Nuclear Physics in 3D (

[siciliancara]

That could not be more wrong

[wispa2]

You have had a good try here and the graphics are good but factually wrong, I wish I could make animation like that. You have the physics totally wrong. Take it off you tube or put a notice on to say it’s wrong, someone may refer to it for their home work.

[Caligirlvanessa]

A very good graphical description of the uranium atom and the process of nuclear fission.

[siciliancara]

@Caligirlvanessa I have to ask who taught you physics because all that info is wrong.

[SpectatorAlius]

As others have alrdy commented, the physics is simply wrong, both in the animation and the narration. So wrong, it is an 'epic' fail.

[nlydeen]

Where is the polonium-beryllium neutron initiator in this reaction? There are no neutrons to start the reaction in the first place. Uranium radiates gamma rays, among other things, but not neutrons.

[SpectatorAlius]

@nlydeen Wrong. Uranium is an alpha emitter. But by spontaneous fission, it also emits neutrons and gamma rays. It is the neutrons that cause a chain-reaction of fission releasing energy for either a reactor or a bomb. And the neutron initiator is NOT necessary for the reaction. Just helpful in some bomb designs.

[ASKaPHYSICIST]

I'd say this is essentially correct, except that it shows Plutonium rather than Uranium (Uranium's half-life is too long to allow it to self initiate fusion). So yeah, great work.

Would you mind if I used this in my next video, with due credit of course.

[SpectatorAlius]

@ASKaPHYSICIST No, it is not "essentially correct". Not even close. It shows deuterons leaving uranium nuclei, when in fact they emit no deuterons. And then the narration talks about gamma rays, which do NOT cause fission: it is (mostly thermal) neutrons that cause fission.

[Samyaza69]

The best part is the cactus when is hit by the explosion!

[orbazel]

Sorry dude, you've got a proton atom stuck to your neutron atom flying into the uranium. The proton would therefore be positively charged and would be repelled from the positively charged uranium. All you need is the neutron to de-stabilize the uranium.

[CogitoErgoCogitoSum]

You have this wrong. You said uranium atoms collide. Thats not true.

[BENN345]

well then if its wrong, dont put it on youtube...

[aang94479]

And that is splitting the atom.

[oozzyy454131]

if the uranium does not reach critical mass is there still a chance of it exploding? if so is it to the same extent as other famous nuclear explosions(ex. the ones dropped on japan in the 1940's)

[n310ea]

Is nuclear physics the same as molecular physics?

[TheoreticalPhysics00]

What Program Was This

[scerm]

i finally understand it now

[SpaceTime4D]

@SpaceTime4D Eh, I made a slight mistake. U-235 has an incredibly small chance of undergoing spontaneous fission, releasing neutrons. The reason we don't see any fissions in natural uranium is because a), these fissions are very rare, and b) there isn't enough U-235 to sustain the reaction.

[Blakut]

Also, nuclei rarely fission into 2 identical parts.

[kyle3420]

@Blakut actually, if you look at the chart of the nuclides, it gives fission yeild of all the possible fission products for U-233, U-235, and Pu-239. If you consider the probability as a function of atomic mass, then all 3 will produce a double-bell curve shaped graph ie. there is a higher chance for two fragments to be very different in mass

[kyle3420]

Just to clarify your video:

thermal (slow) neutrons are almost always responsible for inducing a fission.

However, what you are saying is that uranium will decay throwing out a particle that will induce another fission. Yes uranium does decay, and yes it does throw out a piece of itself. But its half life is something like 704 million years. So this really doesnt happen that often. Also, you have shown that a deuterium nucleus is emitted. this is false. Uranium-235 decays via alpha emission

[kyle3420]

@kyle3420 turning the uranium-235 nucleus into a thorium-231 nucleus (close SpaceTime4D, u just forgot that 231 is the mass number ie. 231 + 4 = 235) . Alpha particles are the nucleus of a helium nucleus, not a gamma which you have explained. but i digress. essintially what happens in a nuclear fission is the incoming neutron is slow enough (often called a thermal neutron) to interact with the uranium nucleus, causing it to split into two daughter products and somewhere between 2 - 5 neutrons

[kyle3420]

