Is it because the nucleus is more compact than the electron cloud, so that each electron feels the full attraction of the nucleus for that distance from that nucleus at anyone time but not the full repulsive forces from the electron cloud at anyone time because of how dynamic it is?
Why does the nuclear charge overcome the electron repulsion when going from left to right across the period so that the radius of the atom decreases rather than staying the same?
I had been reading up on this in the text book but your illustration helped me get the increasing and decreasing trends going horizontally and vertically across the table.
i skip a lot of my classes and i must say the internet is filled with information on anything and i surprise my teachers by getting close to 100% with not even going to school
my goodness -- thanks for saving me from a horrible chemistry book and a horrible chemistry teacher who could not care less if her students understand the topic or not.
@Geyserrock The shielding effect works like a refrigerator magnet works. First, it sticks very well to the fridge, and then you start putting things in between the magnet and the fridge, and the strength between the two decrease. The same works with protons and electrons. If you have more electrons between a certain electron and the protons, the attraction between that single electron and the protons decreased, also making it easier to remove that electron and decreasing ionization energy.
Wait, so if the largest sized atoms are to the left and down then wouldn't the largest atoms be in the bottom left and the smallest atoms in the top right of the per. table so size would go from the top right to the bottom left, not the bottom right to the top left, as you said?
The analogy I like for this is a race car on a track shaped like a lop-sided figure 8. there is a higher probability that the car will be on the bigger loop than the smaller loop... in this case the oxygen atom will be a bigger part of the loop whereas the hydrogen will be the smaller part
Agh , I'm sry I hate correcting ppl that are just trying to help others , but just to let you know .......... Those layers that the electrons float in , aren't called "shells" . Their actually called " energy levels "
I just thought of something while watching this video.
Since helium is really stable and nonreactive to other atoms, does that mean breathing helium has no side effects? (Besides the fact that if I breathe only helium and not oxygen).
you drew a symetrical, straight water molecule at 6:00! I'm sure you know, but, H2O is a bent molecule, highly polar, etc. DO NOT LEAD THE NOVICE CHEMIST ASTRAY!
i had to comment on my appreciation of this video, i have an awful teacher, and these 15 minutes taught me more than a week in her class. thank you very much
my teacher buys powerpoint slide lessons, then just clicks and reads off each powerpoint, and calls that "teaching"..... i feel sorry for my self...........thank god for you Sal...i just hope you make more biology lessons on foods (carbohydrates/lipids proteins etc..)
@hellomyfriend2053 There are 3 p orbitals available for filling in the second period (the one that starts with Lithium). Nitrogen (the one before Oxygen) has 1 electron in each of it's p orbitals. Oxygen has 2 p orbitals with 1 electron and 1 p orbital with 2 electrons in it. Half filled orbitals are better than orbitals that are partially filled. Therefore, it takes a little less energy to remove the one paired electron. Removing that extra electron from oxygen leaves a half filled orbital
9:34, just in case you guys didn't realize, but I do think he made a mistake by saying atom, I think he meant electrons. Correct me if I'm wrong though.
@ro2nie I think he meant atomic size, right? Atomic size increases, from the upper right corner of the periodic table (being the smallest), to the lower left to Cs (being the largest).
Okay, well this is a crazy, inane idea, I just want to know if it could ever be possible. I tend to miss the obvious so someone might have to point it out to me.
You know how the immune system can reject foreign substances, well could it ever be possible for an atom to reject foreign electrons from another atom? and if so, could this be used to stop CO2 from forming?
Okay, well this is a crazy, inane idea, I just want to know if it could ever be possible. I tend to miss the obvious so someone might have to point it out to me.
You know how the immune system can reject foreign substances, well could it ever be possible for an atom to reject foreign electrons from another atom? and if so, could this be used to stop CO2 from forming?
Okay, well this is a crazy, inane idea, I just want to know if it could ever be possible. I tend to miss the obvious so someone might have to point it out to me.
You know how the immune system can reject foreign substances, well could it ever be possible for an atom to reject foreign electrons from another atom? and if so, could this be used to stop CO2 from forming?
Correction: At the end you said "electron size goes from the bottom right to the top left" and drew the arrow up and left. I believe you meant down and left.
