PCR

[caNNoNNboydeNNis]

oh my gosh!! u saved my biology mark :D

[RareEmerauld86]

It was driving me nuts when he kept saying the term "melting" - You don't melt the DNA dude! DNA is being DENATURED - separation of strands!!!

[pjsavalia]

you made it seem to easy...:-) Thanx a Billion..;-)

[RDPApotheker]

great video, thank you!

[DannyMac100]

PCR - Pretty Cool, Right?

[SuperHaley88]

This video is the shit!

[frdrkjee]

this. voice. is. so. booring

[lifeDotGov]

lol pg296 of 12 nelson biology.. hours trying to understand that shit

[baabaa33]

awesomo

[HussainAA1]

love it 

[PhuNguyen88]

genetics took me here, its boring and stupid !

[plaagg33st]

echt een heel mooi filmpje, ik kreeg de tranen in mijn ogen :')

[TheNormalJack]

THIS was sooooo helpful :)............ i need this for scholarship and they don't teach it at my school !

[dragonbeast182]

@TheNormalJack

do you go to clown school or something?

[TheNormalJack]

@dragonbeast182 I wonder aye.... my college didn't teach it in level three because it was TOO hard " Sigh". I was the only person in the whole school to do the national scholarship paper so i had to learn it by myself ( Genetics and biotech Lvl 3). Lol apparently this is too hard for 17 year olds ???

[Yressa]

how do they know what sequence to make the oligonucleotide primers?

[Wii624]

Ahh FU Grade 12 bio! ;(

[mAsTaBlAcK1]

@Wii624 haha wait til 4th year oncology @ McGill motherf*cker with RT qRT-PCR & methylation-specific qRT-PCR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[Wii624]

@mAsTaBlAcK1 I might save myself the pain and not major in biology :P

[DwBrot]

i dont understand english very good, but this animations are great! i understand it better than the german textes from my school book -.-

[NivadaStil]

This video is wonderful!!

[ninjahorse666]

It would be so much easier to understand if I could hear it. Stupid school computers! >:(

[mbi271]

Great video! To read more about PCR or to troubleshoot PCR problems google "PCRWiz" (there is a free PDF guide to PCR with lots of useful info). I'll make a link to this video from the PCRWiz website.

[DroseraBohemica]

I finally get it!

[eusebor]

Really helped me out a lot!

[ace666999]

I JUST SPENT hours understanding this in a book, and this managed to do it in 4 minutes ! Books should have LCD's in their pages with animated clips for learning

[sharma1337]

@ace666999

In the future my friend

[daruvuri89]

good animation, thank you



[daruvuri89]

i really appreciate it, thank you very much, i have learned so many things about PCR after watching this animation

[TheBoleynLegacy]

Amazing, thank you

[metallica9100]

hay i have a [Q] is it a nucler DNA or just a genomis DNA ?

[Bauch373]

I have my exam tomorrow.... this is helpful.

[BrAnd0nBr00tAl]

Top notch.

[evilbluebear]

SO USEFUL!

[xjaammiiee]

why read it when you can watch it? HELL YEAH

[Wunderdorf1990]

o ja pierdole

[satishbotany]

This is the very good animation, for explain PCR...This also is very famous.....Great work..

[Fataleschijt]

@666mikelblack go fuck yourself idiot en for 14268220..

I'm not from US or UK,, i don't have to speak english.. so i don't care what you say.. but maybe you should look in the dictionary and see if you can find Engrish in there. I'm out so complain what you want..

[Zohayb786]

how do u no which side the 3' and 5' side? and after all this is done. how is the targer gene seperated frm all the left over genes?

[Nick153452]

@Zohayb786 After this is done there are over 1 billion target DNA sequences, or the gene you want, and only 60 that are the ones you don't want because they contain extra nucleotides. That is as pure as you're going to get, I think....

[Fataleschijt]

@14268220

Its your reaction that is dumb that makes you dumb in person as well.

i said that its easy to understand THIS.. not the whole damn

PCR. why don't you go think about that for a while before posting something like this

[14268220]

@Fataleschijt Engrish speaky is good, yes?

[Fataleschijt]

@drmad2

wel if you need hours to understand this you must be a dumb student or a worse teacher

[14268220]

@Fataleschijt Not necessarily, the basic concept of PCR is easily explained in this video, whereas the full understanding takes hours. If you think the PCR is that simple and can be fully explained in this 5 minute video, then I think it is you that is the dumb student.

