful place would have gone unnoticed till then. Let us try and use common sense and stop depending only on European hear say.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil not kala abd pari but kala and Bari. you can't even idenitify Typo

[Killayut]

Argumnent should be based on reasoning and not ignorance. people who say Calabaly or Carribaly would only be making a KALABARI mistake pronounciation. We are CALYBALY or Carabaly people.An Efik man would say I am an Efik man in the olden days. Go to Calabar and you will see it is not a native settlement. The native towns surround it and most of them are new native settlements. The Obong stool itself was moved to the town and not that the people built the town with the Obong as the head

[Killayut]

Pidgin never had many african vobulary. It was just bad grammar based on french and english. The Kalabari dialect is said to be a form of creolecos it is a mixture of European words, Igbo, Ijaw, Yoruba and Edo. Kalabari towns like Abonnema, Buguma and Bakana were arranged and built by the Portuguese. They are the only towns of such. Visit the towns and see and see 14Th century Portuguese structures arranged in portuguese family patterns call Polo ( polis) metro-poly ( center of family square

[Killayut]

In Nigeria due to our sarcasm people refer to every one from the axis of Efik as a Calabar boy because they were known to love cheap labour. People still refer to Akwa Ibom people as Calabar. Mistakes are never corrected by Nigerians .And Nigerians do not even reason and learn to know the truth. They continue with a mistake for ever.. They do not even make analysis and try to understand why things happen and for what ? So its difficult to convince them.

[Killayut]

So it wont be amazing that the portuguse who came by boat actually met the Kalabaris at an anchore point and called the place after the name of the tribe Kalabari WHICH THEY SPELT Calabar but pronounced Calabari.. the Kalabaris in the oral tradition say the Efiks were their neighbours in their former region and they used Efiks as sacrifice to water spirit. Kalabari is an Ijaw word.. KALA means little and pari means charity. its from the name Perebo ye Kalabari who is the ancestor.

[Killayut]

The Niger delta was never under any kingdom and there was no established boundary. Different tribes fish in the creek and river of the region but the majority are the Ijaws. Today Efik towns like IDDO, Okpo and a few are a part of Kalabari NOT BY INVASION BUT BY INFLUENCE. The people still maintain their Efik history but speak KALABARI today. Kalabari fisher men could be met at any spot in the eastern Delta up to Tiko in Cameroun.

[MrJimjam12]

I dont think that these people were as upest as you make out , most people love a holiday, and really this is all that it was.

[TheEvilOyo]

that thunder is soooo uncessesary

[Icecoldhard]

i like this, very good

[SameJeansOn4]

what a video great video ! really opens you're eyes 5 stars:)

[Killayut]

THE KALABARIS WERE A FISHING PEOPLE that left the settlement at the 15th century and Efiks/ibibios occupied it maintaining the name kalabah (calabar) instead of kalabaree(calabari). History that refers to the name CALABAR refered actually to the kalabaris of today. . History of the Efiks of Oron,Uyo can not be said to be a history of CALABAR.Calabar history refered to the historical KALABARIS (CALABARIS).