WOW! I loved your teaching! I just texted two of your videos on trends to all of my chemistry study pals. We are so grateful! Thanks a gazillion! You fill my outer shell with happiness and knowledge! Gracias! Danke Schonne! Thanks! Merci!
THANKX,, ALOOTT, A DOZEN,, all of my class just can't get this lesson,, our teacher explained it really fast we understood nothing,, but you made it much more easier
thx, i will never forget how you helped me to the rest of my life!!! :D
Electron affinity is the ease at which atoms can accept electrons (depends on how full the subshell is). helpful tool: any trend that starts with or has a word that starts with the letter "E" tends to increase across the periodic table from left to right and bottom to top >^. examples include: ionization "E"nergy, "E"ectron affinity, and "E"lectronegativity.
wow all these positive comments. You know if we all paid as much attention in class as we do to these videos, we wouldn't be watching em. Great vids though!!!
@Stonedbrownguy the main reason why people don't liek paying attention in class is because most school teacher do no know how to teach as well and keep the class interested as well with a strong speech and humor as Sal has. Sal's way of teaching is more appealing to people in my opinion, more teachers need to adopt such teaching skills.
You're awesome! However, a minor pet-peeve: around 9:35 or so you start saying that the group 1A elements want to give away "atoms" when you mean that they want to give away ELECTRONS. Otherwise, I love your videos - one day I might even like chemistry.
13:18 tits on youtube
XxA5AFxX 2 weeks ago in playlist Chemistry
13:19 distance between two tits
bangdude101 2 weeks ago
Is it because the nucleus is more compact than the electron cloud, so that each electron feels the full attraction of the nucleus for that distance from that nucleus at anyone time but not the full repulsive forces from the electron cloud at anyone time because of how dynamic it is?
Or is it something else?
LucianoMyths 2 weeks ago
Why does the nuclear charge overcome the electron repulsion when going from left to right across the period so that the radius of the atom decreases rather than staying the same?
LucianoMyths 2 weeks ago
Comment removed
ifeanyi12345 3 weeks ago
Thanks for making this clear in a simple, fun, animated way :D
xBubbliex3 4 weeks ago
your video help a lot for my test thanks
jonnylopez545 1 month ago
Linus Pauling indeed was the vitamin C guy, and he lived to be 93 years old!!!!
satisfiction 1 month ago
SUPER DUPER HAPPY
boxerek123 1 month ago
'what just happened?' hahahaha
boxerek123 1 month ago
Gosh thank you :) Great review for my chem final! Plus, the interactive transcripts really help with jumping around, going back, and what not :)
KittyMeat3 1 month ago
13:05 boobies
MediumNothinFull 1 month ago in playlist Chemistry 2
@MediumNothinFull It is clearly instructions on motorboating if you mute it.
patrickrancore 3 weeks ago
so meditate on having 8 electrons in my outter most shell?! ..im gonna...
MediumNothinFull 1 month ago in playlist Chemistry
You started to use the words atoms and electrons interchangeably around 9:00 which is incorrect. other than that- awesome vid
whydizz 2 months ago
@whydizz give away electrons, not atoms. Someone needs to put up some notes in the video so ppl won't be confused xD
kokocipher 2 months ago
@whydizz lol he does that
satisfiction 1 month ago
HE DREW TITS/BOOBS
goldensilverstar 2 months ago
Thanks.
I had been reading up on this in the text book but your illustration helped me get the increasing and decreasing trends going horizontally and vertically across the table.
oliverscott2007 2 months ago
I love you. With a passion.
Smo459 2 months ago
i skip a lot of my classes and i must say the internet is filled with information on anything and i surprise my teachers by getting close to 100% with not even going to school
boax02 2 months ago
5:05 is hilarious
mini72396 2 months ago
CHEMISTRY: for retards
kingman4889 3 months ago
I LOVE THIS GUY <3333, btw im a guy. PROBLEM?
samsonite58 3 months ago
my goodness -- thanks for saving me from a horrible chemistry book and a horrible chemistry teacher who could not care less if her students understand the topic or not.
stop08it 3 months ago
So is electronegativity only described with covalent bonds?
miniman001 3 months ago
@teddyakak Glad you noticed too! Thought I was going crazy for a sec xD haha
DeathClock007 3 months ago
My damn teacher says this is easy!