[h2rryp0tter]

@14268220 hehe do you know that the kid you commented to that his name translated to English means ''Fatal shit'' :D

[666mikelblack]

@Fataleschijt asshole

[llethaface11]

Cool!

[renehsuperstar]

thank god for modern media :)

[gaurav11130022]

nice video...thanks a lot

[fizza1982]

great video!

[will0wamber]

my lecture took 3 hours to explain this i love how it only takes mins on a vid thank you

[zapdosew]

WOW :) thank you very much --> extremely helpful

I UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING SO WELL NOW EXCEPT TO WHY 18 PEOPLE COULD POSSIBLY DISLIKE THIS ANIMATION

[palmayjc]

thank

[soniccastle]

thank u i've been struggling with this for the past half an hour....

[WhiteFoxSebas]

Very helpful

[SuperJoeOD]

thumbs up if you are a medical student at JUST

[nickjinks1]

Outstanding animation and commentary. I'll be using this for lectures. I agree with ineinerbank, silly time constraints.

[ineinerbank]

thank god, since they changed our medical biology curriculum we have to work through 2 semestres of human genetics in 10 hours of classes. you saved us all!

[optimusprime389]

nice

[semprej81]

We have seen this video in my classroom! This video is very helpful.

[ghetto0superstar]

THERE SHOULD BE ANIMATION IN LECTURES!

who needs profs if we got to actually visualize all these abstract concept

life would be so much easier we would learn and understand so much better

[MaximumMaxime]

thanks helped me on my report

[ravuthpum]

I watched this video when I was a freshman taking General Biology. Three years later now, and I'm watching the same video while studying for a Biochemistry exam.

[MightyRoy]

May I know the mathematical formula for calculating the non target longer length DNA sequences? There are different kinds of longer length fragments, how do I calculate them all?

[hmd1986]

very concise and informative with great depictions. thanks a lot.

[AldiMafia]

very helpful video (:

[AldiMafia]

very helpful video (:

[ctran019]

ITS OVER 9000!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1

[archiko99]

well done, thanks.

[sd017437]

This video gives a good overview of PCR

[Jasexxxxx]

I literally fell asleep to this video.

[caspertjuuh]

@Jasexxxxx bet it was a short nap

[kelloggcerealxoxo]

@Jasexxxxx wow you fall asleep really fast then

[Moonshield15]

@Jasexxxxx Get the fuck out of here.

[karlkarlkarl1234]

Love stoking my pussy while watching molecular biology clips.

[Adz795]

But HOW DOES the target sequence get sepaarated from the original DNA ???

SOMEBODY pleeeeaaase care to explain!!!!

Thank You in advance!

[muwunfuntin]

@Adz795 by using gel purification...run product on gel and then isolate the fragment and melt the agarose and now you have "pure" product

[Dexterprog]

@Adz795: you mean at 2:30? By melting them at 95 C, the same thing you do on step 1 of the first cycle to separate the double chain DNA

[Naowed]

This video explains the process wonderfully! Thank you.

[1144bram]

I wonder how many creationists watch video's like this, and also how many would understand it. :D

[harry3647]

Excellent video, thanks,...I don`t speak English, but animation is so clear and easy to understand

[Alkaskie]

@harry3647 lol

[powertrai]

one word

good!!!!!!

[jackospina]

Just got turned on...

[sunlovingguy]

Excellent video! thnx to the creator! God bless. Peace. :-)

[snoopcatt12]

beautiful representation. I ave to do this in my lab in 2 hours and this is extremely helpful

[MissiKickAss]

i wish this was as complicated as it got.

[pinkielady777]

Who knew youtube could be so educational!!!

[84306d]

good

[abdizi612]

any of you take clinical chemistry

[shaaron87]

sexy

[gellyboyman]

go visual learning

[emshore]

So helpful! Thank you!

[droletex]

Thanks! This was really helpful!

[macoxupo]

A lot of thanx! You saved me from hours of reading!!

[sachimuhabbat]

Thanks brother, I was unable to understand PCR by reading it from book. But this video have cleared my concept...

[xoolxme]

Thank you! That was so good!

[xoolxme]

Thank you it's very clear:)

[sirussell1]

good job! It would've taken a whole Genetics class to explain this

[3669999]

Thank you ! You saved me from hours of reading. Five stars.