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut The Kalabari have never owned Calabar, and there is no evidence of their existence there at any time. 'Calabar' was a Portuguese sailor/vessel and the name became corrupted which is why Elem Kalabari became New Calabar to distinguish it from Old Calabar, the origin of 'Calabar'. In Cuba the descendants of Cross River peoples like the Efik were known as 'Carabali'. Some of those Cubans have visited Calabar Ekpe events of which theirs is called Abakua.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Evidence of Kalabari owning Calabar is too plenty in Calabar.. only In Calabar do women do Fattening in all Efik towns. women Fattening is till tomorrow a KALABARI tradition. Only in Calabar do people eat Isem ( Periwinkle ). Isem is a Kalabari ijaw word for periwinkle and a major delicacy of the Kalabaris. The Obong of Calabar was  moved from Dukes town to Calabar when the Ijaws left.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Fattening is practised throughout eastern Nigeria and beyond. The first settlers of Calabar were the Ekoi and Efut, this is an established fact. No historian will tell you that the Kalabari who migrated east from the delta moved all the way to Calabar over the Ibibio. There isn't a single word or town name in Calabar and surrounding towns that is of Ijaw origin. The name Kalabari was given to them by Europeans (from New Calabar) as well as Calabar town and this is backed by history.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil LOL no other tribe in the east do fattening but Ijaws and we call it IRIA AND IRIABO. AND CALABAR is not any European word. There was no Calabar town but a fishing settlement of KALABARI fisher men. The Kalabaris then had Efik and Ibibio neighbors they call MBOKO which ancient Kalabaris gave as sacrifice to water spirit. Ask your self why Bakassi was lost to Cameroun. That is cos the real Kalabari Ijaw indegens moved away and the Efiks and Ibibios could not lay claim.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut The Bakassi incident was between NGR and CAM which were both created without consent from any African group which is why there are Ekoi in CAM and Yoruba in Benin. Kalabari is a term from the New Kalabar River. Kalabari people have never migrated past their current settlement. People in Awka in Anambra State fattened their wives in Nkpu houses. Your theory has no support.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... Check online for the key words IRIABO KALABARI OR IRIA KALABARI and see.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... Calabar was not founded by Europeans but named CALABAR after the Kalabari indigenes. Hence Kalabaris became NEW CALABAR while the old Calabar remaind Calabar pronounced as CALABAH by the British who took over from the portguguese who spelt it CALABAR AND pronounced it CALABAREE..

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut What date and by which Kalabari person was Calabar founded and when did the Kalabari leave the town? What is the meaning of Kalabari and what is its origin? What influence, apart from fattening rooms which are everywhere, did the Kalabari leave, I'm talking about language, surnames, music, dance and folklore. Search this and click on the first link "Kalabari and Calabar are therefore names that are derived from Portuguese times and associations."

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Kalabari is the short form of Pereboye KALABARI which is an Ijaw word meaning the part of the champion is geneoristy. Kalabari people are a sub group of the Ijaw tribe.They have lived at that region over 1000 years and are the dorminant fishing people of the eastern Niger Delta.They never had a demarcated geography but were just nomandic fishing people that mostly dwell on their fishing boat but anchored at land to roast their fishes. such land are called borokiri.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil It was one of such anchore points the Portguese met them and had their name as Kalabari People which the portuguese spelt Calabar BUT pronounced Calabari. This was in the 15th century. The Kalabari people that moved from the Efik / Ibibio area to the Kengema ( new shipping ) hence new Calabar are called the Korome . Most of them moved westward at that period and abandoned their settlements but continued to fish even as far as Western Cameroun. Kalabari is an Ijaw word.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Early Europeans that is the Portuguse and the Dutch only have Ijaw kings at the Eastern Niger Delta as leaders of interest that they met and Towns like Bonny and Kalabari headed by Perekule and AMAKIRI ( Amachree ) of Kalabari and Jaja of Opobo are the Kings of the eastern Niger delta of value Calabar town was mentioned but its king was also mentioned to have moved from ATABA the Efik town to Calabar. Calabar then was mainly an European settlement cos the native Ijaws moved away.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Where was this mentioned? What king was this and what date did he and his people move? Can you provide a source? When did Europeans ever settle anywhere in Nigeria that long ago and not make it a colony? I'm looking at two books right now and they say that Kalabari was a Portuguese word and I can't find anything like 'Pereboye Kalabari'. There is no mention anywhere that Kalabari were ever in Calabar. Why would they name Kalabari New Kalabar instead of Old Calabar?

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil LOL The Europeans that started a colony in the Bight of Bonny were the British but the first to get there were Portuguese. The Portuguese were kicked out by the Dutch before the Britons took Over. European influence on the Kalabari, Bonny, Opobo people is too strong hence these people are the most westernized people in Nigeria.The pidgin english as spoken in Nigeria was founded among these Ijaw ethnic groups. This would sound strange to you too. Just study some more about them.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil You sound angry. Pls learn what you do not know about. We learn every day. Kalabari, Okrika and Bonny were the most prominent met by Europeans in the Niger delta and their history makes most of the nIGER dELTA European contact History. If you do not even know about the Kalabaris then you may never understand this. tHIS HISTORY IS NOT EVEN IMPORTANT COS THE kALABARIS are not going back to claim land there. HISTORY IS hISTORY.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut So Kalabari founded Calabar and invented Sierra Leone Creole? What are the Ijaw words in it? Again I ask, what date was that British colony established? What king (name) left Calabar, and what date did his people move? There's no reliable source that backs the story. Original names of towns around what the Portuguese called Calabar were Ikoritungko, Obutong, Aqua Akpa. Are there towns in Cross River with Ijaw names?

