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The researchers saw that the blood cell precursors entered blood vessels and stayed there immobile, possibly tethered to the inner wall by adhesion molecules called PSGL1.
It's not until an enzyme called ADAM8, a metalloprotease, is expressed by the blood cells -- cutting loose or weakening the tethering proteins -- that the blood begins to flow.
See the blood cells (labeled with a red dye) as they start to flow within the blood vessel (green dye).
sn1pe352 1 month ago in playlist Bjorn Nordenstrom : Biologically Closed Electric Circuits
Fluid particles downstream of the branching orifice returned these particles upstream to exit via the branching tube.
In a region very close to the tube wall, streamlines were also observed moving upstream to be captured by the branching vessel.
The interaction of this local upstream flow with the general downstream flow produced a pair of stagnation points located downstream and lateral to the branching orifice.
stagnation regions are discussed in relation to atheroma and thrombus formation.
sn1pe352 1 month ago