The Weird Quantum World (11 of 15)

[jeanpatrickbourbon]

1:31 Carl Sagan look

[hovsec]

albert eisntein, genius, i wish they woul explain the photoelectric effect a little better

[Avatarass]

@hovsec Einstein was against the quantum theory. Some genius he was. He wasn't a genius, just a guy with large imagination.

[hovsec]

@Avatarass naaah, he still was a genius, he just got stuck in his ideas and did not wanna be open to other ideas, had he lived in our time i wonder what he could do for sceince

[Thaer35]

Nothing comes from nothing. Somthing does not come from nothing, it is illogical to think that way something comes from nothing.

[womo1975]

All points lead to God. I cannot wait for judgement day. I would love to see all the scientists, atheists, and organized religous members faces when this happens.

[smarthandsomeguy]

@womo1975 >"I would love to see all the scientists, atheists, and organized religous members faces when this happens."

That's a pretty mischievous thing to say. I hope there will be some decent ppl up there who feel bad about fellow humans (like me) being hurt for not accepting unsupported claims, and start a petition or something.

Btw: How could anyone be happy in heaven knowing that others are in agony, just because they tried to be honest. How would that feel after the first trillion years?

[Joke9972]

Uncertainty is only a definition, the thing being uncertain does not have understand it like being uncertain, or even be uncertain. We only define it as such out of the observation of Newton's Laws, and that's exactly why we conceived it as being uncertain as opposed to predictable.

[JohnnyZenith]

WHERE ARE THE OTHER PARTS !

[prozrachno]

Classic world, quantum world, macro and micro worlds.. after all, these are all layers of Reality we live in. Reality in the face if this cosmic quantum structure called "Universe". Everything is interconnected, because it is build upon one another, all elements in all structures in the entire Universe, which is a cholarchy-based structure.. It is all so mesmerizing when you think about it! :]

[lechieuminhduc]

The host looks like Keanu Reeves

[nickharvey7]

We have the Lorentz contraction of the geometry of spacetime relative to the mass or energy of an object therefore time must be a measurement and a variable. Could it not be possible that at smaller and smaller distances and shorter and shorter time scales this variable could also be the Hidden Variable of quantum physics? That can explain randomness at the quantum level

[omnissient]

it seems that to understand the big bang it is necessary to unite quantum effects and relativity somehow.

Electroweak force and strong force make perfect sense in the quantum world. gravity, time and space make perfect sense in the relativistic world.

But they seem to not fit together well. gravity seems to be just different from the other forces. Maybe it is. Maybe there are two seperate forces. I hope they get united. would be cool

[stevenreid1990]

@omnissient Well, there is M theory which claims to combine the two together, but its a branch of string theory.

[Austin101123]

@omnissient What I think is that gravity IS the same. Force travels through strings, which are most of the time attached to membranes. Different frequencies of the force movement makes different forces and different particles.. Although, gravity is not attached to a membrane, it just floats around in it, although force is an 11 dimensional object, and sence it is not attached to this 4 dimensional world, it floats off into other dimensions which makes it weaker. The frequency makes it different.

[ParaBokGibiHuzurYok]

wouldn't that be possible particles behave the way they do in their quantum world but universe works and behaves by e=mc2 in large scale, can't they exist both?

[feelzthelove]

This quantum mechanics is an invention of the mind. We humans cannot wrap our puny minds around something so weird. After all this universe has created some crazy things including us humans.

[jamesstone123]

its true.

the double slit experiment is my favourite example - it goes against everything we think of at a macro level

quantum level physics bears very little relation to how our life sized world functions

for instance, particles themselves are not subject to the same forces we are subjected to

[terrylharris]

How is it possible to say that it's an invention of the mind, simultaneously saying that you can't wrap your mind around it. I left the question mark out. It's a statement. I'm inclined to say you'll never know; my hope, however, is that you do.