6feetdownedge 4 months ago
@6feetdownedge OMG. SAME!!!!!!!! WTH.
wuzuphomeyg 4 months ago
!!!!! CORRECTION !!!!!
electron size goes from the {{TOP-RIGHT smallest }}
to the {{ BOTTOM-LEFT largest}}
teddyakak 4 months ago 7
@teddyakak atom size?
linenbox 3 months ago
@teddyakak I'm glad you said that. For the first time watching these videos I started to get confused.
MegaLalablahblah 3 months ago
!!!!! CORRECTION !!!!!
electron size goes from the {{TOP-RIGHT }} to the {{ BOTTOM-LEFT }}
teddyakak 4 months ago
This has been flagged as spam show
like it if you like the drawing from 13:06 to 13:08
raybloke545 4 months ago
5 people can't find a covalent bond
seaweedsupper 4 months ago
13:07
coolguy272829 4 months ago
Can you make a video about naming covalent and ionic compounds?
ithbaseball21 4 months ago
This has been flagged as spam show
firstly, this saves so much book scanning time so thank you for that. secondly, you drew boobies at 13:06 hahahaha
sammyg101696 4 months ago
Comment removed
sammyg101696 4 months ago
WOW!!!!! MIT, man!! AWESOME!! I'm Bengali, and very proud of your accomplishments!!!!! Inspiration?! Motivation?! YES!!!
Your on WIKIPEDIA!!! lol.
I WANT TO MEET YOU ONE DAY!!!!! Man, does it feel good to know that one of us can achieve so much!!! THANK YOUUUU!!!!
Iodine24 4 months ago
if i may ask, could you please do a lesson on the shielding effect? :)
Geyserrock 5 months ago
@Geyserrock The shielding effect works like a refrigerator magnet works. First, it sticks very well to the fridge, and then you start putting things in between the magnet and the fridge, and the strength between the two decrease. The same works with protons and electrons. If you have more electrons between a certain electron and the protons, the attraction between that single electron and the protons decreased, also making it easier to remove that electron and decreasing ionization energy.
sammyg101696 4 months ago
really helped with science coursework, thank you.
2k8Twins2k8 5 months ago
Comment removed
shaheerhere 5 months ago
amazing
crazyp24 6 months ago
This has been flagged as spam show
Hey nice videos.Keep up the good work...wish my chemistry teacher could be like you.
Mcoolshi 6 months ago
love it
msms47 6 months ago
Wait, so if the largest sized atoms are to the left and down then wouldn't the largest atoms be in the bottom left and the smallest atoms in the top right of the per. table so size would go from the top right to the bottom left, not the bottom right to the top left, as you said?
limetreess 7 months ago
@limetreess I think he made a mistake. Well spotted (me too!)
Epifrin 7 months ago
Super-Duper-Duper Difficult.
gmgunner 8 months ago 33
Think of group 1 as 40 year old virgins, they REALLY want to give it up!
benja303 8 months ago
i swear u tought me more in this 15 min video that my teacher did in during our entire chem unit
toushiro62 8 months ago 2
I wonder if metals can be turned into gases with enough heat.
purpleleach1 8 months ago
@purpleleach1 Yes, they can. Gold, for example, will vaporize at 2300 C.
Kirk00077 6 months ago
You're make my professor look like a fool!
basskid121 9 months ago
u make the concepts very clear!i dont knw how can someone dislike this video?:I
sonicboom704 9 months ago
The analogy I like for this is a race car on a track shaped like a lop-sided figure 8. there is a higher probability that the car will be on the bigger loop than the smaller loop... in this case the oxygen atom will be a bigger part of the loop whereas the hydrogen will be the smaller part
Petro7 9 months ago
Agh , I'm sry I hate correcting ppl that are just trying to help others , but just to let you know .......... Those layers that the electrons float in , aren't called "shells" . Their actually called " energy levels "
AnimeWolfHunter 9 months ago
wow man. these videos should be the most epic successful videos among chemestry noobs like myself. congrats.
fakirJ 9 months ago 27
Thanks so much..! I needed a bit clearing up and this helped. Donyabud. ;)
AutumnxDay 9 months ago
Confused mess. Not as well done as others.
