Yes, stars, solar systems, galaxies - are born and die, also as well as people.
The law of analogy - everywhere. But secrets of cosmogonia were stated clearly only by one terrestrial woman - Blavatskaya.
Travel to other planet is real, if to know enter into consciousness of other planet (not our Earth), but to do it skilfully and correctly interpretate the seen events - can only spiritually pure, very formed people (with the developed intellect and erudition).
to travell to the nearest star (4 light years away) with the speed of a modern space shuttle rocket you would need more than 5 billion years.......!!!
So if you came back, or at least your descendents ^^ our sun would have been exploded long time ago !!!
Our brains cannot describe in words how it was always there but have a small thought of it. I am not clear of much more at the moment, there i need more time to think.
You guys realize everything revolves around a circle...when the universe had nothing is had something..nothing is actually something. That something was nothing and many more elements...the elements didn't end and neither did anything else. Cause if it did end then earth has opinions....if earth has opinions then science doesn't exist and so does god...laws of the universe are present because of everything that's happening with the circle. The universe was never started...it was always there.
Tbh, this is sudo science. We have no proof for any of this. We see little lights, we've been studying for 70 years or so and we think we know it all. Bullshit man, bullshit.
That said, we have learned alot by studying these kind of things in different stages of there transformations by looking at different solar systems. Thus we can get a pretty good idea on how things work.
ha ha, i feel you.. .even eintien had major flaws to his theory of relativity. the universe is so big, we will be destroyed before a concrete solid answer is given, which is IMPOSSIBLE. nice to imagine and make shit up though, if it gets you payed to tell your stories of magic... in a universtiy.
ok ther is alot of relegious stuff going on on all of these astronamy videos but the truth is nobody really knows any religioun could be true and thats why athiests shuld preach at them about "fake jugment day" or anything because for all anybody knows its all true personaly im an athiest but thats just my choice.
we're all on this planet together and we may never find proof of anything before the human race becomes extingt so lets live and let live and take in other peoples ideas too.
I wonder if this goes anyway to explain the heavier elements found on our planet. As the sun burns out each time heavier elements would be become more common?
some islam pepole are not same like some islam pepole we all dont no what vill hapen when ve die cristians dont no islam dont no jevish dont no buda dont no what we fucking no we no just from book ve are all pepoles from same planet ve search somthin we dont no hell is here on earth fucking earth this is hell for some pepole for some not -- sry bad english ( f hell) disturbed rock
i saw ppl talking abt islam and hell or heaven .... i think ppl shouldn't preach each other ...if u can preach ur self..!!! since life came in to life ..since that day we r searching where it come from..?..!! no one knows the truth...!! so.. we should search the truth,peace nd love..!! in fight we not gona find any thing ..so ..dont waste ur time nd someones ...!!!
Atom hasn't center in which energy would be denser as that outside to the area . In the atoms' cores are protons / neutrons in which have quarks and so on. In the sun's middle as being between the atoms cores, as being energy is less denser as atoms quarks which is on Sun's surface energy is. Macrocosm hasn't center in which energy would be denser as that outside to the area . It too energyconcentration which radiates energy waves which have galaxies personality...
This comment has received too many negative votesshow
think about this life may be it is time you embraced islam before it is too late, coz only believing in islam can save you from the hell of fire that day...May God show you the light of survival (Islam)
Islam? U mean that fascist religion that kills infidels if can't convert, oppress women and the prophet is a pedophile? No, thanks...I am perfectly OK being a skeptic.
The human body is about 70% water that means that when we die, more than half of our body's components survive, that means that life after death exist, according to this 70% water fact, thats how that is posible, so, next time when you drink a cup of water just remenber that one day you'll be just like water mixed with millions of bacterias, minerals and other stuff, so don't be afraid of death, part of you is going to survive as water.