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil No one said Calabari founded Calabar. I said Calabar refers to Kalabari fishing people settled at that area when the Portuguese came. The people didnt stay cos they were nomadic The Efiks were not met at that time. The Delta never had a boundary between tribes. Till now there are Efik clans within modern Kalabari territory. The Kalabari anchore point was spelt Calabar but pronounced Calabari by the Portuguese. Potopoto in pidgin which means mud is an Ijaw word. Kalabari ijaw .

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut You said that the Kalabari were the ones at the settlement until the Efik came. Your comment is right up there. You even went as far as to say that the original name of Calabar is 'Kalabaree', a Portuguese man's name. Now your saying that the Portuguese founded the town to counter my point that villages around it have names in pure Efik. I'm not asking about the Efik in what is now Kalabari land, I'm asking about the left over Kalabari influence on Calabar, which there never was.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Ok you seem daft i am sorry.. people or boat people who are anchored could be said to be settling now at a time when they were anchored drying up some fish and were met by foreign people and asked who you ( they ) are. The answer would be we are Kalabari ( calabari ) people. There was no established kingdom then and different tribes fish on the Niger Delta although the majority were the Ijaws. Every group had a chance of being met by the foreigners. Kalabari fishing people were met

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... The Sierra Leonians were brought by the British to Work at Port Harcourt where Pidgin has been established already. They took the language to their country. Pidgin was founded mainly by the Ijaws ( Kalabari, Bonny, OKRIKA ) at the south eastern Niger Delta and Western Camerounians when they were all under British rule and French rule hence Pidgin is a mixture of French and English. Food boku is food beaucoup.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... The Obolo people of Cross rivers state and Akwa Ibom are a pure Ijaw group. They are the remnants of the Kalabari/Ibibio mixture. Kalabari Ijaws never established settlements but were just nomadic fishermen.. Calabar was developed by Europeans just like port harcourt. The Efiks only moved in to it .They never started it as a town. The closest Efik town to Calabar is ATABA or Dukes town where the Obong was.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Obolo are a "pure Ijaw" group that do not speak Ijaw? Okay. There's no one point in time that the land of one ethnic group in Nigeria was developed and given to another ethnic group without even a single road in the town named with a word from the original language. Now here's the funny thing. You just said that Calabar was founded by Europeans on what was original Kalabari land, now you're talking about the earliest African establishment in the area which you said is Efik.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Lol no one said the land was an original kalabari land. the discussion here was on the name and not necessarily the town. Kalabaris are not laying claim to the town because they moved out .Ijaw fisher men were active through out the coast of the Niger delta up to Tiko in Cameroun and Ondo state and even parts of Lagos. The Ijaw group that were mainly active at the Efik / ibibio.Territory were the Kalabaris. Kalabaris call them Mboko and traded with them .

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... The argument is not the Calabar town but the name Calabar. I said the name Calabar was named after the Kalabari Ijaws met by the Portguese who were anchored at that part or settled there that were met. If Efiks were met they would be Efiks. an Obutong man is an Efik man, an Aqua Akpa man is an Efik man and if met they would say they are Efiks. If I tell any one abroad I am Kalabari they call it CALABAor Kalaba and a spanish man or portuguese man spell calabar

