Liquid Helium II: The Superfluid - segment 3of5

[pinalo2009]

i cant work, my glasses? where was it

[phaselapsecore]

amazing research. he stated himself that it's uncertain weather the 2 fluid model is correct or not. the answer has been uncovered in more recent years being magnetic drag.

[conciousness88]

i want to drink it

[thepcguy01]

is liquid helium 2 a bose-einstein condensate?

[xespguitarsx]

Ok lanpfisher ---- Your point is somewhat correct. Even though vacuums are added to keep molecules from reaching a container, no vacuum is perfect. So.... molecules (other than the substance trying to be cooled to absolute zero) are still floating around.

[Ianpfisher]

Okay, this isn't correct. I realise it's old but it doesn't flow through the glass/ceramic, it flows over the outside surface of the container, which I think is possibly even more incredible.

[xespguitarsx]

Ok....let me state why absolute zero just isn't possible. It might be a theory, but it's one thing mankind will never achieve. Just because we have gotten close, doesn't mean that it's going to happen. There will ALWAYS be a small amount of vibration in an atom. The reason why it will not reach absolute zero is the atom is surrounded by air that is constantly warmer than the atom itself. So THEORETICALLY.... we aren't close at all.

[Ianpfisher]

@xespguitarsx

You aren't taking into account vacuums around the container. However you're still right, in the event you try to thermally insulate through a vacuum the minor radiation heat increases will result in vibrations of the atoms.

[thesparitan]

i want to see a bose-einstein condensate. maybe a liter glass of the stuff. to bad it is not possible

[thesparitan]

i once believed i was intelligent

now i do not believe that anymore

zero entropy is beyond me

[hat045]

The more knowledge one gains, the more he realizes he does not know

[thesparitan]

thats the only reason i learn anything, in a way, is to feel more stupid. its a nice feeling to know eveyday how mysterious the world actually is. i like feeling small and ignorant.

[hat045]

Yeah, keeps me wanting to continue to learning.

[thesparitan]

me too, i only wish i had more brain power to understand it faster. 140 iq doesnt seem like enough, i still get baffled by some of the stuff i read.

[hat045]

lol you know your iq thats nice.

[thesparitan]

yeah i dicided to find out one day after someone thought i was a genius and then i realized i was wasn't, they were just really stupid. i really do hate modern psychometrics, they know so little about intelligence. richard feynman had an iq 123, he was brillant. to bad people actually think IQ means anything.

[hat045]

well IQ test are a bit of a lie. Most IQ test use a lot of english, word associations and other things which normally require prior knowledge. So to say that they are measuring intelligence is a bit of a stretch. Also it does not represent the persons individual areas where they are possibly superior in. Most iq test, for example, do not accurately judge mathematical abilities. The tests however do have a good probability of being fairly accurate though in most cases.

[Pskawt]

your so coool man.  You are amazing. I love how you non-chalauntley drop a 140 iq in there. Fucking self indulgant fagface

[thesparitan]

umm ok what ever

so are you one of the many wackos on the internet. You seem like you suffer from major insecurities because you feel threaten by someone intelligent. That was by far one of the weirdest comments someone has ever said to me. You are a very unhappy individual.

[gavincurtis]

This sounds like the Nazi Bell.

Spin up the power and a 2nd superfluid apparatus rotating in the opposite direction and you have..... lift

bada bing....

[txfirehawk]

Thank you for posting this, Very interesting!!

[candlehawk]

But if Liquid He II has no entropy, then that means that liquid he I, which has entropy, and the heat, makes the entropy DECREASE instead of, in accordance to the second law of thermodynamics increase. AKA their solution still breaks the second law.

[Votorx]

That's only true for spontaneous processes. As we see from the experiment, the transition from HE I to HE II is certainly non-spontaneous.

Although the transition from HE II to HE I is spontaneous and in accordance to the second law.

[agentmabus333]

At Absolute Zero the laws of physics would have to break down due to all motion stopping (theoretically)...We'd obviously see some of those effects near those extreme temperature changes...

[Retsam19]

It does have entropy. Only at absolute zero would the entropy be zero and this is theoretically impossible.

[alexicoff]

The second law is consistent ONLY when a system AND its surroundings are both considered. The second law concerns only NET entropy. so if the entropy of LHe2 (II) drops, the entropy of the test of the universe increases by enough for the total to be more than zero

[rmariboe]

The theory according to the clip only states that one out of the two thought compunds of He(l)-II has zero entropy etc.

He(l)-I is of no particular interest as it acts like any other fluid.

[Pskawt]

If you payed attention to this youtube lecture you would no that He(1) only APROXIMATES the properties of fluids. So go FUCK YOUR OWN =)  FACE =)

[rmariboe]

"He(1)"? If you are refering to "helium-1", that doesn't exist; the name of that isotope is hydrogen-1 (hydrogen with no neutron). Wikipedia has a table of isotopes for you to browse through - maybe it'll help you understand: /Table_of_nuclides_(complete)

BTW, if you have to post arrogant comments, you should consider propper spelling and syntax.

[XmegaprrX]

talk about spelling... maybe you should learn before you speak.

proper is spelled with one P.

not two.

And for the record, wikipedia isn't always accurate.

[rmariboe]

Well, it seems we both learned something today :)

Wikipedia should never be your only reference, no - but in this particular case, it's accurate.

[Imoccs]

cool~

[Zantorc]

The audio is not synchronized - checkout my version, I've properly synchronized the audio and video.

