@UTelite anyone trying this might want to know how to reset their desktop.. and compiz.. i had to learn the hard way!... for me I went to whatever+f2 for full screen terminal, and did something for compiz reset, then reset --unity i think.. the point is- if u screw up your linux its always easy to get it back to normal!
Does anyone know if Ubuntu is compatible to both mac an windows based programs, never used this program, and if someone gives me a square answer I'll torrent it
Um what? What do you mean is ubuntu compatible with mac and windows programs? Its linux dude so of the prog will run in wine, cross over office, or cedega but other then that the answer is NO. Now linux will have a prog or multiple progs that will do the same thing for FREE that any windows progs or mac progs do.
ubuntu does not come with linux. ubuntu is a linux distro so it is linux. Linux means the kernel the system is running. Mac now runs with the freebsd kernel which is unix.
The kernel that comes with Ubuntu is linux. If Ubuntu did not come with a kernel it would not be able to run. When I open my system monitor on my Ubuntu computer it says that I am running on the Linux kernel 2.6.30.4. Linux distros are just packages with a bunch of software that people like. Almost all of the distros run on the same Linux kernel.
hi please TELL ME how do i get a belt or inventory or w/e its called that you have at the bottom middle. i have windows xp can I do that for mine too with a program or something? is that ubuntu?
But i recommend you GIMP since it works WAY better than adobe photoshop, seriously. When i was a windows user i thought photoshop was the best image editor ever. I was SO wrong.
haha, its in the name, so its not WINE emulated games, cause that would mean WINE emulated them, which they obviously did not. just wanna let you know, not trying to be mean or anything
Wine is a ***dow$ compatibility layer, to run ***dow$ based applications/games, therefore not all of the games/applications that are available for the ***dow$ operating systems are compatible running in Wine/Wine-doors/Cedega/Crossover Linux/Crossover Games. And to sum it all up, free is always your best choice :)
LOL. Dude, to be honest, ubuntu blows vista away! I have both, running linux for 2 days now, and i would honest to god go to linux if it could just play games better. I still use windows for games, but thats the only thing its used for for me now. Honestly, get the Ubuntu LIVE CD, and try ubuntu (use the try ubuntu without any hard option), and see how you like it ;)
I believe the description says that the recording lowers the framerate. Although WINE does have some way to go still. That's hardly their fault though, you can blame Microsoft for that. BTW, DirectX 10 would have worked fine on XP if they'd let it, they just wanted to force everyone to get Vista as soon as possible.
you can't really rely on wine and compiz running together. even if you disable 3d effects, it still goes drastically slower. it took me a while to figure that out. so, choose one or the other, or temporarily disable the effects before playing a game. i'm sure theres a way to disable compiz and run a windows program at the same time. also, try the virtual desktop, that helps for performance
This man is mostly right. At first there was compiz, and then beryl 'forked' from it, which just means it split from it to pursue its own goals, then compiz and beryl merged again, producing 'compiz-fusion' which most people just call compiz. so compiz-fusion is what you want.
PLEASE tell me how did you install Steam. I installed steam with wine on my Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Hefty and I got steam installed but after that it was EXTREMELY laggy and it wouldn't even install the games.
Yeah lol that's the one I got, steaminstall.exe it was easier to install but when I run it most of the time it freezes or runs extremely slow and the game wont install.
ok well im starting to get a hang of it but i cant get my theme to stay im using emerald theme manager and i enabled something so it gave me the options to mess with the advanced desktop affects and i turn the 3d cube on but i dont know what button to press so it actually does it
You're probably best to start off with Ubuntu Hardy Heron, 32-bit desktop edition - works well with Flash, Compiz, etc. Much depends on having good video driver support, and you'll need to Google for Compiz howto's - supersedes Beryl.
which is the latest linux model? is it fawn or heron? or could you just send be a link to a page that'll show me where the latest one is displayed, like some kind of linux update/news page.
hi everyone im trying to figure out what linux os i need im so sick of vista and wanta switch over but i dont know the difference between beryl compiz or anything will someone please help out im also running on 512 mb ram so any suggestions of any linux os that are pretty slim will help out thanks
I actually saw someone write that they couldn't get World of Warcraft working in Windows very well but they had it working perfectly in Linux through Wine. I would imagine that's pretty rare. I never had much luck with Wine, but I never tried very hard either. I never even tried to install games.
