Transformers, a few basics

[sodomyandlust91]

4:36 the current stops flowing thru both primary and secondary?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@sodomyandlust91

Yes, there is no outside power supply on the primary.

[wcemichael]

very good. what I want to ask is. do you have the same number of windings in each coil? when showing the lower meter readings were the settings on the machine steped up or steped down or set equal as the first meter?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@wcemichael

Its the same number of turns with the meter and the oscilloscope. But if the they were set up or down, the electron flow direction is still the same, but the voltage levels would be different.

[wcemichael]

@AllAmericanFiveRadio Right. same number of windings, BUT when you had them sitting side by side, you had the second oscilloscope at one setting. When you had one inside the other you adjusted it. what was the ratio between the settings? was the second demo (one inside the other) a 1:1 ratio on the scope? I want to know voltage going in and going out on each demo ( or you best ratio guess)

[mackenzie235]

very good presentation, clearly put across. also neat demo at the end to show inversion.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks mackenzie235

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@salimkhan007

Please look form my video on The Navy Training Courses. Free downloads. 24 PDF volumes. The download link is in the more information of the video.

[TheThievingBeggars]

Thanks for this video, very informative! Have you made any videos about center-tapped transformers? Or know of any good sources explaining them?

[LordVoltRod2c]

Transformers are a vary important part of electrical work. You see not everything operates on the same voltage. For instance a door bell operates on low voltage WAY BELOW 120! If you were to skip installation of a STEP DOWN transformer the door bell would burn up on the 120V! Becouse of this it is best not to trust used transformers as you would want to BE SURE your transformer is in perfect order! I prefer to use new parts and know I did a safe job.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks LordVoltRod2c

Safety is always a paramount. When I'm working on my workbench I always use my isolation transformer with out fail. I also strongly recommend to everyone who work on electrical/electronic circuits to use an isolation transformer WITH OUT FAIL!

[3mustardMoNkEyS]

I'm still grasping transformer physics, but could it work like this?: The electrons on the secondary are on a swing-set, and the magnetic field is pushing the swing. Whenever the field expands/shrinks/electrons move thru the field current is induced(The swing is in motion). When the field stablizes(Swing is no longer pushed), the electrons slow down and then stop(Friction of the swing). AC's magnetic field is always changing(Swing is always being pushed), so the electrons are always in motion?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@3mustardMoNkEyS

You can measure the results the results to the enth degree, but no body knows WHY!

[bungie091]

Great video - thanks!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks bungie091

[xXDominoXx]

why does current flow in the opposite direction?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@xXDominoXx

This may surprise you, but nobody really knows why. There are lots and lots of theories. Nobody knows why when a magnetic field cuts across a wire, electronic move in the wire. Nobody knows why the direction of electrons either. However it is measurable and very predictable.

[xXDominoXx]

@AllAmericanFiveRadio hmmm, along with the theory of magnets that it is made up of sub-atomic dipoles but again they have no explanation do they? that's just saying magnets made out of magnets, and also that which you mentioned.

I suspect a conspiracy.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@xXDominoXx

LOL, I'll go along with the conspiracy that academia is hiding the fact that they really don't know how any of it works. If you ask them a question, they will give you an answer, but the will not tell you that their answer, is their best guess.

[xXDominoXx]

@AllAmericanFiveRadio they hide more than you think in Area 51.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@xXDominoXx

Maybe not, I served in the USAF from 1966-1970 with a top secret clearance.

[xXDominoXx]

@AllAmericanFiveRadio Area 51 clearance?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@xXDominoXx

I was not stationed there or ever landed there. I worked on aircraft where ever they went.

[dumle29]

@xXDominoXx it doesnt. he´s just really technical (or stupid)

positive means it has a positive ammount of electrons (and electrons are negative)

where negative means a negative ammount of electrons.

so it DOES move from positive to negative. however what´s movingis negativly charged.

[xXDominoXx]

@dumle29 ok thanks

[AlienRelics]

@dumle29 Maybe I missed something.

The positive anode of a battery, or positively charged end of a capacitor, have too -few- electrons. The negative side has too many electrons. Electrons flow from negative to positive.

Benjamin Franklin guessed whether the actual particle moving was negative or positive, he guessed incorrectly.