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Again, your argument on this video is that "the history of the Efik cannot be said to be the history of Calabar, but Calabar history refers to Kalabari", if that does not mean that you are implying that Kalabri founded Calabar, what does? The Portuguese called it Calabar just like they called Eko, Lagos. Read a book on Nigeria's history, or even basic Kalabari history.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Surely. cos Ibadan people would always say they are Yorubas, Enugu people would always say they are Ibos. Kano people would always say they are Hausas. An EFIK MAN would naturally say he is Efik while a Kalabari man would say he is KALABARI. KALABARI is not a town but a people . The town Calabar as called was called cos the people were Kalabaris An Efik slave in Cuba would say he is Efik but a KALABARI SLAVE WOULD SAY HE IS Kalabari . Kalabari ALWAYS SOUND Calabah to Europeans.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video...CALABALY, cARIBALLY,carabala, Carrabally would simply connote a mistake pronounciation of Kalabari people. Efik people would not say they are Calabar. Calabar is not synonimous to Efik. Calabar town is not any thing around. It is a town where Europeans lived. It is like warri if you ask me. or Lagos. The neighbouring villages only attach themselves to the developed settlement. The trend is happening in Port harcourt today where every village is attaching to it.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Where are you getting this information from? Name a reliable book. Sierra Leoneans never ever got any of their creole from Port Harcourt which is less than 90 years old, which returned slaves from Jamaica got their Patois from Port Harcourt? What were they working as there? Where are their descendants? Poto-poto is also an Igbo and Yoruba word. Why are words like Una, soso, nyam, de, and mumu, which have no relation to Ijaw, in pidgin? What French words are in Nigerian pidgin?

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil LOL books are written by people after research and things. I have made enough research on this matter and very capable of writing a book for you to read on it. FOOL una is a mispronounciation of UNU .unu unu is french for you all.. UNU, NOU. in HATIAN CREOLE it is vivid and jamaicans use it too. mumu is a late entry to pidgin. just as there are lots of Yoruba words incoming to pidgin now. De is french from derie which means below or last or behind. Nyam is a jamaican slang

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Check for Kalabari berbice on any serach engine and it takes you to the language of Guyana that they dont speak these days. Kalabari berbice or Ijaw berbice takes you to the same thing.. Now tell me were Efik was spoken in the Caribbean. The new words in pidgin can not be said to be original. The early pidgin was founded when western cameroun was part of Nigeria and it was founded mainly by Ijaw and camerounian traders tarding with Europeans.

[vixxy02]

@Killayut Sorry to butt in, but Efik IS spoken in CUBA.

[EgbesuJuju2010]

@vixxy02 I agree with you here. The Calibali of Cuba are infact Efiks and not Kalabari at all, their Ekpe society proves this. To be honest Ijaw are not numerous in the slavery of the Americas. Most prominent seem to be Yorubas and Igbos. In the old days it was rare for other tribes to raid Ijaws. Even western Ijaws who were less warlike caused great problems for the Itsekiri (Ijaw Pirates) so they mostly focused on the Urohbo. Ijaws did sell their criminal elements.

[vixxy02]

@EgbesuJuju2010 GOD Bless you brother!

PEACE!!

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... Lol only pidgin speakers of Igbo and Yoruba use poto poto. they dont use it in their language but in Kalabari poto poto is a KALABARI WORD AND EVEN IN kalabari dictionary. Yoruba people ofcourse do not speak pidgin. They only learned pidgin from their contact with easterners. In yoruba villages and towns elderly people can not even speak it but KALABARI forefathers spoke pidgin. and Pidgin is spoken in KALABARI fishing ports too

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil People like you would say americans take english to england or australians take english to england. The british came to Nigeria ( west africa ) stayed for more than 20 years before they started taking black people to the americas. Before then pidgin has been established so it was pidgin speakers that were taken from west africa that continued the language having indian dialect influence that changed it a little bit in the caribbean. LOL. This guy is a kid.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Again, you have given no sources, you haven't even said where these British were staying and why you can't find any information of some African creole being taken to the Caribbean, which there wasn't. What date was this that the British stayed for 20 years, or is this made up as well? And how does Yoruba or English spoken abroad compare to a creole created abroad by many languages? Why are there many Akan and Mande words in creole? By now, I don't expect an answer.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil LOL this man . I like you cos you want to learn and i am ready to teach too. The British lived at European quaters. The Calabar was one of them, Degema, Bonny, Abonnema and then in 1912 the founded Port Harcourt. creole was started and till tomorrow new words are being added depending on new speakers. Wolof may have been added too when pidgin got to wollof land by pidgin speakers freed from slave ships taken to free town.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... There are today many yoruba and even hausa words in todays pidgin. Even English proper has new words from different nations today. As pidgin speakers took it to Mende and Akan land ofcourse you should expect many of their words introduced in to Pidgin. In Lagos today pidgin is spoken differently because the Yorubas have many of their words in it making it different from the PH or Warri or Cameroun pidgin.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... your question again is like asking where is the source from how England took english to America or where is the source to prove SPAIN took spanish to Mexico.English speakers who settle in USA took english there like wise pidgin speakers taken from the Niger delta to the CARIBBEAN took pidgin there. Ask your self why HAITIANS do not speak patois cos France never colonized Nigeria so they never took people from Niger Delta to Haiti. I speak haitian creole