This comment has received too many negative votesshow
hey jedi, i could givadam about games and silent videos. so Y don't you do us all a favor and tell us how u installed the beryl prgrm in a new video. where u actually "EXPLAIN it" stead of trying to write it in your cube. ~thanx 4 wasting 3.08mins of my life.
wow... why dont you google it and find out how-to install it yourself you fuckin tool? Its not the complicated in the first place and this guy makes no mention in the title or description that he was going to show you how to actually install the modules... Man you pc punks are getting lazy and mouthy these days...
wine is not a emulator cause if it was it would actually emulate windows,wine is a file reading system thats allows common windows files to run on linux.wine is kinda like 7-zip or winrar,allows more files to be used
Wine is a compatibility layer, not an x86 system emulator. In no way is Wine emulating any part of the system hardware, it is merely translating Windows system functions into functions that Linux (or BSD) can understand and use, with little or no hindrance on perfomance, unlike what you would get if you had to emulate the operating system and the hardware it ran on. This is why Wine Is Not an Emulator. Check it out at winehq(dot)org, lots of info and howtos there.
Linux is an operating system. All you have to do is install it on your current computer. Linux is free and has amazing support.
You can download any one of the available Distributions that are out there. Personally I would recommend Ubuntu for it's ease of use and high level of support.
dood, i have the same hardware specs as you do. but my beryl won't cooperate in rotating as a cube! everything else works though. any place like forums or readings you'd suggest to research this?
also, what's the number of workspaces that you have or does that not matter w/ beryl?
blu3m4trix, it does not emulate windows, rather it provides an opensource set of the core libraries (.dll files or dynamic link libraries) that were reverse engineered from windows. This is why it is usually just as fast if not faster (due to less CPU/GPU/RAM overhead, especially less than Vista) and a large number of games and other applications work near perfectly (generally the more popular an application is the better it'll work as more people work on it)
God I wish I could do Beryl, but seeing as how a few hardware malfunctions left me on my ass with integrated Unichrome Pro graphics, I won't be able to until I build my new system at the end of the summer :P
Although in a general sense I agree with you, it also depends on your needs and level of expertise. Linux can be nearly impossible for a newbie (esp command line, script/config editing, etc).
Why bother with Counter Strike? Urban Terror runs natively on Linux, and is a much advanced game in most respects, while maintaining a similar gameplay. Oh yeah, and it's free. Funny, though, other than Nero, I have the exact same setup and icons in AWN. :D Nice job!
The bottom dock is called AWN, and there is a guide to install in just google "AWN ubuntu terminal" and you should find the guide for the apt-get and all. It's been very very good to me.
All of the effects are all part of the Beryl package. Once beryl is installed and running, you go into the beryl config tool and setup what effects you want to happen and when. At 0:50 theres almost 3 separate effects right in sequence I'm not sure which your referring too. Theres a "Magic Lamp" effect first, then a Domino (3d) effect, then it enters a "burn" effect for the closing of the window that was open. Those are the 3 that are right around 0:50 so take your pick.
Just a silly question concerning Wine-did you have to tinker around with the settings to get the windows applications to work seamlessly? And did having the Nvidia card help?
Very minor settings changes to wine are required on a application by application basis. Those are pretty easy to look up. Yes having nvidia more than helped. Getting some applications to work Via linux with an ATI card can be much more cumbersome than with an Nvidia card. The one that springs to mind here is WoW.
The video card is a 256mb 7900gs, however while running several apps as well as the Beryl and Emerald and AWN dock bar the system only uses 310mb of the available 2gb. The OS doesn't even remotely tax the hardware this system is running.
that's different about the compiz beryl?
leonresidentevilfan 2 years ago
does anyone know where can i set the effect at 0:11?? thanks!
porcomezerio 2 years ago
Wobbly Windows is in Compiz Fusion. (I think/)
viking1au 2 years ago
u mean the 3D-Desktop cube,
the water-effect around the window or
the woobly-windows-effect?