[xnf90x2]

4.2 K? wtf

[0Krusnik0]

-268.8 C

[mandog2222]

K is for Kelvins. 0 Kelvins is absolute zero. In chemistry all temperatures are measured in Kelvins.

[xnf90x2]

yeah i know its such a low temp 4.2 k

[avatarelite]

in all science in fact not only chemistry. Kelvin is the SI unit.

[aromin25ron]

Is there a liquid xenon???

[ale86itn]

Yes, and there also is solid Xenon. Look it up, for esxample, in Wikipedia.

[jasonguyperson]

Helium II may be non-conductive, but what about the (now) supercooled particles in the wood?

[jasonguyperson]

Did the Helium II experiment show an increase in the speed of the wood paddles (Relative to the Helium I experiment?)

[TheCarlez]

interesting, perhaps superconductors were not widely known of at that time

[fabicol2000]

Zero entrophy?, wow man that´s cool

[roguehearts]

Fantastic!

[sebastas2]

it is actually amazing. In the last days I´ve found so many things I cant stop cuestioning myself about them and how they break our conception of the world.. its amazing.

[murtumaton]

I'm amazed that one could find stuff this cool in youtube.

[FibonacciPrower]

What was that powder?

[ale86itn]

Jeweler"s rouge.

[prismaticaurora]

science!

[CRAKIZGOOD]

what happens if u set fire in it or made something explode in that helium

[shenmuere]

lol nothing will happen, liquid helium will turn start to evaporate back into its original state

[CRAKIZGOOD]

i thought helium was flammable

[bmatulis]

you're probably thinking of hydrogen.

[CRAKIZGOOD]

hmm then why did the zeppelins caught on fire when they got shot with rockets

?

[bmatulis]

because they were filled with hydrogen.

[CRAKIZGOOD]

oh strange i thought it was helium

thx for clearing that up

[cobaltdan9]

you're thinking of helium balloons...which are filled with the gas, not the liquid state, and not the liquid in this video.

[nmrmak]

i admire your patience.

[dean0waterz]

@bmatulis funniest exchange on youtube? definitely a contender.

[qwasd0r]

@CRAKIZGOOD Modern zeppelin aren't filled with hydrogen anymore.

[jayleno0]

I am confused about what type of beaker that Helium II is able to flow through... capillaries?? Is it like a ceramic bottom or something??

[ale86itn]

Yes,it is what's called a fritted disk made available to chemists as superfine filters. Itis ceramic, unglazed.

[pcorf]

Not many people get to see Liquid Helium.

[Chadronix]

Why is it said that liquid He is non-conductive? I thought it was a superconductor?

[ale86itn]

Liquid He is a SUPERFLUID and not a SUPERCONDUCTOR. Those two things are completely different and not related phenomena. The thing which happens to be true about both of these two phenomena is that they both happen to occuroccur at low temperatures.

[Humidi]

Although this is an old video, it all seems really groundbreaking to me. I mean, superfluid contains no heat thus there are no molecular movement, although the substance still exists.

This means that thermal movement is different from atomic movement. Molecules wont bump to each other at all, they are completely static in superfluid. But in order for the substance to be itself the atoms must still consist same nucleon. If this wasn't the case, E=m(c*c) wouldn't apply. I need to think more!

[bmatulis]

A response from Dr. Leitner himself: The words "a body contains no heat" no longer make sense, and the fact that I use this old fashioned term in the script of my movie has been justly criticized. The term which should be used is "internal energy" - such as the ("kinetic") energy of motion a molecule, and the ("potential") energy stored in a pair of molecules if they move apart from each other against the force between them ...continued in next comment.

[bmatulis]

...because all molecules attract each other (some more than others - and Helium atoms do this very weakly). A comparison can be made to a spring holding them together; when they move apart some of their energy of motion is stored in the stretched spring and they slow down as they move apart...

[bmatulis]

..."Heat" is simply "internal energy" possessed by the atoms in one body which will be transferred to the atoms of another body when this other body is in contact with the first and is AT LOWER TEMPERATURE, thereby increasing the internal energy of this "other body"...

[bmatulis]

...There is no simple "intuitive" way to explain what happens to Liquid Helium below the Lambda point. It has to do with Quantum Mechanics, which requires that atoms occupy separate, definite energy states. Energy states between the definite ones are not allowed, do not exist. And there is one and only one energy state, the state of lowest energy, THE GROUND STATE.- STATES LOWER THAN THIS ARE IMPOSSIBLE...

[bmatulis]

...Below the Lambda point of about 2.2 degrees Kelvin a certain percentage of Helium atoms are already in the "ground state", incapable of losing the energy they possess by contact with a "cooler body" because a lower energy state is impossible. In other words the INTERNAL ENERGY THEY POSSES IS NO LONGER THERMALLY AVAILABLE. As the temperature of Liquid Helium is lowered, more and more this percentage of ground-state atoms gets bigger and bigger.

[paragshah2112]

@Humidi e=m(c*c) applies on einsteinian scales, and means nothing on newtonian scales, and doesnt practically apply at quantum scales. that is the issue we have here. the disparity breakdown between newtonian scales and quantuum scales is kinda sorta forshadowing itself here.

and to think there are two more of these clips in the movie!! i got a boner ...

[thedoubler67]

@Humidi No, it has heat. If it had no heat, it would need to be at absolute zero [0 Kelvin], which is theoretically possible, but has not been obtained in a controlled setting.