[dumle29]

@AlienRelics hmm ok. its just that i get told this and the that and my science teatcher told me both.

so i stuck with the first thing i learned. from + to -

i understand the + as saying "here is much more electrons than i need" and - as saying "GIMMI GIMMI GIMMI"

[mandy17g]

dont u need an AC current for a transformer?

a battery represents or is infact DC current...hw can it produce magnetic field ?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

@mandy17g

When electrons flow in a wire a magnetic field is produced.

[clearair]

Hi there,

I'd just like to thank you for making such a fine video series. It must take some time to produce these clips, but the attention to detail really shows. Kudos to you for taking the time to share some well considered technical wisdom with the world.

Michael.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks clearair

[ranjit3o]

thats really Good knowledge... But i hv some Quetion U might help me..1 If we want to make Step-Down transformer(220V to 110V) between both Side of Coil how much Distance Should b Given(inside where it induce the magenetic Field)?.2 DO we hv to Know the what kind of Coil/Copper wire should v use?..3you SHou About that iron bar is that alway has to be in there or it just for Small appiliance like radio Etc..? What you mean by in Phase, out phase. Dop we need it in Step down 220v to110? pls Reply

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks ranjit3o

The information you are wanting is much more complex to try and answer in a comment. I Google "how to make a transformer" and found tons of good information. But you will find it much cheaper to buy a step-down transformer than making one. Google "step down transformer 220v" the first hit was a step down transform 220 to 110.

[Nivicoman]

I have the chassis of an early 60's console stereo. It uses no power transformer only 11 tubes whose heater voltages in series add up to 115 volts. You could say it's the stereo equivalent of an All American Five radio.

[wreynolds1995]

Very, very good. Helped me loads.

Thanks a lot.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks wreynolds1995

I hope it does help!

[Ibringthetruth1]

like

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks Ibringthetruth1

[B4LN]

Thanks

[deepcut71]

Thanks, nice and clear :)

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

[kc9oct]

Very good video!!!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks!

[NeilThe83]

Yo! AllAmericanFiveRadio, I kind of need your help with a step-up transformer sequencing map... send me a message and I'll show ya.

[NeilThe83]

Yo! AllAmericanFiveRadio, could you like help me with this step-up tranformer sequencing map, bro... I got to fill in boxes... and it goes like "Currents flows through smaller coil" --->? ----> ? ----> ?

[ktmani]

Way to go, It's nice and understandable.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

[williamblake69]

great video ...... where can i get one of those devices you used at the end? ...... an osciliscope?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Mine is a 20MHZ two channel and a bought it at a flea market. I always look when I go to Ham Radio Fests but today I would search on eBay. Thanks

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

[maurpine]

thank you

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

[Madness832]

Excellent explanation. I like your TP-roll coils, too.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks, they are very useful.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yes that is correct. It will not be quite as efficient as a transformer made for that purpose. Because you are using the secondary as the primary, and the primary should be the first winding around the core.

[pacificcresttrans]

Good video. Pacific Crest Transformers has whitepapers, articles and videos on power transformers. It specializes in the manufacture of liquid-filled distribution transformers. You may check the website.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks. I had found your site and have watched your video a number of times. Very interesting and a nice production.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Very nice and useful website too.

pacificcresttrans(DOT)com

[sailtheseaofcheese]

P=IV, therefore if the voltage gets increased, the current must get decreased because power is the same on both sides. How neat is that!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yep the basics are very important.

[mrBr00k5]

So if I have a low amp high voltage primary, and a secondary with fewer turns, I get more amps and less volts? Is that right?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yes. And the power is about the same on both sides. There is a little power loss in the transfer. You don't get something for nothing.

[analog56x]

awesome video! i understand a great deal more now because of this video! thanks!

i want to try to build a 12V to 120V transformer... would that mean i would need about 10x as many coils on a step-up transformer? or is that now how it works at all? haha!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

Generally yes that is how it works. There is always loss though, from the type of core used, how the coils are wound, the type of wire, number of turns for each coil, EST.

[analog56x]

@AllAmericanFiveRadio

good point... so ill have to play around with it for a while. the thicker gauge of wire used, the more amperage will be transferred too, right? im planning on building an iron core to get the most amps i can out of the device im building :)

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yep, there is a lot to think about. I Googled "transformer design", lots of information.

[coilsinamotor]

10 times better than expert village!