UTelite 2 years ago
the water effect around the window...where can i activate it in the compiz manager? thx:)
porcomezerio 2 years ago
i dont know exactly, cuz im using linux mint, but its based on ubuntu, so...
goto control centre - compizconfig manager - scroll down until "Effects" and then activate the radiobutton for "Water-Effect" =) hope it works
UTelite 2 years ago
@UTelite anyone trying this might want to know how to reset their desktop.. and compiz.. i had to learn the hard way!... for me I went to whatever+f2 for full screen terminal, and did something for compiz reset, then reset --unity i think.. the point is- if u screw up your linux its always easy to get it back to normal!
LiquidChem 7 months ago
Does anyone know if Ubuntu is compatible to both mac an windows based programs, never used this program, and if someone gives me a square answer I'll torrent it
Omega231984 2 years ago
Um what? What do you mean is ubuntu compatible with mac and windows programs? Its linux dude so of the prog will run in wine, cross over office, or cedega but other then that the answer is NO. Now linux will have a prog or multiple progs that will do the same thing for FREE that any windows progs or mac progs do.
latticelinux 2 years ago
Sometimes Ubuntu is compatible with windows software (trough wine), but mac software is totally incompatible. You can use vitrual box though..
nanderv 2 years ago
P.S. do i need to install linux before i install ubuntu on my windows xp?
kleskiro 2 years ago
ubuntu is linux men.
PibedeOro28 2 years ago
no ubuntu comes with linux
MrRevolutionary101 2 years ago
ubuntu does not come with linux. ubuntu is a linux distro so it is linux. Linux means the kernel the system is running. Mac now runs with the freebsd kernel which is unix.
latticelinux 2 years ago 5
The kernel that comes with Ubuntu is linux. If Ubuntu did not come with a kernel it would not be able to run. When I open my system monitor on my Ubuntu computer it says that I am running on the Linux kernel 2.6.30.4. Linux distros are just packages with a bunch of software that people like. Almost all of the distros run on the same Linux kernel.
MrRevolutionary101 2 years ago
5/10
stayelusive 2 years ago
@kleskiro No, however prior to installing Windows you are supposed to spend lots of money, then some more in the future.
michaelmlt 1 year ago
hi please TELL ME how do i get a belt or inventory or w/e its called that you have at the bottom middle. i have windows xp can I do that for mine too with a program or something? is that ubuntu?
kleskiro 2 years ago
I have a question do you have sound ingame with wine?
oh and is there any delay?
I'm not shure should I switch to ubuntu?
I have running it at the moment on a virtual machine and couldn't really test games :S
oh and can I run adobe photoshop cs4 on it?
THEBUGUSER 2 years ago
Yes, tes, yes you should, and yes.
But i recommend you GIMP since it works WAY better than adobe photoshop, seriously. When i was a windows user i thought photoshop was the best image editor ever. I was SO wrong.
Beyecixramd 2 years ago
Wine Is Not an Emulator
haha, its in the name, so its not WINE emulated games, cause that would mean WINE emulated them, which they obviously did not. just wanna let you know, not trying to be mean or anything
JMey94 2 years ago 3
Wine is a ***dow$ compatibility layer, to run ***dow$ based applications/games, therefore not all of the games/applications that are available for the ***dow$ operating systems are compatible running in Wine/Wine-doors/Cedega/Crossover Linux/Crossover Games. And to sum it all up, free is always your best choice :)
trkllz 2 years ago
Why are you afraid to say Windows trkllz? Microsoft isn't going to sue you.
RKZStudios 2 years ago
probably because ***dow$ isn't worthy of having it's name said in public or typed over the internet.
AWvids 2 years ago
Comment removed
Calliers 2 years ago
how do you get the box at the bottom like the mac dock
raneboy13 2 years ago
its called kiba dock i believe, unless hes using something different...
spikespeigel 2 years ago
he is using Avant (AWN)
RBNclan 2 years ago
add a panel, set it to the bottom orientation, add shortcuts, make them larger and bobs ur uncle no need for this Avant or whatever it is.
rflood89 2 years ago 2
that is kubunt
raneboy13 2 years ago
no its ubuntu ;)
moreeze001 2 years ago
do you need an Nvidia Video Card to run Beryl?
darkvideo54 3 years ago
I don't think so :) ati can run beryl to :D
DutchServant 3 years ago
you are bullshit!!