How was the universe created? is there anybody else other than us? Does god exist? If god does exist, who created god? What happens when we die? Why did we exist in the first place? How did we get so smart that we can do things on our own? There is gotta b some1 that created us but who? THESE ARE QUESTIONS WE CAN'T ANSWER(at least not yet)
in the future humanity will develope a supercomputer that is so powerful it will have the power to do the mathemics of creating a simulated universe exactly like ours,it will be the ultimate simlife,God is the program that moniters us,we have created our selfs without our knowing,it is an eternal cycle of paradox as the universe dies it will be reborn
What if all the material was blown away and the star is actually creating the matter to make the ring? Matter is created 90° of the stars magnetic fields equator. You can see it happening here. M=E/C²
it would be nice to live forever in a heaven or something but i cant see it happening.just like you didn't exist a year before your birth you wont exist a year after your death. all i know is that when my time comes im gonna be praying to someone as a last resort anyway lol
yes there is rebirth of stars after a supernova but as this continues it creates smaller stars until eventually there is not even mass to recreate anymore,ultimately in the future there simply wont be anymore stars and the universe will fizzle out and die along with all life,this sucks and i think we should all nuke ourselfs and get it over with asap
We know it is 14 bion years because that is how far the Hubble space telescope can see to date about 14 bilion light years, not 1 million light years. It took 14 billion years for those most distant galaxies, quasars to reach us.
The beauty of the Universe has no limit!!! The entire Universe is indefinitely expanding. Until when and where? Do imagine the universe acting like a yoyo... and returning at its primitive state...
"I am the Alpha and the Omega"
There is a Alpha. Same for the Omega...
Where are we between those 2 points, what are we doing and what we are?
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Blessed is He in Whose hand is the Sovereignty, and, He is Able to do all things. (1) Who hath created life and death that He may try you which of you is best in conduct; and He is the Mighty, the Forgiving, (2) Who hath created seven heavens in harmony.
uhm... return to school... it's MASS, the sun's density is 1.4 g/cm3 and Earth's is 5.519 g/cm3... If density were the crucial factor, planets would indeed orbit the Earth just as the ancient scholars thought... so, read before posting...
The sun may grow in volume but if it its mass doesn't increase or decrease, I don't think the Earth will be thrown off the orbit. The only thing gravity cares about is mass.
yeah... and the confort zone will be farther than we are now... so don't expect much life on earth when there is no more liquid water and the average temperature is 50°C...
Yeah, it doesn't take much to erradicate life. We might do it rather soon ourselves anyway. Or a supernova in our galaxy would make so much light that it would be day all the time and life would go away.
Actually, we most likely won't be consumed by the Sun when it transforms into a Red Giant, of course everything will burn up and the atmosphere whisked away and we will be like Venus. The growing size of the Sun will throw off our orbit and our orbit will grow much larger and we will most likely become the new Mercury or Venus, 1st or 2nd closest to the Sun.
What Obelisk said could happen, because its a popular theory, but even before our planet is engulfed, everything would already die because of extreme heat conditions. I love astronomy
No, the sun will not become a black hole. A star like our sun will live for about 10 billion years and then puff up [not explode]and engulf the nearest planets, in our case the Earth will be one of them.
A star twice the mass of the sun will go supernova and become a neutron star.
A star 3 or more times the mass of the sun will become a black hole.
very nice. i tought that when sun dies, it will take everythink inside the sun and dissapear and make black hole. ( take all energy and put in somewhere else, but i dont know where, maybe it will be blown out of exhaust trhu mashine that makes the mind going ) never know..
i dont think there is explosion that makes wave and come in 8 min. maybe im wrong, tell me what you think
erm well david there are many factors that come into play when talking about stars going black holes.. i read taht some go black holes, some go nertron stars, some go supanova and stff like that soo yeah...
are yoy replying to me? i cant find what post i left. i think it was about if sun exploding for any strange reason, gravity will take effect after 8 minutes also exposion will appear on earth after minutes but what i tought is that sun will start vacuuming from the closet. but than that, can we call explosion?
i dnt understand ppl using abuse at videos like this,why??? has this offended u sumhow AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA U FUCKIN MOTHER FUCKER FUCK U PUSSY OLE
I remember when Richard game that book "Life and Death of a Star" To Dr. Green over at the University. The High quality depth in this paticular video has some signifigance to the book, and plays a major role in the outgoing of when Richard jumped to that level. An Astronomer asked him so, and yes.
@duck1987:Like you knew this. I say thank you for the informative video. I havent been keepimg up with astronomy and most of what i've read is old carl sagan books.