[civ102]

This is very very helpful, my PHD Prof couldn't explain this well!

[monkeydentity]

THANK YOU! that was soooo much more clear than my text book!

[fightingnate]

nice mic

[drmad2]

animation is the way to go in education

that would have taken hours to explain in a class

[CucumbersUnite]

it did take hours to explain in my class, and none of us understood a word of it!

[Awsomedotcom]

@drmad2

no it would take about 15 minutes max... for someone who had never seen it before but knows basic bio

[Kha0zz23]

I think its a good video but i think so too, that it has a small mistake.

the primers should not bind at the green area which i want to be coppied, it should bind a few nuleotides befor :)

[Alkaskie]

@Kha0zz23 primer binding is correct.

[muwunfuntin]

@Alkaskie agreed, he would be right if you wanted to do sequencing

[Dexterprog]

@Kha0zz23: why?

[OneTimeFourYourMind]

@Kha0zz23 Yeah, this is correct, don't know what Kha0zz is talking about

[picture737]

@Kha0zz23

Your statement is NOT correct! Within the PCR there are not used RNA-Primer (as in it works normally) but DNA-Primers! The taq-Polymerase has not to "fix" this kind of Primer because it´s just perfect the way it is.

If RNA-Primers were used, the target DNA would get shorter and shorter and shorter. So they use DNA-Primers. :-)

[karadhras13]

@Kha0zz23 Quite right-the primers ought to 'flank' the target sequence, rather than bind to the end of the target sequence. So, the video doesn't merit 100%, but I'd still give it say, 95%-wouldn't you?

[Halkbr]

@Kha0zz23 Your logic is understandable, but it would only be correct if you were using RNA primers. In PCR, DNA primers are used, so the'll naturally become part of the extending strands, and can start binding exactly in the start of the target sequence.

[picture737]

@Kha0zz23

In the PCR one uses DNA-Primers (and not RNA-Primers as in normal replication).

So the video is right, as these DNA-Primers work as normal nucleotides, they don´t need a further processing by the Polymerase (as it would be in reproduction).

[swiftedg]

@Kha0zz23 Right, the way they emphasize the area that includes the primer is slightly misleading

[Gyperboloid]

@Kha0zz23 Hm, why not ? Won't we get exactly what we need and not some extra stuff ?  :)

[vespoligirl77]

Thank you so much! Helped me understand the whole process so much more than originally!

[apoorvatendolkar]

I agree... The best PCR video so far....

[mlinke1]

the best PCR video, by far!!!

if only you mentioned RT-PCR

[squirtleenblastoise]

can anybody explain. why i never seem to get it in a 2 hour talk.

but after watching this video of 4 mins, i do get it?

those teachers just suck. praise youtube.

[Sportyguy5858]

I know exactly what you mean lol. This video makes total sense.

[ajkkjjk52]

Tapahtum...:

You're on the right track here. You do get small amounts of longer products (you did, after all, start out with an entire genome), but your specific amplification generally outnumbers these by a factor of 10^7:1 or more.

These smaller, non-target fragments are separated by the electrophoresis, it's just that when you run them on the gel the quantity is too small to see; we only see the amplified bands because there are SO many molecules composing them.

Hope that helps.

[Tapahtumahorisontti]

Yeah, it did. Thanks for correcting me :)

[GnosisSandwich]

Great vid, thanks from UW Oshkosh

[sorrownator]

Thanks man, helped me a lot understandig this Topic altough I'm not a native english-speaker!

[pomer503]

thanks for the video, this is wath i needed

[konohasugio]

That makes so much more sense now, thanks

[xMiro7x]

so mof***** interesting!"

[icegeforce]

Is this "Nested PCR"?

[microfetish]

I looked at many videos depicting the PCR process and this one was the best by far that I found. It succeeds in the difficult task of showing why random length PCR products are overwhelmed by specific length products and are not seen on a gel.

[Tapahtumahorisontti]

Microfetish, I'm a bit confused.

My experience in biology is only equivalent to that of a college strudent, but assuming you're referring to agarose gel used in electrophoresis, wouldn't the different-sized DNA strands, as a matter of fact, be seen in the gel when electrophoresis is commenced?

Or does the PCR-endowed DNA mixture contain such minute traces of longer / shorter strands that they cannot be seen even when separated by electrophoresis?