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Haitians developed their own creole under the French using French. Being colonised by one country wasn't completely as a result of one country alone taking slaves from the colonised region, different countries like Spain and France took many slaves from Bonny and Calabar. Creoles were developed where African languages were restricted, there was no reason for Kalabari people to speak creole to each other. To say creole was taken from Africa to the Caribbean entirely is false.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil And their creole is based on the dialects of Dahomey and Congo mainly and that 's because they were taken mainly from those places. So the fact that Jamaica despite the proximity was not able to take patois there means the HAAITIAN PEOPLE CAME TO HAITI already speaking bad French from Congo and Dahomey as well as the Oduduwa tradition which became known as voodoo. Gambia no pidgin is spoken and its just a stone throw from Sierra leone cos pidgin speakers were not dumped there.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... Kalabari people developed creole to interact with the Britons. They also started the Berbice dutch when Dutch was the masters. The British gave the Kalabaris the names like Briggs, Bobmanuel and co just as they taught the people English too. The bad way they started speaking this English was the begining of broken or pidgin english . My definition of Kalabari includes Bonny and Opobo and Okrika cos they speak the same language and are at the same region

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... read the trading states of oil rivers by G I JONES. Europeans never just started with slave trade.They traded in palm and cowries first with the coastal Ijaws for years before the idea of slave trade . while the trade in oil palm kernels and cowries were going on was when the bad english started which became pidgin. this was spoken for years before slavery started. the slaves who already speak pidgin were taken to the island and Sierra Leone after abolishion

[Killayut]

Respond to this video...  My Definition of Kalabari include the Bonny, Okrika people cos there was no Bonny before the Europeans came. The town Bonny was called Okoloma and they were a proto Kalabari people. An Igbo man Ndoli who is of the Ubani Igbo family settled in Okoloma imposed the Ubani name on them and since then were known as Ubani ( Ibani ) which later became Bonny due to mispronunciation just as Calabar was mispelt instead of Kalabari

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... If you Cubans speak yoruba or some people inn brazil are found to be speaking yoruba to you would mean they brought yoruba to africa because some freed slaves from brazil were taken to lagos and settled at the CAMPOS area.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... There was no Sierra Leone when England was active in the Niger Delta. It was after years that That land was seized from the French and Siera leone founded so that freed slaves could be settled at Free town. This almost after 50 years of English presence In the Niger Delta. Pidgin has already been spoken in some 20 years before blacks were taken to the Caribbean.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Provide a source of these 20 years please, a book, please just post something to back up your claims. Did the 'Niger Delta' exist 200 years ago? If you don't understand African history, then you should know that many Jamaicans went back to Sierra Leone and brought their creole with them. Basic African history.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Books are written by people after making researches. This we are doing could turn out to be one fine book too. I have travelled to the islands. I am a part Kalabari and I speak Kalabari, I lived in the Niger delta, I have Efik friends. I have asked questions. I have been to CALABAR town. It is has got no natives. The people that live there all came from neighbouring Efik villages. Niger Delta has exsited for more than 1000 yrs.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... when they abolished slavery. The British would attack any slave ship on the sea alone to free the slaves. This happened before the Emancipation time in Jamaica. The first day The britons met Niger Delta people the people had attempted to speak the white mans language. Even a fool would know this. The attempt brought ugly bad english which was the source of pidgin. Before slavery started they were trading on palm and cowries.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... The British were trading in Palm . to trade with the natives their names were changed to english names and the natives tried to speak some bit of english. There was no slavery yet at this time. The trade in palm went on for a while before slave trade started. all these while there was no Sierra leone too. The period of the palm trade brought about the ugly bad english known as pidgin. Then later slave traded started. pidgin speakers became the slaves.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video...  slave trade then went on for a while. a long while before it was abolished. As The British now set up Free town to place all freed slaves from any ship. Freed slaves who already speak pidgin were then taken to freetown that would start the Sierra leone nation. As the language entered freetown the natives naturally would add some native words so there is no ruling out that MENDE or wollof words would be found in Free town krio.