@kyle3420 these neutrons are what cause new reactions to occur. Its not a natural process for uranium to fission on its own. The idea is that uranium is a fissionable material, meaning you can cause it to fission. But without a source of neutrons to interact with the nucleus, a quantity of uranium-235 will just sit there and eventually decay away until there is none left.

so anyways, i gave thumbs up cuz the graphics were cool. My hope is that you will read this and learn something new lol

[SpaceTime4D]

@kyle3420 U-235 very rarely undergoes spontaneous fission, releasing 1 or 2 neutrons when doing so. I only found out recently. If I had a subcritical mass of U-235, it would probably decay as you described. But, if the mass was of the critical mass, I could very easily create a nuclear bomb.

The graphics were brilliant, but I still gave this a thumbs-down, for all the inaccuracies.

[vmelkon]

@kyle3420 Not even the graphics is right. It was showing a proton-neutron hitting the nucleus. Thumbs down.

[kyle3420]

@vmelkon lol I know.. its called a deuteron actually, as opposed to deuterium. But ya, clearly this is not a good representation of nuclear fission at all!

[nlydeen]

@vmelkon Almost everything here is incorrect. I agree, thumbs down.

[felix1396]

Wow, pretty cool!

[MissSnoopyR]

WoW !!! This is amazing !

[SpaceTime4D]

I was going to go and explain all the inaccuracies in this video, but I'm not even going to bother. You really should've done your research first.

[SpaceTime4D]

@SpaceTime4D What the hell, I like giving lengthy explanations. Starts in a reply to this post.

[SpaceTime4D]

@SpaceTime4D 0:15 You shown us a deuteron decay of uranium-235. I never heard of deuteron emission as a form of radioactive decay. Uranium-235 doesn't decay like that.

0:20 Again, I stress the mistake you made. Gamma rays are high-energy photons emitted by an energetic nucleus. You called a deuteron a gamma ray.

(Continued in a reply to this.)

[SpaceTime4D]

@SpaceTime4D 0:22 You're showing a deuteron about to collide into a protactinium-233 nucleus. This will not induce nuclear fission. Also, how the hell did the deuteron get behind the same nucleus it was emitted from?

0:25 No deuterons are ever produced from nuclear fission. Ignore the deuterons, that free proton, add a few neutrons, and you did well showing fission products.

(Continued into a reply to this.)

[SpaceTime4D]

@SpaceTime4D 0:36 "Can't really notice it happening?" In ordinary uranium, the amount of U-235 is too low for a chain reaction to occur. No fissions occur at all in natural uranium. A U-235 nucleus cannot induce another to fission.

(Continued in a reply to this.)

[SpaceTime4D]

@SpaceTime4D 0:47 Again, I must bring up that a U-235 cannot induce another to fission. If you were correct, then why wouldn't nuclear weaponry go off on their own? Beside, if all the atoms released a deuteron, as you shown, the result would be the non-fissile thorium-233. Th-233 + H-2 --> U-235. A neutron induces fission, not a deuteron.

Thankfully, this is the final inaccuracy I found. But I found a lot of inaccuracies to begin with. Concluded in a reply to this!

[yezidi11]

thats Nuclear fission hehe

[pyrioni]

wow, so easy to understand.

[Sh1t0nTheVilla]

dont be harsh fair play too the kid this is my GCSE and hes explained it for me thanks :D

[Fordi]

"I know NOTHING about nuclear physics. Stop sending me angry comments and messages."

'k.

Just a few things: alpha decay kicks 2 neutrons and 2 protons; 235-U has 2 decay modes: alpha and spontaneous fission, the A far more likely than SF. Induced fission is the result of a neutron absorption. Fission produces "fast" neutrons, which are unlikely to fission further U-235 atoms. In a reactor, this is solved by slowing down the neutrons. In a bomb, they enrich the U-235 and use a lot of it.

[loopyfruit11]

@Fordi Exactly. Also, only about 1% of the uranium actually fissions in a nuclear bomb. Not ALL of it, as stated in the video.

[Fordi]

@loopyfruit11

To addend, it can be from 1-20%, depending on the weapon design. Efficiencies can't get much better than that because while the weapon is fissioning, it's heating up, and very quickly becoming non-critical (criticality is the point at which each fission results in another fission) due to lowered density (fewer atoms per inch of neutron path means the neutron is less likely to be absorbed).