[feelzthelove]

I said "We humans". It was more of a generalized depiction of the human race. Not all of us can even come close to understanding something so strange. And quantum mechanics is weird. I had a dream about it a few weeks ago. I wrote down as much as I could on the subject before I lost it. Something is going on about which I can't imagine fully. So my puny mind was having a difficult time trying to understand it. I invented ideas on quantum mechanics and I am sure others have too.

[axual]

Quantum mechanics is real ... as proven to astounding accuracy by experiment. It really is how things work at the microscopic level. The fact we can't quite get our minds around it is because our everyday experience is not done at the quantum level.

[lochlan74]

Quantum mechanics and particle theory does not make sense. It seems to be more to send science down the wrong path. Wave energy, at specific frequencies in the aether, could be vibrating the electrons to higher energy levels, allowing the electrons in the nail more room to move away from the electrons in the gold leaf.

[Richy15251]

quantum mechanics isn't wrong, Einstein and Shrodinger spent years trying to disprove quantum mechanics to no avail. There's something wrong with it, or general relativity seeing as they're mutually incompatible

[clemzzz]

they don't make sense...yes they do ! they have been tested time and time again... all that's missing is ( how is mass created ) (higgs?) and what is going on with gravity.. 2 great big and difficult questions..but they will be solved soon. it may be enough to unify the forces..otherwise the string theory guys need to get their theory worked out..or we need a machine that can test string theory(??)

[boomerskr3w]

of course it makes sense..The ancients knew it..and albert einstein is the father of it in our time at least=)

Happiness to you

Namaste

[coldheartedsquirrel]

I don´t think physicists are working on "the answer". Natural science is looking for questions, building models which should be logically correct and provable. But each scientist knows that you can never verify a theory, it about not beeing falsified;)

[sinwow33]

I studied physics for 5 years and the one thing that you know is that you realise how much you do not know. Basically the way we think of the physical world is not necessarily correct it is just our way of looking at things. Many things are very abstract and hard to comprehend. What physics is good at is making ood predictions and that is why it is usful but it by no means says that this is the way things are.

[Shavarnarak]

I wonder what future physics will say about modern physics in a thousand years, assuming continuing scientific progress. (Since I'm... skeptic about the viability of human civilization over the long term if there aren't major changes. (Especially in regards to overpopulation.)

But lets be optimistic... I wonder... are we close to the answer, or are we kind of like Newton, creating systems that are useful, but quite... rough compared to what will be known in the future?

[Murleccone]

maybe quantum physics will reach its limits in the future, but not now.

Maybe there will be something other, who knows.

Theories are just theories, the human can't know the Truth.

[CyrusKrill]

I assure you science will even make humans contact god, If he exists, everything is nature, even god and nature is science.

[stabernz]

@Shavarnarak Indeed. Mathematics on the whole is a human construct to describe ideas or observed phenomenon.  Mathematics can describe and predict observable phenomenon to incredible accuracy - but there's always a hint of uncertainty or inaccuracy left over. Are we just finding "best fit" equations for a system that runs closely to, but not necessarily limited to mathematical restriction? We say quantum physics removes the "clockwork" aspect of nature, but we're still trying to write it down.

[smarthandsomeguy]

@Shavarnarak >"quite... rough"

We know so little. Eg about emergence or what's beyond the first 10^-43 seconds, heck we don't even know if the volume of the universe is infinite.

But I think the bigger question is: how far can we go with our evolved brains? I guess we will hit the limitations of the brain WAY before we come close to a complete understanding.

Maybe we can build smart machines to pick it up from there - which could make science documentaries for us, but without the heavy math. ;-)

[sinwow33]

As was mentioned earlier photons have momentum and it is this momentum that gives them the force and therefore the pressure.

You can use these equations:

1. acceleration = (v-u)/t

2. force= m[(v-u)/t]

3. change in momentum = mv-mu

This will give: force=change in momentum /time

we can use de broigle's equation now to calculate the change in momentum and thus calculate the force.