Carl Sagan re-published a rather technical book with a russian writer (i cant remember his name). A philsipher? Yes. But he is a great scientist as well; I think that gets over-shadowed.
i need to find the book. Its "Intelligent Life in the Universe"? He gave the book for the russian to add to it, and it doubled in size, lol. I checked his name on wikipedia: Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (like i could remember that). Awesome book. Goes pretty in-depth. Its usually described as college-level material. Buut Sagan does have a way from keeping it from getting dull. Other than that I've read A Brief History of Time (is that it?).
Yes, stars, solar systems, galaxies - are born and die, also as well as people.
The law of analogy - everywhere. But secrets of cosmogonia were stated clearly only by one terrestrial woman - Blavatskaya.
Travel to other planet is real, if to know enter into consciousness of other planet (not our Earth), but to do it skilfully and correctly interpretate the seen events - can only spiritually pure, very formed people (with the developed intellect and erudition).
10axyz 1 year ago
@10axyz Who are you , I would like to learn your way similar to mind
MushroomBlueGoddess 9 months ago
to travell to the nearest star (4 light years away) with the speed of a modern space shuttle rocket you would need more than 5 billion years.......!!!
So if you came back, or at least your descendents ^^ our sun would have been exploded long time ago !!!
PhilHenrix 1 year ago
Our brains cannot describe in words how it was always there but have a small thought of it. I am not clear of much more at the moment, there i need more time to think.
ryanmock72 2 years ago
You guys realize everything revolves around a circle...when the universe had nothing is had something..nothing is actually something. That something was nothing and many more elements...the elements didn't end and neither did anything else. Cause if it did end then earth has opinions....if earth has opinions then science doesn't exist and so does god...laws of the universe are present because of everything that's happening with the circle. The universe was never started...it was always there.
ryanmock72 2 years ago
This has been flagged as spam show
nice video....
5******
sixo36 2 years ago
hmm, how close is this place?
Sarecaman548 2 years ago
@Sarecaman548 about two days' drive
chris3443 2 years ago
Two day's drive? It's less than a light-year away?
Sarecaman548 1 year ago
i just want to know what music is playing in the background during all of this
SaphyraRavyn 2 years ago
Tbh, this is sudo science. We have no proof for any of this. We see little lights, we've been studying for 70 years or so and we think we know it all. Bullshit man, bullshit.
L33CH3RS 2 years ago
We've been studying the cosmos since man first started recording history, you dolt.
dixieboy 2 years ago
All we have concluded from these observations, in the long past is movement/orbit, you douche.
L33CH3RS 2 years ago
No, it's not. Excellent job displaying your complete lack of any reasonable amount of intelligence though.
dixieboy 2 years ago
Yes, you are correct....
That said, we have learned alot by studying these kind of things in different stages of there transformations by looking at different solar systems. Thus we can get a pretty good idea on how things work.
YYZTheOneYYZ 2 years ago
You mean pseudo science don't you?
fhofho00 2 years ago
ha ha, i feel you.. .even eintien had major flaws to his theory of relativity. the universe is so big, we will be destroyed before a concrete solid answer is given, which is IMPOSSIBLE. nice to imagine and make shit up though, if it gets you payed to tell your stories of magic... in a universtiy.
12GaugeLosAngeles 2 years ago
What?
L33CH3RS 2 years ago
ok ther is alot of relegious stuff going on on all of these astronamy videos but the truth is nobody really knows any religioun could be true and thats why athiests shuld preach at them about "fake jugment day" or anything because for all anybody knows its all true personaly im an athiest but thats just my choice.
we're all on this planet together and we may never find proof of anything before the human race becomes extingt so lets live and let live and take in other peoples ideas too.
maxwelltripp 2 years ago
I wonder if this goes anyway to explain the heavier elements found on our planet. As the sun burns out each time heavier elements would be become more common?
samten54 2 years ago
some islam pepole are not same like some islam pepole we all dont no what vill hapen when ve die cristians dont no islam dont no jevish dont no buda dont no what we fucking no we no just from book ve are all pepoles from same planet ve search somthin we dont no hell is here on earth fucking earth this is hell for some pepole for some not -- sry bad english ( f hell) disturbed rock
E91N 2 years ago
i saw ppl talking abt islam and hell or heaven .... i think ppl shouldn't preach each other ...if u can preach ur self..!!! since life came in to life ..since that day we r searching where it come from..?..!! no one knows the truth...!! so.. we should search the truth,peace nd love..!! in fight we not gona find any thing ..so ..dont waste ur time nd someones ...!!!
chamkila2 3 years ago 4
Some religions thrive on the worse parts of man.