ThePaullett 9 months ago
@ThePaullett Lol yeah, I had to replay a million times. XD
AutumnxDay 9 months ago
FAN OV UR VIDS I watch them everyday :D
pooppeeyoupants 10 months ago in playlist Chemistry
this is helpin me with my IB chemistry exam lol
DrewDannyKyle 10 months ago
Electronegativity, one atom hogging electrons more...Sal, you've explained this to me better than any chemistry textbook has.
scimath42 10 months ago
nuclei*
ShumbaMuata 10 months ago
In class, I want to get out of the class as soon as possible. When watching you, I can't wait for the next video.
jessneurismfarmer 10 months ago
didnt know youtube is this useful
paulceltics 10 months ago
I just thought of something while watching this video.
Since helium is really stable and nonreactive to other atoms, does that mean breathing helium has no side effects? (Besides the fact that if I breathe only helium and not oxygen).
Krizbo 11 months ago
I REALLY LIKE THIS SOO EDUCATIONAL
shadowkidn1 11 months ago
13:03 BOOBIES
mobabur94 11 months ago
thank you SO much!!!!
livelaughloveice 11 months ago
Watch out. At the end of the video he meant :the radius increase from right to left and from top to bottom.
BoIoko 1 year ago
I'm downloading these and giving them to my friends coz our chemistry teacher sucks :/
feraligatr8 1 year ago
13:09 BOOBIES.....yeah im immature.
007coolio007 1 year ago
@007coolio007
LMAO I thought the same thing xD
TheChiefAtlas 1 year ago
how do i get back to your list of chemistry subjects i dont know how! now i dont know which video goes next!
bsangoz 1 year ago
@bsangoz I just follow a playlist.
I don't know but maybe this helps:
youtube.com/watch?v=XMLd-O6PgVs&feature=autoplay&list=SP166048DD75B05C0D&index=9&playnext=8
MyRealNameIs28 1 year ago
Covalent bonds are the hardest to break.
Luigi84289 1 year ago
you drew a symetrical, straight water molecule at 6:00! I'm sure you know, but, H2O is a bent molecule, highly polar, etc. DO NOT LEAD THE NOVICE CHEMIST ASTRAY!
(LOL)!!! Good per table trend videos, though!
NOCOMPLACENCYCOM 1 year ago
@NOCOMPLACENCYCOM Yup due to Oxygen being 2 shy of 8 in the outer shell and Hydrogen being 1 short in it's outer shell.
Luigi84289 1 year ago
what about electron affinity? & effective nuclear charge? ahhh helpppp :(
by the way your videos are about 23998x more affective than a month's worth of class w/ my teacher.
azumpxo 1 year ago
i had to comment on my appreciation of this video, i have an awful teacher, and these 15 minutes taught me more than a week in her class. thank you very much
absportsman 1 year ago 3
3 people failed in chemistry subject
Pokemonemberiot 1 year ago 2
THANK YOUU!!!! :D
MultiMuffin21 1 year ago
13:07 .... *Chuckle*
WillyBaltaFilms 1 year ago 3
@WillyBaltaFilms "it's just the size of atom" *double chuckle*
mikolchung 1 year ago
super duper happy
pabloishere 1 year ago
i love you
MrJas1991 1 year ago
AAMMAAZZIINNGG... I wish I had chemistry teacher like you when I was growing. So much sense. Excelent talk.
cyberprodigy 1 year ago
@cyberprodigy Mine was good like this guy but we didn't learn it the same way. I didn't realize the shell theory had changed so much in 11 years.
Luigi84289 1 year ago
my teacher buys powerpoint slide lessons, then just clicks and reads off each powerpoint, and calls that "teaching"..... i feel sorry for my self...........thank god for you Sal...i just hope you make more biology lessons on foods (carbohydrates/lipids proteins etc..)