[telemediav]

Simple and great video. Thanks

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

[ptaaaaag]

Thanks mate, I'm getting into electronics and this is information is really helpful. 5 stars.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks!!

[dcsilva10]

hey i was wondering how did you set up the circuit on the oscilloscope i want to try that out in my electro mechanical class

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

I did another video on this "Transformers, basic phasing" there is a link to drawing of the setup. I also added the link to this video. I am going to add both videos to the HTML page. Thanks.

[Ibringthetruth1]

scientists know how magnetic induction works.

maybe i missed your point.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

They don't know why.

[MrWhippyProductions]

Thankyou youve really helped in my Physics Exam preperation a really helpful video and so easy to understand

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

THANKS!!!

[ringbolt9]

im trying to restore old RADIO AND LOVE YOUR STUFF

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

THANKS!!!

[farmeradamwaite89]

Thanks!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

You are welcome!

[xfjjx]

HELPFUL (Y)!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

[hhotechnology]

another brilliant video!

i am learning so much here

thanks

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

THANK YOU!!

[hffg67]

I love your videos , You are super great. Thanks for explaining this stuff. Hope you have a super great day.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

[biggun5012]

a small mistake, electrisity comes for + and go to the - but electon go from - to +

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yep, that is correct electrons in a circuit travel from negative to positive.

[ms2333]

Thanks so much for creating these videos. You seem to be able to explain and demonstrate mysterious and difficult concepts in a way that makes perfect sense. There are still a few concepts with coils and tranformers that continue to elude me, though.

In a step-down transformer, say for a doorbell, you have a primary coil hooked straight into the panel. If this coil is just a long wound up piece of wire with negligible resistance, why doesn't it just short out and melt when you hook it up?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

The impedance of the primary will be chosen to match the commercial AC. The secondary impedance has been chosen to match the impedance of the doorbell. Impedance is the AC resistance and for an iron core transformer, impedance is much higher than DC resistance. The DC resistance of a typical primary of a power transformer is around 5-8 ohms, but its impedance is several thousand ohms. Thanks.

[ms2333]

thanks!!  I just did some quick reading about impedance and inductve reactance. I think I understand your explanation now. Is it fair to say the physical properties of the primary winding and core give it a certain inductve reactance that balances with the frequency of the house electricity?

I find DC vs. AC component behavior hard to grasp, for example the video on automatic volume control. But I find your videos very helpful and I am learning a lot. Thanks!!!!!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Well that is close enough. Just keep thinking about it and eventually it will make sense. Learn a little at a time and it will all add together nicely. If you have not downloaded the Navy Electronic Course you might want to do that. I did a video on it and they are all excellent.

[AlamoCityCello]

Awesome!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Oh sure it is high current with just a wire, but the magnetic field is there.

[thinklikeme1]

thanks so much this helped me with my physics gcse!!!!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

I'm very glad it helped!

[coolguitar1993]

Thanks a lot man!

Its fun too,unless u have things bothering u.

My question is how the increase in length of the secondary coil affects the Voltage.

Dont tell me,less current flows through it and,so more Voltage.I have heard it everywhere.

I am not clear with the idea of p.d. here.

Is it that more charges get accumulated on the terminal of the secondary coil?

I guess u will know.

Thanks in advance.

[coolguitar1993]

Is it that more charges get accumulated on the terminal of the secondary coil and less of them ar elet to flow per unit time.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks,

Transformers can not create power and what that means is the power you input to the primary, the secondary will never exceed. There is also a little lose in the transfer of the power between the primary to the secondary, but it is small so well ignore it.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Power = I*E, if there is 120Vac at 1A input to the primary and the secondary voltage is 240Vac that means that the secondary I = 0.5A. If the secondary voltage is 120Vac that means that the secondary I = 1A. If the secondary voltage is 60Vac that means that the secondary I = 2A.