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... Mumu-Fool is a kalabari word, Nyam to eat is a kalabari word . it means to eat Nyam Nyam. Igbos say to eat Nyafu nyafu. Nyam nyam ma ani fi. This is kalabari meaning eating it Nyam nyam.

Deh is a kalabari word derived from Dein meaning settle. Ani ju Dein sime.. settle down there.dein put there and dein was shortened to de put there. ee tanga dein wireh =where you dein at . where are settled at. mumu is a kalabari word meaning fool in yoruba it is odeh.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut Mumu is not fool in Kalabari and it has never been a Kalabari or Ijaw word, please tell truths, mumu is Ghanian. Nyam is a certified Wolof word, and to eat in Igbo is 'I ri ihe' or 'ta' there's nothing like "nyafu" and there's nothing like "nyam" in Kalabari. Deh is a word meaning 'is' from Igbo, 'dein' is 'calm' in Kalabari.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil I am half Kalabari and Half Igbo so I know the both languages. nyam is not even patois per ce. it is just used as a slang in patois borrowd from west african Nyam which is a way of eating. you dey eat am nyam nyam.. ibos say you go dey eat am nyafu nyafu.. Dey is pure Ijaw and it means to send some one away or put in exile. where you dey put. where are you placed in exile and where you dein put. where are you settled.. Kalabari is an ijaw dialect and i speak it too

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil I am not going to argue this but I speak Kalabari and in Kalabari a fool is refered to as mumu or Obori. even the ghanaian word apantu is used. Even the worst illiterate use the word mumu so i presumed it is KALABARI. Even the Kalabari traditional cloths is of ancient British and Portuguese fashion where a caftan like gown and a bowler hat is worn. Study Kalabari cloths to know this

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... Juju is a kalabari word meaning mindlessness. in the kalabari Jazz ( voodoo ) session when people are carried away or possesd by the music they go in to trance. this act of going in to trance is to djoodjoo. Now to do djoodjoo is the art of having a jazz ( voodoo) session for people to be in the realm of mindlessness. It is purely Kalabari

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut 'Joujou' is toy in French and was referring to the way juju priests can manipulate people like toys. There's nothing like Djoo djoo in Ijaw, if there is prove it with a source, which you won't. And on the issue of blood clot, which other African group was using tissue when the Kalabari were using clot? How is a blood clot strictly Kalabari?

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil To end this argument. Siera leone was established after the abolishion of slave trade and free town was the town built for that . This was 60 or more years of slavery before. Niger Delta people have had contact with the Britons and tried to speak english 60 or more years before sierra leone was founded. The english they tried to speak became the pidgin. freed slaves from slave ships who already speak pidgin were taken to free town that introduced pidgin english. PERIOD.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Joo joo or djoo djoo is used in Kalabari dialect and like I have said Kalabari itself is a mixture of many languages including Ijaw, Igbo, Portuguese and french. juju or JOOJOO is a state of mindlessness . when one is drunk or in some kind of tranch in Kalabari they say the person dey joojoo ( djoodjoo ) to cause the joojoo state people have to invoke it or act it. the act of trying to cause a joojoo state is doing JOOJOO. it is done in JAZZ ( voodoo).

[Killayut]

Respond to this video... In ancient kalabari before tissue was made kalabari women used cloth to wage their period and such cloth was called blood cloth. That is the same blood cloth used by Jamaicans till today as a curse word. In Kalabari blood cloth was  a very secrete thing to say .only women know which cloth is a blood cloth for which girl of the family.

[OftheSoil]

@Killayut There's no mistake in the name, it's originally Calabar, which is why Kalabri town was called New Kalabar to differentiate it with the older orginal Calabar, you need to go and read something reliable, the Kalabari picked the name of a random Portuguese explorers or the name the Portuguese gave to the river near them. What does attaching to the city have to do with the villages names? What were the names of the Kalabari villages there, and how did they interact with the Efut and Ekoi?

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil Kalabari was not a town Kalabari are a people and a bigger kalabari town called KENGEMA was refered to new Calabar cos of the Kalabari people there. Kalabari people only corrected new calabar to Kalabari.