[loopyfruit11]

@Fordi It's good to know that at least some people on YouTube actually know what they're talking about ... in this case, the comments are more useful than the video!

[vaprsnake21]

@lionsforlyons Well, I am not sure about intelligent, but you did ask the right person as I am a PhD student in nuclear engineering (albeit my specific field is fusion). This question is a little more complicated than it seems. But, the short answer is "yes," but in quotes, because it depends on exactly how you want to crash them into each other.

I am sending you a message on youtube that explains. I wrote too much to fit into several comments.

[kellystone84]

Is nuclear fission found in nature aside from the first atomic bombs and nuclear power plants?

[graymalkin1234]

Gamma particles do not cause fission, it is stray neutrons!

[cellchat]

thats an alpha particle hitting the atom buddy. Just letting you know, lol

[MadHatterTruth]

lol this is cool

[Jaguard1993]

Gamma is alot stronger than radio wave still, it's in wave form :P

[strass59]

awesome =P

[spotlightman1234]

please do more reaserch on this topic before making a video

there weer a lot of critical errors in this video : L

[jemhson]

behold! the most difficult college degree in the history of mankind, if you got Ph.D level in this, your momma must be proud of yah! I like nuclear and mushroom clouds and bombs before but after knowing that theres thousands of math involved i backed out and choose BSCS(Bachelor of Science in Computer Science) instead coz i HATE math a lot. I mean who disagree? this is the hardest shit ever!

[sheldordaworrior]

wow

if you made that bomb animation yourself u deserve a medal

its so much better than that other crap

they try to make it cool but they go to far and put too much of "what they THINK" it looks like

out of shape and stuff

this simple little animation shown here

is all u need to get a cool special effect

[robase50]

watch the history of the H-bomb, you know on that hu and lu site : ). then come back to this, it may help you understand it better.

[KarbineKyle]

Nice! astronomyisamazing is correct though, those particles being released are deuterons, (deuterium or H-2 nucleons). It's actually throwing off Helium-4 nucleons and free neutrons, (alpha & spontaneous fission). When U-235 is struck by a neutron, U-236 is now the isotope for fission and reaches critical mass, and ~3 neutrons are released, splitting the atom into Krypton-92 and Barium-141. If you add, say 92 + 141, you have 233. Add the 3 neutrons, you get 236. U-236 is what went under fission.

[dariodeborbon]

big shit+

[BabeeeeG]

not bad but i dont understand it :D

[powerovergamec]

not bad

[nicholasb12]

Actually nuclear physics is a bit more complicated. The nuclei are so large that packing friction is very low and they are on the edge of the strong interaction limit. This adds up to where alpha particles fall off of the nuclei. Alpha particles are helium nuclei. Also when they hit a nucleus, some particles are thrown off and neutrinos and gamma rays are release by a process, and so on.

[DanieleAndreani95]

nuclear!

[kirbykid123]

Um...from what i know as a 6th grader this seems to be the basic idea, uranium isotopes dont shoot them selves off the ida is that you fire a proton into the atom and that causes anothe proton to shoot out and hit the other atoms.....which cuases a chain reaction, i think ( i did read the desc)

[astronomyisamazing]

Pretty close, it's actually a neutron (thermal neutron). It is captured by the U235 to become U236 which is highly unstable, and splits into Ba + Kr + 3 free neutrons in about one trillionth of a second. It is these three neutrons from each step which maintain the chain reaction.

[marshabc]

@astronomyisamazing you seem to know what your on about but why would you go and say that it splits into Ba + Kr + 3 n when you should know that it can break down into lots of different combinations of nuclei???

[wowfanatic100]

Anyone know what the study of radiation is called?

[kirbykid123]

I think Radiology

[astronomyisamazing]

Radiology is the medicinal side of the effects of radiation on the Human body, I think the general study is just Nuclear Physics.