[musicman0150]

Very interesting. I was wondering if this method applies to speakers the 70v line transformers that go to speakers for PA hookups? Would those be considered step down or step up transformers? I have a couple videos demonstrating the results I get when hooking up my speakers with and without the transformers to two different amplifier systems. I'll send them to you so you can help me out.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

ddl312 & CassetteMaster 100% correct. To use the 70 volt line your PA would have an out put marked as 70V on the amplifier. This output would connect to multiple 70V transformers in parallel usually to cover a large room or several rooms and each speaker many have its own volume control.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

You may over load the 70 volt output by connecting it to the 8 ohm speaker. In this configuration the 8 ohm speaker is shorting out the 70v output. You can think of it this way from an 8 ohm speaker point of view. The 8 ohm output of the amp is a completed circuit ready for the speaker. The 70v output is not a completed circuit for the speaker and a matching transformer is required to complete the circuit for the 8 ohm speaker.

[Organgrinder010]

Fun fun! :D

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

lol, Thanks

[retrochad]

Great demonstration....I especially liked the demonstration of the air-core coils.

[BadEditPro]

Fascinating... I have been in broadcasting all my life and I have never seen anybody break those concepts down so simply and eloquently. Very cool.

Thanks

:)

JC

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks JC! About two months ago I started doodling with some drawing trying to figure out what I wanted to show about transformer, when I had time. I ended up with about 47 drawings. Even made changes to most of them the day I put the video together. Believe me I learn a lot from this too. Rick

[corgihound]

Nicely done! Thanks!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks very much! Appreciate your comment!

[bugeats]

I like your videos. You certainly did save the best section for last. Very cool.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks! Both coils took me about two hours to wind. Im hoping that Ill be able to use them again.

[chbitter]

Cool very good explained

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks very much I really appreciate your comment. Im glad you liked too!!

[jstrunck]

Super Transformer Vid! I really like the method used to show the relationship of phasing.

Thanks,

John

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yes, Im guilty, I saved the best for the last. But the first part is important for the YouTubers just getting started in electronics. Thanks John.

[joernone]

Rick,

This vid was really neat. I know it took a lot of work to put this one together, but the end result was a perfect demo of transformer construction and operation. As usual, excellent job. You're the best, my friend.

Regards,

John

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks John,

As you know the basics are very important. I hope the video will help some YouTubers with their electronic troubleshooting. I keep all my original drawings so I pull from them. The toughest part is where to get started, so I just started making drawing while thinking about what I want the viewer to get out of it at the end of the video, so most of it is built backwards. It works well for me because Im very dyslectic.

Regards

Rick

[radioam232]

Thank you for this PERFECT demonstration on coils, very informative ( and an exiting experiment at the end with the 2 coils ).

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Over the passed few months I made about 47 draws, most were cut and past with something added or deleted. Made many changes, including redesigning most of them yesterday. But I hope this helps the YouTubers getting started in electronic repair. Thanks very much for your comment, I appreciate it greatly!

[Maxxarcade]

Great demonstration! I've known how transformers worked for a long time, but I wasn't aware of the phasing charictaristics they have.

I can see why good quality audio transformers are so expensive. They have to be efficient over the entire AF frequency range, and have low distortion at the same time. That probably requires very precise construction in comparison to a power transformer.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Yes, transformers are an extremely interesting study. Im sure youve noticed that very high quality audio transformers are heavy, and precisely made. The best ones I ever had was by MacIntosh. Thanks.

[CameramanLink]

Very good demonstration. I like how you used the homemade coils with the toilet paper rolls. What frequency were you putting into the primary?

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thanks.

Yes, I find toilet paper roll centers very useful, and I guess most everyone has them. The frequency I used was 70KHz.

[subtler1]

thank you for this video. I wish a had a scope so I could do things like this.

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

It real helps seeing what is going on in circuits. I was lucky enough to find this scope at a large flea market just off of Hwy 40. Thanks.

[rlewis1946]

Another very well done video! I especially like the demonstration (starting about 7:15), using the home wound coils and the oscilloscope. That is the clearest explanation of induction and coil winding I've seen demonstrated. Thanks, and keep up the good work!!

Roy Lewis

Atlanta, GA USA

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Thank Roy,

I hope this helps the YouTubers getting started in repairing there record players, radios, tape machines.. est. Rick

[coolbluelights]

EXCELLENT Excellent video!! I love transformers! I learned about them in school, if you get the turns ratio calculations right you can make almost any voltage np/ns I think it is (NP= number of turns primary and NS is, well you know) 5/5 and fav!

[AllAmericanFiveRadio]

Transformers are fascinating, always seems like a little magic, but its very predictable. I have always liked messing around with magnets and coils, and still do. Thanks D.