[vixxy02]

@Killayut Efiks throughout still practise the 'fattening ' culture,as well as Oron,and Ibibio not just in Calabar.We don't call periwinkle 'isem' but mfi,and Ibibio,Annang and Oron also eat it and call it 'mfi' so if we copied the Kalabaris, surely we would call it 'isem', and Duke town is IN Calabar.....I should know, I'm from there!

[Killayut]

@vixxy02 A town can not be in a town.. A town would rather be close to another town. You do not say Rumumasi is in Port Harcourt but rather Rumumasi is a satelite town to Port Harcourt. Duke town is close to Calabar . Yaba in Lagos is not in Ebute metta just as Obosi is not in Onitsha and Nekede is not in Owerri.

[EgbesuJuju2010]

@vixxy02 Not necessarily. The fact is that both groups have had an influence on each other. There are Efik elements in Kalabari as the are probably Ijaw elements in the Efik. Fattening houses could be a cultural trait the dates back to a time when both groups could have been a part of one larger group. My guess is that it is part of a Kushite tradition as it is practiced in East Africa as well as Mauritania. So much of our history has not been properly connected so we think we are so different.

[Killayut]

@OftheSoil European ships were named after names of settlements or tribe by the coast. You just proved that Calabar as spelt and named after the portuguese ship obviously was pronounced CALABARI.in Portguese BAR is Pronounced Bari or baree. Calabar people today are Efiks and so would not say they are Calabaris or Carabalis. They would say they are Efiks. Kalabari is a not a town but a people so the people refering to themselves as Carabalis would be the Ijaws of KALABARI not Efiks

[Killayut]

But CALABAR is a name of a town and not a people. The modern day settlers of CALABAR town are the EFIK / IBIBIO people. CALABAR WAS the town of the modern day KALABARI ETHNIC GROUP OF THE Ijaw tribe. From the 14th to the 15th century The Portuguese met them at the RIO REAL basin (bakassi ) and spelt their name calabar which was pronounced calabaree.The DUTCH CAME and PRONOUNCED THE SPELT CALABAR AS KALABAH which the BRITISH maintained . KALABARIS today are called new CALABAR people.

[Killayut]

THE WORD calabar WAS actually calabari spelt as calabar by the Portuguese and pronounced kalabari.The KALABARI people are an IJAW ethnic group.The town calabar was the ancient settlement of the KALABARI IJAWS.Today CALABAR is occupied by the EFIK TRIBE.

[kenyawe]

i doubt what u said about the Ijaw beign the acient settlers of calabar or Kalabari can u place a date to this claim? cos there is documented evidence of Efiks in calabar as far back as 15th C when the portuguese first arrived there.

[Killayut]

The first Obong of Calabar was actually in the 15th century and DUKE town was the Efik settlement then. The KALABARIS left the RIO REAL calabar(old kalabari town )to their present site in the 15th century. Well, CALABAR is not an Efik or Ibibio word and not european. and in portuguese tongue calabar is pronounced CALABARI (KALABARI).In KALABARI history the Efiks were said to be their neighbour who they called MBOKO.

[Killayut]

@kenyawe In the 16th century about 1599 ad the Obong of ATABA which is Dukes town moved the stool to Calabar which then was European quaters named after the fishing settlers of KALABARI spelt and pronounced as Calabari by the Portuguese who spelt it. KALABARI Oral tradition say the Efiks were their neighbour in their old settlement. New Kalabari started about 1607. Families of the Owere ye Daba of Kalabari claim they are migrants from the Old settlements which is now Calabar

[EgbesuJuju2010]

@kenyawe Common guys what is 15th century compared to Ijaw existence in the Delta for over 1000yrs, I know we are more intelligent than that.

[aquerius23]

Whats the point of digging up something so emotionally disturbing only to wrap it up with, school exchange program? Do you realise that because the Europeans did this, millions of innocent African lives were destroyed,the continent messed up and cultures destroyd? Do you realise that the wealth they enjoy today is the sufferings we go through today? The souls murdered and eventualy the continent itself confiscated for leeching colonisation?? You sound stupidly persive

[Icecoldhard]

you sound angru and destructive not constructive

[aquerius23]

You sound scared

[Killayut]

@aquerius23 Our History is lost due to our nonchalant attitude

[Juliocyp]

this is a great idea, well done!