[whatvideowhere]

its not the color its the amount of energy in each wavelength which determenies othe color whichis just a perception red is low violet is higher bordering on ultraviolet which haseven higher energy - a higher frequency in the wave modulation

[spike0804]

no...its the length of the wavelength...not the energy

[Shalek]

I don't understand what's is/was impossible to understand about that could anyone explain.

[judybug7779]

he didnt try to understand color = wavelength => energy in wave

[Shalek]

What do you mean he didnt try to understand color?

[judybug7779]

He was just like thats impos. to understand.

[Shalek]

Ohh heh. Thanks.

[catalatregua]

"and the energy of each photon depends only in the colour"

I had understand everything in this program until that phrase

Anyone?

[87vortex87]

yes, i'll try to explain.

Take the spectrum of light and you will see blue at the far left side and red on the far right.

Next to blue, ultra violet exists but we can't see it. Next to red is infra red. Infra red is heat so the heat comming of a radiator is light which we can't see.

Now your question: Each colour has a certain energy in it. Light consists of photons, small packages. Those photons carry different amounts of energy. Depending on the energy it has a certain colour.

[catalatregua]

thanks a lot!! it was very clear

[judybug7779]

does each photon carry diff. amt. of energy? If photons moves at speed c and has mass m then by E=mc^2 each photon should have the same energy. I think it is more acurate to say that the specific energy of each wavelength is diff. no?

[87vortex87]

according to E=MC^2 you are right but, photons do not carry any mass. so this equation does not account for photons only for particals with mass.

[judybug7779]

first let: F=force,A=area,P=pressure,m=ma­ss,anda=acceleration. If photons have no mass then why does light cause a measureable pressure P=FA & F=ma => photons have a mass since they cause a pressure. Hence photons are particles with mass no? Also see strek 0655 comment starting with (Yes it does...)

[87vortex87]

no, photons do not have mass. Photons are light. nothing travels faster then the speed of light. if photons have mass, it would take all the energy in the universe to get it up to the speed of light. why do particals in the LHC get more heavy and do not increase speed when more energy is put in the particals when they travel at 99.9999% of the speed of light?

It is true photons cause a measureable pressure (look at solarfiols (experimental space-engine)) and action is reaction.

[87vortex87]

i don't know what's causing that pressure. maybe photons cause the atom to release a higgs partical in the opposite direction. that would take account for the action/reaction principle.

But that would mean everything with mass would slowly get light when taking in photons. That would mean the earth is slowly getting lighter and lighter. the effects are minimal and everything consists of billion of atoms so it's not unthinkable.

[judybug7779]

How do you know what particles do at LHC it's offline untile atleast april and then they will only be doing what amounts to dry runs for a couple of months after that. Could you explain what a higgs particle is,are you refering to a higgs boson.

[spike0804]

the higgs boson is what is theorized to give things mass....it explains one particle has mass while another doesn't

[judybug7779]

also you can use the kinetic energy to caculate E=mc^2. 1/2mv^2 + 1/2mv^2=mv^2 which for a photon v=c =>E =mc^2

[spike0804]

thats not....quite right....why would you be adding kinetic energy twice.....i don't think that's every been done before for one particle

[WetPa1nt]

I'd just like to point out that photons have no REST mass...

Also, de Broglie came up with the relation:

p=h/l

p=momentum

h=planck's constant

l=wavelength

And since photons have a wavelength, they have momentum which is inversely proportional to its wavelength.

So despite them not having REST mass, they will excert a force on things.

Read more about de Broglie.

[buhisukeyu]

actually all that is very simple: a photon has no mass in rest, that's why you can't slow light down. But it has an energy, which is not being discribed with mv^2*1/2 - it's described by Max Planck E=hf, where f is the frequency

now you equal it out: m=hf/c^2 THAT's the photons mass.

the main thing about de-broglie is that matter can be assigned a wave.

The pressure of photons depends on their momentum - you can think of it like classic idea of a collision

[buhisukeyu]

the pressure of photons or rather of electromagnetic waves have already been prediceted by - you're guessing right - James Clerk Maxwell.

Even Bartoli, a thermodynamics-man predicted it.