CcanCcaglar 1 year ago 3
@CcanCcaglar Omg my teacher does the SAME EXACT THING!
ranayaz101 4 months ago
Why does oxygen go down in Ionisation Energy? eg. the divets in the graph??
hellomyfriend2053 1 year ago
@hellomyfriend2053 There are 3 p orbitals available for filling in the second period (the one that starts with Lithium). Nitrogen (the one before Oxygen) has 1 electron in each of it's p orbitals. Oxygen has 2 p orbitals with 1 electron and 1 p orbital with 2 electrons in it. Half filled orbitals are better than orbitals that are partially filled. Therefore, it takes a little less energy to remove the one paired electron. Removing that extra electron from oxygen leaves a half filled orbital
jcon16 1 year ago
@jcon16 Thanks
hellomyfriend2053 1 year ago
9:34, just in case you guys didn't realize, but I do think he made a mistake by saying atom, I think he meant electrons. Correct me if I'm wrong though.
cardboardhome 1 year ago
You are the best teacher I've ever come across. Thank you.
dhaccessories 1 year ago
you blow my teacher out of the water.
Linkmaster46 1 year ago 3
shielding is when the electrons try to keep a hold of thier electrons without being attracted by the others in a molecule.....i think......
YoungBelle95 1 year ago
Quick question: What is SHIELDING? My teacher said it's an important term.
skadorkable 1 year ago 2
I am sure you saved many ppl's lifes. Keep making videos!
AW1233333 1 year ago 3
I wish we could clone people. Then all our teachers will be Khan, which = awesome teacher, and good teacher for everyone!
ghos2277 1 year ago
@ghos2277
When you clone people, experiences and knowledge are not cloned.
They are earned.
DpnElement 1 year ago
Nevertheless he is an amazing teacher.
DpnElement 1 year ago
@DpnElement Way to rain on his parade lol
FastKid26 1 year ago
what is my name>
yuckyfart 1 year ago
I like this video a lot, since he choose to finally tell us how a molecule appears. You know the O-->2H.
I've been wanting to know this ever since beginning. Another great job
Mauser91 1 year ago
Correction: 15:04, the electron size resultant should be from top right to bottom left corner.
ro2nie 1 year ago 2
@ro2nie thanks for helping me out lol. i was pretty lost when he said that..
VinzJoker 1 year ago
@ro2nie I think he meant atomic size, right? Atomic size increases, from the upper right corner of the periodic table (being the smallest), to the lower left to Cs (being the largest).
jon1285 1 year ago
@ro2nie you are right!
damuschka 1 year ago
I love your style and approach to YouTube! no nonsense :)
jabberwocky685 1 year ago
I think two people missed the Like button. :\
BingWallaBang 1 year ago 44
@BingWallaBang must have been teachers jealous he can teach better than them.
Mrracer67 1 year ago
Okay, well this is a crazy, inane idea, I just want to know if it could ever be possible. I tend to miss the obvious so someone might have to point it out to me.
You know how the immune system can reject foreign substances, well could it ever be possible for an atom to reject foreign electrons from another atom? and if so, could this be used to stop CO2 from forming?
SuperBecksy 1 year ago
This has been flagged as spam show
Okay, well this is a crazy, inane idea, I just want to know if it could ever be possible. I tend to miss the obvious so someone might have to point it out to me.
You know how the immune system can reject foreign substances, well could it ever be possible for an atom to reject foreign electrons from another atom? and if so, could this be used to stop CO2 from forming?
SuperBecksy 1 year ago
Okay, well this is a crazy, inane idea, I just want to know if it could ever be possible. I tend to miss the obvious so someone might have to point it out to me.
You know how the immune system can reject foreign substances, well could it ever be possible for an atom to reject foreign electrons from another atom? and if so, could this be used to stop CO2 from forming?
SuperBecksy 1 year ago
Thank you.
vaispatu2006 1 year ago
Correction: At the end you said "electron size goes from the bottom right to the top left" and drew the arrow up and left. I believe you meant down and left.
creamphuff 1 year ago 3
@creamphuff True
XpliciTTRecords 1 year ago
WOW! I loved your teaching! I just texted two of your videos on trends to all of my chemistry study pals. We are so grateful! Thanks a gazillion! You fill my outer shell with happiness and knowledge! Gracias! Danke Schonne! Thanks! Merci!