[MrSweatyPants]

Radiological physics. however, I am a Radiographer :)

[popman638isthebest]

when the fission method is used, on U235 it explodes and expends atomic energy, mass=energy, fusion method chain reactions take up a lot of power, the power then can be gotten back with a controlled nuclear reaction from the fission method, 80kg's of uranium enriched 97% U235 is a critical mass and a stray neutron may make a chain reaction, they have 40 kg's (sub critical mass) of enriched uranium in each end of a atomic bomb, and tnt to blast the 2 together into a neutron compartment :)

[pinhead123]

Nicely done

[ICANGO247]

What grade did you get on your project.

[MicrosoftsourceCode]

Well explained m8 5/5

[MagicRevealer09]

what program did you use?

[niklespikles]

KEEP UP,KEEP UP!!! BOY!!!!!!!

[dalequarmby]

Can anyone read the description!!!!?????

[marshabc]

you induce a chain reaction to start by bombarding a radioisotope with neutrons, the neutrons will be absorbed by the nucleus and will become a fissile nucleus, then this will undergo fission and will emit more neutrons which will induce other nuclei to do the same, and this will only happen at the substances critical mass or when it is at super-critical mass, and only a very small proportion of the nuclei in the mass will undergo fission, ffs learn your stuff b4 making a video of it, idiot

[popman638isthebest]

you need 80 Kg's of U235 for it to be critical mass

U235 is radioisotope and radioisotope is usaully uranium and sometimes plutonium that has been enriched with U235 (97%) and U238 (3%)

im not trying to say you don't know this i am just adding to your extraordinary comment, i like a person who is well informed, i try to do my best :)

[marshabc]

im sorry but this is awfull

[st1cklebr1ck]

Awful explanation of fission. It is not a gamma photon that comes out to set off the chain reaction.

[popman638isthebest]

ya it's neutrons from a fissile nucleus like marchabc has explained, the only way for it to become fissile is if it absorbs neutrons and becomes unbalanced, then it expends more neutrons and does the same to others

[shaftymcshifterson]

then what the fuck is plutonium and krypton, and barium are used for in an atom bomb then?

[Emperorlawson]

Great explanation

[Dookiii]

OMG

[bloodz1311]

hahaha nice narrating =]

[quarkphotonect]

Total Bull shit sorry of swearing but it is all totaly untrue

[quarkphotonect]

Thats true

[lvll138inrs]

i want to be the scientist to find a way for nuclear fussion!

[marshabc]

@lvll138inrs idiot

[marshabc]

@lvll138inrs they already have done it...

[esgotos]

It's amazing

[richwaight]

Nice... just a naff joke at the end... :)

[sanshuz]

This is how one of the atomic bombs was made by reaching crital mass of Uranium 235 by means of implosion

[Sindross]

There is no implosion in an atomic bomb. It reaches critical mass by having a slow neutron bombarding a Uranium atome. This is called fission.

[st1cklebr1ck]

Not quite true; a fusion bomb is detonated using a fission reaction. The deutiium is put under pressure to start the fusion reaction by the pressure caused by the imploding fission reaction surrounding it.

[sprkid3]

he says it threw out a gamma particle... but it was a proton and a neutron, therefore an alpha particle. a beta particle is an electron, and a gamma particle is energy

?

[tommydaskanninchen]

read what he wrote its only for the technical shit not for the physical

a proton and a neutron leaving the core?

man no that would be deuterium

after the fission a neutron is leaving the core and it seperates into two new cores...

but its for the sake of using 3d shit so..

he could have researched but whatever he wrote it so cool

[applesandpears6]

an alpha particle is 2 protons and 2 neutrons

[Sindross]

Gamma is NOT a partical, it's a radio wave. When uranium splits, it releases fast neutron particle.

[sammywilloe]

Photon is the particle i think..

[st1cklebr1ck]

A photon is very much a particle. When you put a gamma source in front of a GM tube you hear distinct clicks as the photons are picked up. Einstein won the noble prize for his work on the photo electric effect that can only be explained by EM radiation coming in discreet quanta - photons where the energy of the photon is E=hf (plank constant x frequency of radiation).

[sachkofretef]

@Sindross its spelled partiCLE, gammaS(wtf ?) are higly energetized photons :), gamma RAYS on the other hand are ELECTROMAGNETIC waves! Learn your terminology ffs !