Because if light didn't cause pressure it would ignore the second law of thermodynamics, because it would transport heat from a colder to a warmer spot by reflections on mirrors in motion because of the doppler-effect

so you see, you don not necassarily need quantum mechanics to understand it

[nefty420]

Haven't experiments shown that all the "particles" are actually standing waves?

[dibbuck]

nah - the whole wave thing is a load of bollocks

[glazinq]

Does a photon have mass like other particles?

[elFarto2]

No, it has no mass.

[strek0655]

Yes it does. E=mc squared states that everything with energy has mass. so since light can do work (Photoelectric effect) it has to have mass. Each second the earth is struck by 2 kg sunlight.

[Dutchdrummer99]

Does anyone know what he means by; "depends on the color"? Does he mean the wavelength of each photon (electromagnetic spectrum)? SO; the shorter or longer the wavelength will cause a different influence on the gold leaf?

[and1uprise]

yes. the energy of a single photon is influenced by it's wavelength. the shorter the wavelength, the more energy it contains. it must have a certain energy to knock the electrons off the plate. too weak and the electron will not be knocked off. as the wavelength increases, the speed at which the electron is released will increase. an increase in the number of photons being shot at the foil will increase the total intensity of the light, but only increase the number of electons released.

[Dutchdrummer99]

...but i don`t understand why there are so many light waves (long and short wavelength) on the spectrum? e.g; Our Sun produces gamma rays and x-rays and visible light at the same time? IF so; why don`t the gamma and x-rays penetrate the earth? (photons are not effected by electromagnetism) so the earths Magnetosphere shouldn`t be able to stop gamma and x-rays? (thanks)

[and1uprise]

our atmosphere does absorb some electromagnetic radiation(light). so most gamma rays or x-rays will be absorbed, as they are less common and only emitted by fusion in the suns core. there are different wavelengths because every photon has a certain amount of energy. E = hc/wavelength, where h is planck's constant and c is the speed of light. since the top two variables are constants, the wavelength and energy of a photon are directly related, which is why there are different wavelengths.

[Dutchdrummer99]

so how is it possible that at night we can`t see the light from the sun that passes our earth (we see a dark universe) but when we stand behind a light source like a laser beam we can see the beam; but the photons are still moving away right? So we should not see the light that moves away from us? (but ofcourse we do see it on earth). So why are that 2 different situations...e.g. like seeing the redshift; hubble`s law to study space expansion (sorry for the questions!)

[and1uprise]

no problem, it get's me thinking. we only see photons that are directly aimed into and reflected into our eyes. which is why we see the moon at night, because the light from the sun is reflected off the moon towards earth; but we don't see photons that go around the earth because they never register into our eyes. with a laser beam, the photons are reflected off objects and eventually travel to our eye. the more photons released, the brighter it appears, because more reach our eye.

[and1uprise]

think about having a friend mess around with you with a laser keychain or laser pointer. it's normally not very bright, but if they catch you by surprise and shine it right in your eye it's blindly bright.

[Dutchdrummer99]

(Thank you)..so is this the same for hubble`s redshift; light bounces of object in space only to return back on earth for us to measure the expansion of the universe? And on the issue of fusion;i know that stars fuse hydrogen into mostly helium but the isotope helium 4 is most common on earth (2protons 2neutrons)so do stars mostly form helium 4 or do they produce mostly helium 2(2 protons zero neutrons)? And how can helium in a plasma state remain ionized (loose atomic core) in a cold universe?

[markdude02]

btw its "colour", and the different colour will send different frequencies and therefore different wavelengths of photons of light to the cathode. therefore the colour dictates the changing amount of electrons that are liberated from the cathode.

[facelesspunk]

gotta love Quantum Physics... i mean the double slit experiment blows my mind every time I think about it.

[RJL738]

Very interesting and brillaint.

[yahoopig]

Isn't it about time people stopped talking about the collider and just switched the fucking thing on?

[ler0np0]

don't shit post incomplete videos. you idiot!