XxXxINSIGHTxXxX 2 years ago
so this man is the oldest man alive
jingram27 3 years ago
This has been flagged as spam show
Atom hasn't center in which energy would be denser as that outside to the area . In the atoms' cores are protons / neutrons in which have quarks and so on. In the sun's middle as being between the atoms cores, as being energy is less denser as atoms quarks which is on Sun's surface energy is. Macrocosm hasn't center in which energy would be denser as that outside to the area . It too energyconcentration which radiates energy waves which have galaxies personality...
Etimespace 3 years ago
but whats said on 2:03 i think is the most interesting :)
orangeblueandlavenda 3 years ago
it's like an engine :)
orangeblueandlavenda 3 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
think about this life may be it is time you embraced islam before it is too late, coz only believing in islam can save you from the hell of fire that day...May God show you the light of survival (Islam)
Dissle2007 3 years ago
Islam? U mean that fascist religion that kills infidels if can't convert, oppress women and the prophet is a pedophile? No, thanks...I am perfectly OK being a skeptic.
statickk14 3 years ago 2
it is a bad comment,,,who washed you brain'''''??? that only who belives to Islam going to heaven????Islam save you from Hell..??OHH BOY
isabella01964 3 years ago 11
i think martyboy a pile of shit =]
Draz64321 3 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
what a pile of shit
martyboy316 3 years ago
The human body is about 70% water that means that when we die, more than half of our body's components survive, that means that life after death exist, according to this 70% water fact, thats how that is posible, so, next time when you drink a cup of water just remenber that one day you'll be just like water mixed with millions of bacterias, minerals and other stuff, so don't be afraid of death, part of you is going to survive as water.
oscarin124 3 years ago 3
How was the universe created? is there anybody else other than us? Does god exist? If god does exist, who created god? What happens when we die? Why did we exist in the first place? How did we get so smart that we can do things on our own? There is gotta b some1 that created us but who? THESE ARE QUESTIONS WE CAN'T ANSWER(at least not yet)
bati555 4 years ago
well, if there are alien life on mars, then that will prove god does not exist because it 's part of evolution
davybjohnson1990 4 years ago
Where in Evolution does it says God does not exist?
peachey1 4 years ago
There are Youtubers saying that evolution is not real but, they got no proof or evidence to back their views
davybjohnson1990 4 years ago 6
They will likely just say that god made other beings that we have the right to enslave, like all the other species on earth.
Jakemmx 4 years ago 2
in the future humanity will develope a supercomputer that is so powerful it will have the power to do the mathemics of creating a simulated universe exactly like ours,it will be the ultimate simlife,God is the program that moniters us,we have created our selfs without our knowing,it is an eternal cycle of paradox as the universe dies it will be reborn
k1971C 4 years ago
Fnord
mhobot 3 years ago
? speak english you german undermenshen
k1971C 3 years ago
What if all the material was blown away and the star is actually creating the matter to make the ring? Matter is created 90° of the stars magnetic fields equator. You can see it happening here. M=E/C²
bignewgame 4 years ago
it would be nice to live forever in a heaven or something but i cant see it happening.just like you didn't exist a year before your birth you wont exist a year after your death. all i know is that when my time comes im gonna be praying to someone as a last resort anyway lol
craaabppl 4 years ago
yes there is rebirth of stars after a supernova but as this continues it creates smaller stars until eventually there is not even mass to recreate anymore,ultimately in the future there simply wont be anymore stars and the universe will fizzle out and die along with all life,this sucks and i think we should all nuke ourselfs and get it over with asap
k1971C 4 years ago
Maybe that is why we have yet to find any signifacant edvidence for advanced life they all have come to this conculsion and wiped themselves out
ziasyn 4 years ago
What?
Jakemmx 4 years ago
if everything is made out of something earth>milkyway>supernova>universe>?>?>?>nothingness?