[SpaceTime4D]

@Sindross Gamma isn't a radio wave. Gamma rays are a form of light (radio waves are another), but the two are on the far opposite ends of the EM spectrum.

[loopyfruit11]

@Sindross gamma rays, x-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared and radio waves are all just different forms of light operating at different wave lengths. And what is light? A photon, a particle.

[Reaglesification]

@Sindross Wave partical duality. Google it cunt.



[marshabc]

umm sprkid3????? alpha particles consist of 2 protons and 2 neurons

[koskowa]

Hehe i feel like such a geek watching this xP

[9971314011]

sexy!!!!!

[koskowa]

Haha what's so sexy about that ?! XD

[YAROFYEV]

Gamma radiation is an electromagnetic wave not a proton and neutron

[calzagheisthebest]

hmmm very informative

[blacklions714]

that was a good try to understanding how it works. But remember E= mc2 thats how you reach and create the mass explosion.

[scientificboysclub]

could u tell me what software u have used !!??

[samwellomar]

It could randomly explode, yea.

Chances are like. . . 1 in a very big number though

[alecTHElion]

dont be dumb, called decay

[samwellomar]

No. . . if the uranium is compressed to critical mass, the explosion is random.

And does anyone else think this guy's voice is the same as the one from 'I have 3, ps3's' ?

[N1ddhog]

I also have this yellow cake...

[tommydaskanninchen]

but that wont happen by random ;-)

[dismembert]

no he said only under pressure you know that critical mass stuff

right?

[lolzomgz1337]

so this means a a peace or uranium can randomley explode?

[DuskY1991]

Lol that's a cool video man!

[PeruchoX]

If i'm in the middle of a nuclear blast, should go inside my refrigetator?

[mikeyidh]

Is that deuterium flying of of the U235.

[lebensborn666]

Nice video man, 5/5

[andrewgcambridge]

Good commentry to the video, makes it better to understand.

[DanBalan1]

Does anyone know how to stop a nuclear chain reaction? I REALLY need to know.

[LifeLibertyLove]

All the uranium atoms are destroyed.

[DanBalan1]

Thanks

[LifeLibertyLove]

No thank you!

[kevin8714]

introduce "poisons" such as graphite or boron which have a high thermal neutron absorbtion cross section. they will absorb a large number thermal neutrons so that they cannot create fission in neighboring nuclei, reducing the Keffective to below 1, causing the reaction to eventually die out.

[lolzomgz1337]

i guess some 1 had to go all wikipedia style xD

[Sindross]

The fourth type of radiation is neutron radiation which this video describes. They're created by the fission process of a reactor.

[TXRebelOK]

Emission of:

Electron = Beta Waves

Proton = Alpha Waves

Photon = Gama Waves

[Sindross]

Beta particles are high speed electrons released from a disintegrating nucleus. These transitions facilitate an unstable nucleus to establish a more favorable neutron proton ration. It can either have a negative or positive charge, negatron / positron.

[Sindross]

Alpha radiation are emitted only from very heavy nuclei that have an atomic number, Z, of 82 or more, except in artificially produced nuclides. An alpha particle has two protons, two neutrons and a net charge of +2. Once an alpha particle has lost its energy and slowed down it will collect two orbital electrons from the free electron population around it to become an ordinary helium atom.

[Sindross]

After each of the previous types of radioactive decay, which resulted in the emission of a particle from nucleus, the new nucleus will have an excess energy. This energy results from the rearrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The excited nucleus then releases its excess energy in the form of gamma ray.

[Sindross]

It's the neutron that creates fission, not gamma. Gamma radiation is often the byproduct of Alpha and Beta radiation.

[Sn2m]

no entendi naah XD i don't understen

[Killazaa]

You no speak english? Can you not understand me? Hehe...

[Pimdeflans]

TNX ~~!!!!

[vaprsnake21]

nuclei will fission spontaneously with a minute probability, but nearly all fissions are caused by neutron absorption of the nucleus.

A gamma particle is a gamma ray, which is a light photon (not a neutron + proton as you showed). A uranium atom, i am going by memory, only emits electrons (beta), gamma rays, and helium nuclei, or fission spontaneously.