[Moowsy]

Great video :)

[meganrosew]

yeah the primer is in excess and the sequence is specific enough that the primer will go to the target sequence ends. =)

[mgcmushroomman]

Awesome job!!

[sowutifmahsnsux]

awesome helpful video

[robertrodrig1]

I love this. So f**ing interesting.

[khosrok]

Why does the polymerase start at 3' ?

[whatevaaah]

That way the new strand synthesizes from 5' to 3'. Only direction possible for the DNA Polymerase that bonds the nucleotides.

[NoSz4]

And all this thanks to thermus aquaticus.

[Kieranmusic89]

Clear, concise, nice vid thanks it helped alot :)

[luismartinez1091]

I'm studying for USMLE step 1 and i found this vid pretty useful. Hell yeah!!

[colagrey]

that means the primer will automatically go to the target sequence??

[thewallcorp]

but to get the primers, i need to now the secuencies of my target dna , right?

[moralaa]

Most definately, your target DNA will be the template and the primers will be dictated by the anti-codon nucleotides.

[mienchen07]

exactly.

[ImNormanBates]

muchisimo mas efciente q mi profesora

=D GRACIAS

[bendabeast]

thats genius! great vid, thanks

[immunoglobin123]

THANK YOU SO MUCH for sharing such a nice video

[forgivensign]

man your awesome, thanks for sharing this

[Archzenom]

NICE ONE! Two Thumbs UP!

[rakele11]

I'm confused..how does it happen that you get only the target sequences fomr the longer length pieces od DNA?

[maya0702]

Im pretty sure it is because the primers are specific for the target DNA.

[fleazo77]

Imagine you have a virus wheere you want to amplify one gene. If there are other strains existing you can order primers which will only the very first section of what you want to look at. This will go through everything and only begin copying this gene then.

[10010100100101]

very informative and helpful, thank you

[jaykadaver]

aren't primers supposed to be RNA?

[YoK91]

Regularly, yes.

[fleazo77]

In nature the primers are most likely RNA. However, in the lab DNA primers are used to do things like PCR, and these can be made by many bio engineering companies. You just send them a sequence and they will send you back a tube of primers.

[KD8327]

I really needed this... THANK YOU SO MUCH!!

[mariiam19]

there three types of polymerase I II and taq polymerase i think that should have been made more clear because polymerase alone denatures at 37 degrees so it cant be usedd its missleading it should be fixed

[cpri032]

not really.. Taq polymerase just means its polymerase from a type of polymerase that was found in a thermophilic bacteria (Thermus aquaticus). There are different polymerases found in dfferent organisms that function and denature at different temperatures (which is based arund that organisms body temperature). for instance u refer to "Human" DNA polymerase which functions optimimally at ~37 degress celcius (our body temperature). At temperatures above this the polymerase will start to denature

[cpri032]

conversely polymerase from a turtle (cold blooded) will be different again and will function optimally at certain temperature range (that the turtles body usually is) and at higher temperatures will denature again. each polymerase from each animal is specialized to function at their respective body temp. The taq bacteria lives at around 75-80 degress celcius and hence its polymerase has evolved to function optiminally at that temperature....

[cpri032]

hence Taq polymerase is not a TYPE of polymerase as u have suggested (i.e. I, II and taq) it is actually Thermus aquaticus's DNA polymerase I (i.e. its DNA polymerase I that has evolved to function at high teperatures which we nickname taq polymerase).

FYI- there is actually more than 2 types of DNA polymerase.

look on wikipedia "dna polymerase" .

there are prokaryote polymerases (5) and eukaryotic polymerases (some say ~15), these are divided into 7 subfamilies based on sequence homology

[titocapote]

THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THIS VIDEO

[jonzky2000]

very good

[littlechakchak2]

very useful thx a lot!!!!

[Uxoriouswidow]

Which primer is the reverse and which is the forward?

[Shamcas89]

I love this video

[soaringcow]

very helpful thanks

[srirezeki]

Very useful..^_^ Thanks..

[khartoum77]

Merci bcp! Very useful :)

[rlim19]

the end of cycle 30 , it should be 1073741764 target dna and 60 longer length dna

[jcesar810619]

certifico este video...

Es de lo mejor que se puede encontrar de la Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) como método de amplificación del ADN

Great video!