Natural Selection and the Owl Butterfly

[cyberyamazaki]

Yes, all invertebrates, including butterflies, are able to re-grow limbs and repair any non-fatal damage done to them.

[animefan294]

hahhaha love how the wings became more and more strangely shaped near the end

[jumb0mumb0]

YOUTUBE FLAW! Perhaps a video you're watching erroneously pauses half way into the video. If you hit the refresh button, the video starts not where you left off, but rather from the beginning.

Thumbs up if you agree!!!

[jumb0mumb0]

Khan Academy now has significant backing from the Bill Gates Foundation and Google.Yet every day I search on Wikipedia, I see a large banner asking for donations or else they threaten us with advertisements. If Bill Gates funds Sal and Sal uses Wikipedia, wouldn't it make sense for Gates to fund Wikipedia? Wikipedia: "If everyone reading this donated $5, we would only have to fundraise for one day a year." Bill has the $ so that wiki stops bombarding the middle class.

Thumbs up if you agree!!

[TheNthMouse]

This explanation seemed like it was only half the picture (probably because mutation was only very briefly mentioned). I'd be much more interested in a video demonstrating the rate at which a mutation for pigment change (not just lack of pigment) would occur, the genetics of that mutation, and the genetics for a mutation allowing for disparate pigmentation, allowing the formation of patterns; once those are in place I see no reason why it should take exceptionally long to any pattern to appear.

[jumb0mumb0]

@TheNthMouse

you know nothing.

[narwhalpoop4life]

lol WIKIPEDIA :D

[789123Y]

I wonder if future evolution of species could be predicted by mathematical means

[MiraRazmi]

LOL your videos are really fun to watch! Thumbs up! Somehow there are parts that are funny to me. Made me giggle several times :D

[Superchairkimmy]

when did he say "dude"? :D

[IchbinAmerikaner]

Carl Sagan and you would be such

Great friends. thank you both!

[octavcc]

Why Owl (Butterfly) when their wings draw show a 3D head of a reptile, rotated to the observer? Search on Youtube (because I can't put links here): "Inteligent... Evolution? - Snake-Butterfly"!

[shayan894]

6 people have never read a book



[shayan894]

6 people have never red a book



[Soressi1]

thank you for the playlist - it really helps to have all the lectures in order.

[KakeraWolf]

My teacher used servile of the fittest to help explain. take Deer. If one has 5 legs, it might be faster, there for not as easily caught. so it can then reproduce, passing its genetics down to the next generation. Soon all of the 4 legged Deer are gone. and 5 legged ones exist.

[paulceltics]

some good stuffs

[adamhihi123456789]

so your saying that, for example, there is a white couple and they have a chiled and end up having a black chiled. Is this posible and is this a 1 in 1 000 000 chance

[NewOrleansboii]

@adamhihi123456789 If a White couple has a black child, then it's a passed down trait from the former ancestors. It's possible that one or two of the parents have a dark skinned ancestor. But it's a process of variation, so the chances are not really known. The chances depend on if that indiviual has a black ancestor...

Or, the Mother could have cheated LOL jk

[ibbrand1]

stop using wikipedia it is unreliable and makes you sound stupid

[Basketalbi]

@ibbrand1

If you are trying to be a smartass, do it right. Few people have the time and dedication to edit and contribute on wikipedia, because its a very long progress on stating sources and so on. You can go ahead and try to edit an article, it will get your IP permabanned within a few seconds. Wikipedia admins have no mercy. Get some knowledge of the thing you're attacking first, before being a smartass.

[TimmacTR]

Evolution is a TOTALLY UNAWARE process. There are only two mechanics:

- random variation of genes (therefore of individuals)

- environmental stress (basically the ''selection'' part)

But you had cases where there was an ''aware'' element in the equation: take the example of domesticated plants and animals. In that case the random variation part is the same as above BUT the environment is...the human, because we chose which individuals should mate etc. In that case evolution happens way faster..

[Paddyllfixit]

....in each child.In the first child it expressed itself as "the happy spa" disorder (not my term)cannot recall proper name, and in the second child as Pader Willi(incorrect spelling) syndrome in which a person cannot stop eating, suggesting that there was something else at work here. After in-depth tests it was discovered that although these kids had exact same dna anomaly, one child inherited it from its mother, the other child inherited from its father, suggesting some kind of dna "memory".

[Paddyllfixit]

nice vid, but I have a few questions Sal. Is the owl butterfly self-aware,ie do they slowly discover that this "eye" can be used for protection? And if so, do they have the capability of consciously designing an "eye" for the best effect? no sarcasm here, but there seems to be a very important factor missing in order for this "eye" equation to work. I recall watching a great doc where two children from different families both had the exact same dna anomaly but it was expressed differently...cont

[middleCmusic]

@Paddyllfixit Hey, I know I'm not Sal, but I think I can help answer your question. It's not that they are self-aware. Rather, it's that a variation in the DNA might produce a butterfly with a little circle that looks vaguely like an eye. Think of it like a heritable birthmark. Because it is helpful in evading predators, this individual will live a little longer and produce more offspring. Since it made more, it's genes form a bigger part of the gene pool. Over time, this process continues...