GoodFellah69 4 years ago
goodfella is a bastard
lilaimz69 4 years ago
goodfellah69 is a wanker
lovelyamz86 4 years ago
This stuff is interesting enough not to have that annoying music loop on in the background.
AKALucifer 4 years ago
this movie is turning me on
funnyfucker666 4 years ago
between 12 and 14 billion years old? haha how a little human could ever find out how old the entire universe is. All he can do is watch it
dideldidudadada 4 years ago
I've recently heard that scientist found a star that was 18 billion years old.
Jimraynor45 4 years ago
Though we may be part of an even larger universe, the observable universe is only thought to be about 13.7 billion years old.
Jakemmx 4 years ago 2
My god evevn though I do not follow hon woll fogive u for anything 1m0000 times again and again
dvohland33 4 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
the universe is 1 million years old
sulkyn 4 years ago
No. The Universe is estimated to be between 12 billion to 14 billion years old.
tamias6 4 years ago
Where did you get that bogus nuber from, from what i have researched it is about 14 billion years old, excluding religeous garbage sources of course.
konachai1 4 years ago
We know it is 14 bion years because that is how far the Hubble space telescope can see to date about 14 bilion light years, not 1 million light years. It took 14 billion years for those most distant galaxies, quasars to reach us.
konachai1 4 years ago
How deep in your ass did you have to reach to pull out that statistic?
Jakemmx 4 years ago
Very nice. Well Done.
Yakeyglee 4 years ago
The beauty of the Universe has no limit!!! The entire Universe is indefinitely expanding. Until when and where? Do imagine the universe acting like a yoyo... and returning at its primitive state...
"I am the Alpha and the Omega"
There is a Alpha. Same for the Omega...
Where are we between those 2 points, what are we doing and what we are?
Jive51 4 years ago 2
fukin hell wat language is that??? cant understand a single words of wat he says lol
giovanirosso 4 years ago
Maybe it is time for you to start learning english then :)
Metatronicus 4 years ago 3
Some verses of Quran Holy Book of muslims.
In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Blessed is He in Whose hand is the Sovereignty, and, He is Able to do all things. (1) Who hath created life and death that He may try you which of you is best in conduct; and He is the Mighty, the Forgiving, (2) Who hath created seven heavens in harmony.
Astrophysicsdmu 4 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
I am sorry but this is not my God, this is an alien.
Metatronicus 4 years ago
transition is part of the life of universe, as it is about all its other creatures. We are part of it.
kotsekoti 4 years ago
try astral travelling, get a real understanding
seattleshaman 4 years ago
do *you* have better understanding? if so, please enlighten the rest of us, mortals...
Medigato 4 years ago
i sure do
seattleshaman 4 years ago
You are a mortal yourself; dumbass.
dwsmith 4 years ago
how do u kno .. legends and stuff u kno youtube might be the one place to find a immortal.
SpillbloodTV 4 years ago
i really want to experience the death of universe it will be 10 (300+ zeros)yrs bleh
xwulfd 4 years ago
its more interesting to talk about ghosts lol
Duckzilla123 4 years ago
Actually, no gravity also depends on density.
Obelisk155 4 years ago
uhm... return to school... it's MASS, the sun's density is 1.4 g/cm3 and Earth's is 5.519 g/cm3... If density were the crucial factor, planets would indeed orbit the Earth just as the ancient scholars thought... so, read before posting...
Medigato 4 years ago
The sun may grow in volume but if it its mass doesn't increase or decrease, I don't think the Earth will be thrown off the orbit. The only thing gravity cares about is mass.
PermanentDaylight 4 years ago
It will be "winds" around it I guess, that will brake down the earths speed and suck it in?
Kenzofeis 4 years ago
yeah... and the confort zone will be farther than we are now... so don't expect much life on earth when there is no more liquid water and the average temperature is 50°C...
Medigato 4 years ago
Yeah, it doesn't take much to erradicate life. We might do it rather soon ourselves anyway. Or a supernova in our galaxy would make so much light that it would be day all the time and life would go away.
PermanentDaylight 4 years ago
Not if it were on the other side of the galaxy.