95monye 3 years ago
Can you tell me, how that 3D box works ??
teekacpi 3 years ago
stupid ass hes recording! recording = killed fps!
fucking noob
pdegameplayer 3 years ago
LOL. Dude, to be honest, ubuntu blows vista away! I have both, running linux for 2 days now, and i would honest to god go to linux if it could just play games better. I still use windows for games, but thats the only thing its used for for me now. Honestly, get the Ubuntu LIVE CD, and try ubuntu (use the try ubuntu without any hard option), and see how you like it ;)
FlinstoneX 3 years ago 10
@FlinstoneX
I use Ubuntu as a USB backup incase Windows breaks.
MrMakeman 1 year ago
I believe the description says that the recording lowers the framerate. Although WINE does have some way to go still. That's hardly their fault though, you can blame Microsoft for that. BTW, DirectX 10 would have worked fine on XP if they'd let it, they just wanted to force everyone to get Vista as soon as possible.
rossyfox 3 years ago 3
to register on Linux desktop program that uses?
Saitlend 3 years ago
WINE = WINE IS NOT AN EMULATOR
Timotay 3 years ago 4
It's amazing how you made us sit through that entire loading of counter strike only to play for 2 secs then quit.
toasterboy19 3 years ago 21
(W)ine (I)s (N)ot an (E)mulator
conorsulli 3 years ago 5
Naw, ya think dumb arse
toasterboy19 3 years ago
I Beleave its eather WinE (Windoze emulator) or WINE (Wine is not a emulator) eather or works :P
phazer30 3 years ago
It's the second one.
EVOLVETube 3 years ago
i was just clarifying it as a Linux compatibility layer many people were calling it other things here... your comment is irrelevant and rude.
conorsulli 3 years ago
what sort of fps do you get with CS on linux?
Timotay 3 years ago
Dued cna you lpz tell me how to do the fire effects? , cuz my doesnt work , i dont now why ''/ , so i hiope you cna tell me how to do it
Tu23ZS1V 3 years ago
learn english and maybe then you'll be able to find your solution
schmidtbag 3 years ago 2
Is there a WoW port for Linux?
Or is it through Wine?
frostnutmage 3 years ago
wow i have way better hard ware than you but my css has uber video lag, plz help someone
russellbrouillard 3 years ago
you can't really rely on wine and compiz running together. even if you disable 3d effects, it still goes drastically slower. it took me a while to figure that out. so, choose one or the other, or temporarily disable the effects before playing a game. i'm sure theres a way to disable compiz and run a windows program at the same time. also, try the virtual desktop, that helps for performance
schmidtbag 3 years ago
This man is mostly right. At first there was compiz, and then beryl 'forked' from it, which just means it split from it to pursue its own goals, then compiz and beryl merged again, producing 'compiz-fusion' which most people just call compiz. so compiz-fusion is what you want.
Ademan 3 years ago
steam works with linux or is it emulated with wine?
xMaStRmAtTx 3 years ago
PLEASE tell me how did you install Steam. I installed steam with wine on my Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Hefty and I got steam installed but after that it was EXTREMELY laggy and it wouldn't even install the games.
XsoulHunter 3 years ago
WOW, first off, it's Hardy "Heron" and second, use wine and just download steam off of google, search for the EXE, it's easier to use.
masterchief3k 3 years ago
Yeah lol that's the one I got, steaminstall.exe it was easier to install but when I run it most of the time it freezes or runs extremely slow and the game wont install.
XsoulHunter 3 years ago
How did you do that in-game-recording?
I use XVidCap, too, but it doesn't work.
Maybe because of the new version?
Please answer - thanks
Vibaf 3 years ago
oh i got it to work it wasnt like that though and i figured everything else out thanks alot thoughyou really helped out alop\t
sold13r45 3 years ago
ok well im starting to get a hang of it but i cant get my theme to stay im using emerald theme manager and i enabled something so it gave me the options to mess with the advanced desktop affects and i turn the 3d cube on but i dont know what button to press so it actually does it
sold13r45 3 years ago
hey can u help please!!!
sold13r45 3 years ago
You're probably best to start off with Ubuntu Hardy Heron, 32-bit desktop edition - works well with Flash, Compiz, etc. Much depends on having good video driver support, and you'll need to Google for Compiz howto's - supersedes Beryl.
blucoat99 3 years ago
k i figured that out i had to add a session or somethin now my problem is wine i have no idea how to use it what so ever do you?
sold13r45 3 years ago
which is the latest linux model? is it fawn or heron? or could you just send be a link to a page that'll show me where the latest one is displayed, like some kind of linux update/news page.
naryanr 3 years ago
hi everyone im trying to figure out what linux os i need im so sick of vista and wanta switch over but i dont know the difference between beryl compiz or anything will someone please help out im also running on 512 mb ram so any suggestions of any linux os that are pretty slim will help out thanks
sold13r45 3 years ago
i do the same with wine per 5 minutes but all games still lagged. Linux isn't a gamers os :D (sorry for broken english)
antidebil 3 years ago
Lag.