The illustration of fission shouldo be two daughter nuclei + about 3 high energy (fast) neutrons. The neutrons fission more atoms.

[N1ddhog]

That's really enlightening. Thanks for posting!

[vaprsnake21]

Splendid video, i have only read the comments on this front page; however, there is some discrepencies with what you depict as fission. While i do not have a cross section file handy (cross sections determine probabilities for specific reactions), there is a reason why there is so much talk aboout neutronics in nuclear physics. It is the neutrons that do almost all of the fissioning (you show it as a pair of a neutron and a proton, this pair would actually not exist or be ejected from a nucleus

[zebikabiro]

Its like you're trying to explain it to some high school kids.

[N1ddhog]

Actually, I WAS trying to explain it to high school kids. The exact assignment was: "Create a 1 minute(60 Second) animation using Cinema 4D that explains a physical phenomenon. Keep it simple."

[LomtickofToast]

Great video! I loved the ending animation.

[nickman90gr]

Well I have read the discription, and it's matter of fact that this is not quite how it works but in general this is the case... Well some years ago when I was 12 this phenomenon made me wanna be a nuclear physicist...

[N1ddhog]

Cool! what do you mean by phenomenon?

[U235Man]

Nice job! A critical mass does not necessarily result in a rapid chain reaction as in a bomb. In nuclear power plants geometry and materials make nuclear explosions impossible. If a chain reaction gets too fast, heat causes neutrons to be absorbed at higher rates, shutting down the reaction. If it overheats, cladding and fuel could melt - a "meltdown," but no explosion. The damaged core would be contained inside the reactor vessel & containment where it would be cooled down & cleaned up.

[N1ddhog]

Very Interesting! Thanks!

[aztecAmericanpride]

you see this is how it works, when an atom is splited in half it formes two Atoms there for two neucleus, but not all protons and neutrons go into the two neucleos, some neutrons are left out freely, and this lose neutrons collide with an othere Atom and that atom is splited in half as well and there more neutrons spliting othere atoms this is called a chaine reaction, in less than 2seconds a billion billion billion atoms are devided

[N1ddhog]

I would like to thank you from the bottom of my heart for actually posting a useful, informative comment.

[kurtu5]

Nice, imagination is really what science is about. Some details.

If those are electrons, they should be fuzzier and about a hundred thousands miles away from the nucleus at the scale you are drawing. Thats how "small" the nucleus is. You could never get them as close as you did in the video. The electrons push back.

This is why critical mass is so important, think how hard it would be to hit the nearest 100,000,000 atoms just once?

There is so much more, keep it up.

[aztecAmericanpride]

this not how it works man study a lil bit more.

[N1ddhog]

Oh for the love of... Does anyone EVER read movie descriptions?

[mcdope1010]

lol since when was an atomic nucleus that big it`s obvious to me that you dont know shit about nuclear physics atomic physics or any type of physics you should really think about what you say before you acually say it like you said gamma ray, when it was a deutron that was released you really need to reconcider befor you put something on you tube because your falsely educating people who watch this.

[N1ddhog]

goddamn. Please. Read the comment.

[loizzzz]

What a piece of bullshit in just one minute- 1) the particle you are showing is a deuteron, not neutron. 2) You mistakenly call the particle gamma. 3) Critical mass has nothing to do with "compressing" of matter. 4) Your scale of the size of nucleus and the electrons if off by about 10^5.

Certailny nuclear physics is hard for you!

[N1ddhog]

Obviously. I've never taken a class, never so much as even looked at a textbook. You will find if you actually read the description of this video that you have only repeated everything that I have already said about it. But thanks for telling me what a Deuteron is. Perhapse you would like to make your own video?

[loizzzz]

Hi, sorry for my angry comment, I was just hopeless after watching some antinuclear BS elsewhere about the lack of knowledge about these things in general, and then I hoped to watch something of a substance saw your video and did not read the comment. I am sorry.

I guess people who know a bit about these things should do much better job in educating others, calmly. Sorry again, I need a camera ...:)

[N1ddhog]

Hey, don't worry about it! All is forgiven. I can sympathise with feelings of hopelessness aginst the ignorance of mankind. I just don't happen to be able to help in the education of this particular subject. No hard feelings ^^