Gruntaloob 4 years ago
Actually, we most likely won't be consumed by the Sun when it transforms into a Red Giant, of course everything will burn up and the atmosphere whisked away and we will be like Venus. The growing size of the Sun will throw off our orbit and our orbit will grow much larger and we will most likely become the new Mercury or Venus, 1st or 2nd closest to the Sun.
SnrMatador 4 years ago
some one must have been there to programme all this! how does a planet know to flow in an orbit?
KU106 4 years ago
Not all stars create blackholes David,(If Im sounding blunt, Im not trying to be rude, so sorry)
Rko180 4 years ago
What Obelisk said could happen, because its a popular theory, but even before our planet is engulfed, everything would already die because of extreme heat conditions. I love astronomy
Rko180 4 years ago
No, the sun will not become a black hole. A star like our sun will live for about 10 billion years and then puff up [not explode]and engulf the nearest planets, in our case the Earth will be one of them.
A star twice the mass of the sun will go supernova and become a neutron star.
A star 3 or more times the mass of the sun will become a black hole.
Obelisk155 5 years ago
very nice. i tought that when sun dies, it will take everythink inside the sun and dissapear and make black hole. ( take all energy and put in somewhere else, but i dont know where, maybe it will be blown out of exhaust trhu mashine that makes the mind going ) never know..
i dont think there is explosion that makes wave and come in 8 min. maybe im wrong, tell me what you think
david34114 5 years ago
erm well david there are many factors that come into play when talking about stars going black holes.. i read taht some go black holes, some go nertron stars, some go supanova and stff like that soo yeah...
moonshiry 4 years ago
are yoy replying to me? i cant find what post i left. i think it was about if sun exploding for any strange reason, gravity will take effect after 8 minutes also exposion will appear on earth after minutes but what i tought is that sun will start vacuuming from the closet. but than that, can we call explosion?
david34114 4 years ago
you all don't know $hit when you place comments to stuff like this...
releaf2801 5 years ago
nobody knows, i think... and you?
david34114 4 years ago
A bunch of crap. All special effects...
richterrana 5 years ago
Where is Vin Diesel in all of this
Kenzofeis 4 years ago
i dnt understand ppl using abuse at videos like this,why??? has this offended u sumhow AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA U FUCKIN MOTHER FUCKER FUCK U PUSSY OLE
Riponripon 5 years ago
Dr. Hurt; please have a look at and moderate your
commentary once in a while. Ignorance is rampant here
on occasion, plus in some cases, I am being mistaken
for you! Happy New year and good luck with the Hidden
Universe Series!
Dreamsender 5 years ago
I am so happy to see videos like this one
ThankYouESM 5 years ago
pictures r awesome, incredible, amazing, brilliant!
WeeCrazyMe 5 years ago
Thanks for posting!
patman2112 5 years ago
I remember when Richard game that book "Life and Death of a Star" To Dr. Green over at the University. The High quality depth in this paticular video has some signifigance to the book, and plays a major role in the outgoing of when Richard jumped to that level. An Astronomer asked him so, and yes.
Duffman1231 5 years ago
V. cool video. Also notice the cool light distortion near the extremely massive&dense pulsar
Jacnas 5 years ago
no sh*t
Duck1987 5 years ago
@duck1987:Like you knew this. I say thank you for the informative video. I havent been keepimg up with astronomy and most of what i've read is old carl sagan books.
SweetZombiJesus 5 years ago
for ur info i knew most of this, i have read two big astronomy books, i was just making a joke. Carl Sagan is more of a philosopher
Duck1987 5 years ago
Carl Sagan re-published a rather technical book with a russian writer (i cant remember his name). A philsipher? Yes. But he is a great scientist as well; I think that gets over-shadowed.
SweetZombiJesus 5 years ago
was it Sakharov? a russian astronomer?
Duck1987 5 years ago
i need to find the book. Its "Intelligent Life in the Universe"? He gave the book for the russian to add to it, and it doubled in size, lol. I checked his name on wikipedia: Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (like i could remember that). Awesome book. Goes pretty in-depth. Its usually described as college-level material. Buut Sagan does have a way from keeping it from getting dull. Other than that I've read A Brief History of Time (is that it?).
SweetZombiJesus 5 years ago
You don't know sh!t.
tgf5 5 years ago
You fucking clit
Duck1987 5 years ago