Fail.
Canada2012 3 years ago
hey bro how much fps do you get.???
ranyjan 3 years ago
I installed Counter strike sourc on ubuntu and it runs slower than on Windows, and i was using 800x600 res!!
tekkenmaniac 3 years ago
Me too, the sounds goes fun but the graphics lags like hell. I got:
AMD Athlon64 x2 5200+
Geforce 8600GT
Linux ubuntu + wine.
Help us out please duude.. :D
Loyen91 3 years ago
I actually saw someone write that they couldn't get World of Warcraft working in Windows very well but they had it working perfectly in Linux through Wine. I would imagine that's pretty rare. I never had much luck with Wine, but I never tried very hard either. I never even tried to install games.
adanedhel728 3 years ago
wine and beryl are in the software list of ad and remove in the application menu simple click and install thats it
jdelphin 3 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
hey jedi, i could givadam about games and silent videos. so Y don't you do us all a favor and tell us how u installed the beryl prgrm in a new video. where u actually "EXPLAIN it" stead of trying to write it in your cube. ~thanx 4 wasting 3.08mins of my life.
linux4usall 3 years ago
wow... why dont you google it and find out how-to install it yourself you fuckin tool? Its not the complicated in the first place and this guy makes no mention in the title or description that he was going to show you how to actually install the modules... Man you pc punks are getting lazy and mouthy these days...
zer0signal0 3 years ago 6
hi. im new at ubuntu linux. so i dont know how to install games, so can u help me install cs: source ?? :)
linnejon 4 years ago
Wine Is Not an Emulator....
Had to throw that one in here. Nice setup.
etrnldrk 4 years ago 3
This comment has received too many negative votes show
lol noob wine IS an emulator .... u can use exe with that
mirceatogerescu 4 years ago
wine is not a emulator cause if it was it would actually emulate windows,wine is a file reading system thats allows common windows files to run on linux.wine is kinda like 7-zip or winrar,allows more files to be used
GhostZalker 4 years ago
yep, that's even what W.I.N.E. stands for. "W"ine "I"s "N"ot an "E"mulator!
Steven707 4 years ago 2
Wine is nothing like any of the apps you described. Just sayin.
rplanchart 3 years ago
Wine is a compatibility layer, not an x86 system emulator. In no way is Wine emulating any part of the system hardware, it is merely translating Windows system functions into functions that Linux (or BSD) can understand and use, with little or no hindrance on perfomance, unlike what you would get if you had to emulate the operating system and the hardware it ran on. This is why Wine Is Not an Emulator. Check it out at winehq(dot)org, lots of info and howtos there.
etrnldrk 3 years ago 2
sorry but you fail.
Second paragraph.
AND I QUOTE:
The name 'Wine' derives from the recursive acronym Wine Is Not an Emulator.
adimsimplease2000 3 years ago 3
ow can u play CS on ubuntu OMG tell me :)
ZeroF16 4 years ago
sarcasm ?
anyway , use wine .
YouToad 4 years ago 3
Do all these graphics come installed on Ubuntu?
DoctorSensitive 4 years ago
Yes, I believe since 7.04.
System>Preferences>Desktop Effects
However, I would recommend installing CompizFuzion by itself.
WaffleSlayer 4 years ago
where do u get linux computers or their programs?
age0fchaos 4 years ago
Linux is an operating system. All you have to do is install it on your current computer. Linux is free and has amazing support.
You can download any one of the available Distributions that are out there. Personally I would recommend Ubuntu for it's ease of use and high level of support.