[middleCmusic]

@Paddyllfixit and continues and each generation the individuals where it looks a little more like an eye than the last survive better. Over a long period of time, you end up with something that really looks like an eye. The butterfly and the DNA didn't "know" anything about how to produce the eye. It is from generation to generation that the changes happen. When a trait occurs that makes an animal better at surviving, it can survive longer and produce more offspring. Simple as that.

[Paddyllfixit]

@middleCmusic

if that's the case, how did the butterfly come to realize that a factor in its survival was the "eye" on its wing and not some other factor. Of course I know evolution over many generations develops and improves whatever traits are necessary for best chance of survival but what "consciousness" begins this process. So if you cared to think a little deeper about it..............it's not just as simple as that.

[middleCmusic]

@Paddyllfixit You still don't seem to get it, no offense. The butterfly never realizes anything. There is natural variation in the species. When a butterfly is born with some kind of brown spot on its wing, it survives better than the other butterflies without the spot and has more offspring. That way the next generation more butterflies have those spots. The ones in that generation that most look like eyes survive even better, and eventually the eye ones become a new species.

[Dancetrupa]

So, if these butterflys keep reproducing to become simalar in order to keep away from predetors, will variation be eliminated? In like decillion years?

[TimmacTR]

@Dancetrupa Only if environmental stress (one of the two elements of evolution, along with random mutation) is very high.

In places where environmental stress is low you have more variation within a species. Humans for example have very different attributes (although that may be a bad example since we are quite a homogeneous species, but that's another discussion)

I'm not a scientist though, you might wanna double-check that..

[TimmacTR]

@Dancetrupa see wikipedia article called ''negative selection''

[twi5tedlemonz]

2:24 LMFAOO

[endBIO]

thanks for another great video!

kind of a little off topic, but, our purpose is to reproduce?

[theinquisitor]

Why is it that there aren't people on the videos about physics saying that it's all rubbish and it's all down to the magical will of god? Why is it that we are allowed to explain everything with natural processes except the origin of life? Your arguments could just as easily apply to physics. Objects move through space because of the will of god, not laws of nature, stop thinking, just believe in god and don't bother with science. What's so special about natural selection? Think.

[epiglue]

@theinquisitor i like this

[neobattle2]

Best of the first 4 videos :

[Music4AFG]

The false eyes on the butterfly are mavelous designs to protect it from its enemies.

Like every design in nature, it points to it Creator.

[theinquisitor]

@Music4AFG, are you not paying attention? So the creator gave the butterfly these spots to protect it from it's predators? Who created those predators again? Whose side is this creator on? Maybe the creator just likes to watch bloodsport and so creates a world full of creatures that have to rip apart other animals in order to survive. Nice. This line of argument falls apart under the most minimal scrutiny. You have to stop thinking to believe this.

[RikenisR]

some flower's petal have pictures of female bee on it to attract male bees so that Those male be would come and take pollen grain from one plant to other plant.(we can say pollen grain is male reproductive cell for plant later it makes seeds with the help of another plants female germ cell) .... this is done for variation in population of plant. .................ok if it's not adaption then how could it be possible...

[topbluffa1]

its not for the protein they go for the eye because most animals do.

they know they eye is on the head.

and if you blind them they r fucked.

[Drunkenprophet23]

Good video, good reasoning, but I just don't buy it. That wing is the result of an artist at work.

[octavcc]

I've put today on Youtube a small movie regarding that owl eye. I am sure that you will find it more than just interesant :)

ww.youtube.com/watch?v=ekbl7Kk­eULg

Wait for your reaction, and I am very curios how you will see your movie after...

[easyfixily]

thanks. you really helped with my school project.

do you have anything on types of selection like stabilizing, sexual, disruptive and directional? or even patterns of selection?

[andrewjohngranata]

good video, and an easy to understand explanation. cheers

[coconutsaregood]

lol i loved it when you drew the beak :P hahah

[jessyjkn]

when you said "this is what wiki said to me" wiki is not a credible source....

[SvishSvish]

I do believe in evolution and natural selection but I'm more curious about how blatant adaptions to appearance occur.

[SvishSvish]

I only have one question regarding natural selection. In the Amazon, there is a species of spider that resembles ants, which it uses to its advantage to either scurry away or hunt them. I'm not disagreeing with you, but the natural selection for that spider species allowing only those who look like ants to reproduce can't be that accidental or by plain selection.

[blooms125]

How did you know that in your middle butterfly , the spots were aggregated in this particular place, It looks like you have deliberately chosen to draw the spots concentrated in this particular area to make your point valid, but what you have drawn is one possibility and one possible pattern among hundreds of millions of other random patterns, that the mathematical probability that the predator gets afraid of this one specific model is pretty minimal and approaches the zero. nice theory though!