FamilySmith 1 year ago
THANKX,, ALOOTT, A DOZEN,, all of my class just can't get this lesson,, our teacher explained it really fast we understood nothing,, but you made it much more easier
thx, i will never forget how you helped me to the rest of my life!!! :D
red115dragon 1 year ago
Your videos are great for quick review before tests! Thank you so much!
dtn93 1 year ago
YOUR THE BEST we all love you
alldae09 1 year ago
so good! very easy to listen to as well as understand. this was an excellent review before my final. thanks so much!
tictacteaux 2 years ago
Very nice overview, really helped with electronegativity. No electron affinity?
Roh1and 2 years ago 2
Great explanations!
Linus Pauling Trivium: He's the only person ever to hold two unshared Nobel Prizes.
BearofNH 2 years ago
thank you for the helpful videos.They are very comprehensive.I was able to cover a lot of topics to refresh myself for my upcoming exam.
jmea01 2 years ago
I really do love your videos...when I dont understand something in class, I just come on youtube and put on the corresponding video!!! lol
angelbabykari 2 years ago
Electron affinity is the ease at which atoms can accept electrons (depends on how full the subshell is). helpful tool: any trend that starts with or has a word that starts with the letter "E" tends to increase across the periodic table from left to right and bottom to top >^. examples include: ionization "E"nergy, "E"ectron affinity, and "E"lectronegativity.
debeatt 2 years ago
wouldnt metalic nature be the same as electron affinity?
never heard of metallic nature
thebigdille 2 years ago
wow all these positive comments. You know if we all paid as much attention in class as we do to these videos, we wouldn't be watching em. Great vids though!!!
Stonedbrownguy 2 years ago 3
@Stonedbrownguy some don't have very good teachers ^.^
jabberwocky685 1 year ago
@Stonedbrownguy the main reason why people don't liek paying attention in class is because most school teacher do no know how to teach as well and keep the class interested as well with a strong speech and humor as Sal has. Sal's way of teaching is more appealing to people in my opinion, more teachers need to adopt such teaching skills.
pure5abi 1 year ago
u teach more like a friend than a teacher. keep the good work ;)
TheFarah91 2 years ago 118
@TheFarah91 Totally agree. You totally rock, best teacher evar! Keep it up! Everyone sub.
UlTrA2GaMeR 1 year ago
YOU THA BEST
chucklesthebear 2 years ago
9:25 "gives away the atom" you probably meant electron :)
Saitame 2 years ago
what is meant by ground state orbital?I had a question in my test ,which is the ground state orbital in Selenium(Se)? If u can explain
amishiparikh 2 years ago 2
You're awesome! However, a minor pet-peeve: around 9:35 or so you start saying that the group 1A elements want to give away "atoms" when you mean that they want to give away ELECTRONS. Otherwise, I love your videos - one day I might even like chemistry.
socctty 2 years ago
The guy I lived with was a Biomolecular Chemist.
I went to his lab once and saw all these strange models with sticks and circles fused together.
"What are all those things with sticks and circles fused together?" I asked.
He scowled. Not the way he wanted to think of his work, and said they were molecular structures.
He also said I wasn't supposed to know about them.
It's not like I'd remember anything to tell anybody, but he acted paranoid and wouldn't let me see anything else.
vickiormindyb 2 years ago 3
This is extremely helpful.
Thank you for taking your time
tDJgut 2 years ago 2
When you said the general trend with size...at around 14:40 , do you mean the atom radius increases from bottom right to top left?
If the Group 17 elements have a smaller radius than the Group 1 elements in the same period, wouldn't the trend go from top right to bottom left?
Shazaaming 2 years ago
I agree. If you look at the right-to-left arrow, and the top-to-bottom one, the resultant diagonal arrow should go from top right to bottom left.
shinoda404 2 years ago
ive decided i love your voice....excellent video its helping me alot with chem
Krealix 2 years ago
Wow! I didn't even notice! I heard it as electrons until you said it. The mystery of the human mind... =P
scissorzaxen 2 years ago
it is the the same as this.
(two "the")
laputahayom 2 years ago
Nice.
Roh1and 2 years ago
Comment removed
PuffinMuffinFull 2 years ago
Great series!
You accidently said atoms instead of electrons a few times. Around 9:20 ->
clerlic 2 years ago 3
He actually did the same thing a few videos back, except he said electrons instead of atoms. He's just balancing it out.
Sconz32 2 years ago 3