Plantmiester 4 years ago 3
you can buy linux programs. however, it's probably much cheaper for you to just download linux. ubuntu is one of the favorite distributions.
careful tho. if you're not careful, you might lose data on ur current comp. but enjoy it!
nabby2035 4 years ago
@nabby2035 you can loose data installing any OS, ALWAYS BACK UP
michaelmlt 1 year ago
ooo dammit i want lineage II to work with wine
quimkaos 4 years ago
dood, i have the same hardware specs as you do. but my beryl won't cooperate in rotating as a cube! everything else works though. any place like forums or readings you'd suggest to research this?
also, what's the number of workspaces that you have or does that not matter w/ beryl?
bho84 4 years ago
nice grafi card.
armandocalderonmx 4 years ago
Nice. One thing though, WINE = Wine Is Not an Emulator
betamed 4 years ago
interesting video, but half of it was css loading screen lol!
liandzbergis 4 years ago
good video ! ^^
wizinyandel 4 years ago
Just one misstacke: WINE does not Emulate Games or other Applications!
KennellKevin 4 years ago
except that it does, ever heard of cedega??? same thing..
blu3m4trix 4 years ago
blu3m4trix, it does not emulate windows, rather it provides an opensource set of the core libraries (.dll files or dynamic link libraries) that were reverse engineered from windows. This is why it is usually just as fast if not faster (due to less CPU/GPU/RAM overhead, especially less than Vista) and a large number of games and other applications work near perfectly (generally the more popular an application is the better it'll work as more people work on it)
jscinoz 4 years ago
jscinoz, ya true dat
blu3m4trix 4 years ago
God I wish I could do Beryl, but seeing as how a few hardware malfunctions left me on my ass with integrated Unichrome Pro graphics, I won't be able to until I build my new system at the end of the summer :P
darckasasin 4 years ago
Although in a general sense I agree with you, it also depends on your needs and level of expertise. Linux can be nearly impossible for a newbie (esp command line, script/config editing, etc).
shinypup 4 years ago
how many fps do u get in source
cplshifty 4 years ago
wats linux?
deadnox2 4 years ago
Why bother with Counter Strike? Urban Terror runs natively on Linux, and is a much advanced game in most respects, while maintaining a similar gameplay. Oh yeah, and it's free. Funny, though, other than Nero, I have the exact same setup and icons in AWN. :D Nice job!
crhylove 4 years ago
Hey do you get sound on WoW? If so how?
demonskater54 4 years ago
where did you find this dock ? I'd try lot of docks but no one like this !
z0r0a 4 years ago
The bottom dock is called AWN, and there is a guide to install in just google "AWN ubuntu terminal" and you should find the guide for the apt-get and all. It's been very very good to me.
JediIhaf 4 years ago
how did you get the effect @ 0:50?
alfst 4 years ago
All of the effects are all part of the Beryl package. Once beryl is installed and running, you go into the beryl config tool and setup what effects you want to happen and when. At 0:50 theres almost 3 separate effects right in sequence I'm not sure which your referring too. Theres a "Magic Lamp" effect first, then a Domino (3d) effect, then it enters a "burn" effect for the closing of the window that was open. Those are the 3 that are right around 0:50 so take your pick.
JediIhaf 4 years ago
Yo how did you get steam? I've been trying to get it buy i can't a also have ubuntu feisty fawn with wine.
demonskater54 4 years ago
did you run winecfg and configured the drivers?
GegoXaren 4 years ago
Just a silly question concerning Wine-did you have to tinker around with the settings to get the windows applications to work seamlessly? And did having the Nvidia card help?
macrover180 4 years ago
Very minor settings changes to wine are required on a application by application basis. Those are pretty easy to look up. Yes having nvidia more than helped. Getting some applications to work Via linux with an ATI card can be much more cumbersome than with an Nvidia card. The one that springs to mind here is WoW.
JediIhaf 4 years ago
Yes very good.
Wine how did you. i tried but not working beryl and wine
please tell me
karakayasoft 4 years ago
What's the minimum about of memory, would say, needed to run the effects shown in this cast?
keytoothed 4 years ago
The video card is a 256mb 7900gs, however while running several apps as well as the Beryl and Emerald and AWN dock bar the system only uses 310mb of the available 2gb. The OS doesn't even remotely tax the hardware this system is running.
JediIhaf 4 years ago
what is your "task maneger?"
GegoXaren 4 years ago
Look into getting an animated skydome
Hexl0r 4 years ago