[Poncho151500]

Basically, but it would have taken forever to draw all the possible patterns. Plus, the proof is in the butterfly today, so basically he's on the right track. Haha.

[hihihi67599]

very good comment at 11;20 or so

[Pr0x1mo]

I love when Sal says "dude."

[Swetlana0]

I totally agree

I also like the way he says GUY!!

[ypey1]

you are only talking about the relative advantage of surviving other preditors that selected the distinctive structures. This is a "negative" selection. Another "positive" selection is the attractivenes sertain distingtive structures can have to the opposite sex of the species in reproducing. these second selection criteria can be less rational and more estetic then the first and gives perhaps more beauty to the natural world.

[rax7]

holy cow man, physics, finance, chemistry, evolution, math, calculus..... dude, you know everything.

[jumb0mumb0]

@rax7

that's not everything, haha!!

[oldarney]

I like you even more... you are one of my few role models now.

[tenshady]

Thank you Khan

health & happiness

To you

[pntrain5]

Hey Sal, how do you explain why some geniuses are born from ordinary parents; does it mean all of us have the genes hidden inside us for gifted intelligence, and if so, how do we take the next level of evolution, like cavemen to men when natural selection doesn't apply to us any longer...

[pntrain5]

I understand that, but I'm referring to shift distribution, not narrowing of the gap in intelligence. There is not enough stress (or more efficiently, weeding of the weak) in current environment to promote the progress of evolution...in the way ideal theory of evolution is understood.

[ViraIVideos]

Sal, you do know the peppered moth analogy for evolution has been thrown out right? Rather than actually evolve, all that happened were moths from one species started out numbering the first.

No actual evolution took place, and that's attested by all known relevant evolutionary biologists.

Honestly, if you see this, you can go over the facts yourself. I have nothing to gain by typing all this and I'm just trying to help your vids.

Good luck for future vids, i'll be watching.

[thepoet82]

It has only been refuted by creationists who claim it is a fraud.

It is true that there was no evolution, but it is a prime example of natural selection - which is the very driving force of evolution!

[richi1173]

Actually it is evolution:

Evolution is changing allele frequency in a population over time.

The black allele became more frequent in the population.

The main force behind it was natural selection.

[richi1173]

But thats what evolution is: changing allele frequency in a population over time.

I would love to see some evidence that biologists agree that it is not evolution.

[totallyshamanistic]

"Rather than actually evolve, all that happened were moths from one species started out numbering the first."

viral, that is called natural selection.

second, the biological "evolution" you are looking for is well accounted for in sal's explanation relating genotypic variation to phenotypic expression.

[Trangalanga]

omg think natural selection you idiot

[blooms125]

@Trangalanga

pffff...another indoctrinated evolutionist .... shut up !

[AbiElectric]

@ViraIVideos lol I don't think you understand evolution... That IS Evolution/Natural selection.

[ViraIVideos]

@AbiElectric You can say it's natural selection true, that nature selected the other moths and the original ones then had their population shrink.

But you can't say it's evolution, as evolution creates new species of animals. Natural selection does not do that.

It just "selects" the most fit.

Evolution occurs as a result of mutation. I have a college degree in this stuff and I was just trying to help Sal get the facts straight :)

Glad though you got a chance to read it.

[AbiElectric]

@ViraIVideos Yes but however without mutations there is nothing for nature to select. Say a giraffe, the giraffe has obviously mutated a gene for a longer neck gradually over millions of years. Nature selected this gene as the best and so only long necked giraffes survived. Natural selection is something that leads to evolution. But in essence they are the same.

[ViraIVideos]

@AbiElectric You just agreed it's a seperate process, and it leads to possible evolution. Then you must contend that it is not evolution itself.

Darwin had the forthright to have separate sections on these types of constructs, so even he can attest to the fact of their independence.

But again this goes back to your example, no mutation was being selected for in the moth example. The different colored animals had already been created and natural. Populations just shifted.

[asseeninYOURDREAMS]

can it be sexual selection?

[xxmichoxx]

Under what playlist is this under?

[jwfcp]

good effort, but ease up on the colloquial use of the worth theory, just say "speculated" when thats what you mean. throwing theory around carelessly leaves you open to glib dismissals of "its just a theory", when everything in science is just a theory, from atoms, to germs, to gravity :P

[resler101]

Best teacher ever! This has really helped me. It will also help me argue with my religious friends, heh.

[bartman1337]

your butterfly wing looks like a turd

[MustNotRead]

it also looks like a sausage

[Valefarous]

Good job, Sal!

[GDATERRY]

Wow now you're covering biology? Stop it, at this rate teachers everywhere will be without a job because of your monopoly!

[MikeTheFailboat]

My mind is blown once again. This really helped me understand natural selection better.

[256512gh]

The Above Poster Is telling like it is.

[leejae]

Sal why are you so cool? How can I be cool like you?

[thejobloshow]

@leejae Change the world.