When I get a job after graduation, I'm giving you a portion of my paycheck. From the bottom of my heart, thank you. You made me ace Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus 1 and 2.
I go to an Ivy League school where tuition is $40000, and I have to watch these videos because my Calc prof is that terrible. Columbia needs to hire Patrick!
Lol on that last question I was like "WTF this isn't working, you'll just keep on getting the same thing if you take successive derivatives", then he said "remember to simplify algebraically", and I was like "HOLY SHIT THIS MAN IS THE CHOSEN ONE"
This is really childish: hehe you say L'Hospital in a very funny manner. Which means I haven't head it pronounced that way before. Very insightful though, my thanks you good sir.
I purposely went from the website to the youtube page to make a comment, THANK YOU for being someone who KNOWS the rule is french and pronouncing it correctly. If I hear another "le" hospital, -.-
q: i was watching one of your videos: on solving improper integrals. I i noticed that u carried out L'Hospital's rule in a case where u had (infinity)*(0).
But in this video u said that L'hospitals rule could only be applied when u have (inf / inf) or (0/0).
i may be misunderstanding something, but even so could u put me on the right track
@23youwatch L'Hopital's rule can be used when dealing with limits that produce indeterminate forms. 0 x infinity is an indeterminate, so you're able to apply L'Hopital's rule.
for your last question: (1+2e^x)/2e^x you can simply separate it into 1/2e^x + 2e^x/2e^x and finding this limit of 1/2e^x + 1 is equal to 1. Therefore you don't necessarily have to find the last derivative.
@23youwatch No, because finding the limit of 1/2e^x + 1, there is only an x value in the first term (1/2e^x). the limit of this term is zero, therefore the limit is 0+1 = 1.
The number of views shows how many teachers LACK THE ART OF PRESENTATION in their classes. Just a report card they could hand on their wall, or plug it in their **** . Why ? cuz my math "teacher" is a sleepy effed up one
Damn man thanx, my textbook is completely useless for this section... but yah if possible i think u should maybe improve the indeterminate powers video, the examples r good, but some more variety would be more helpful. BUT STILL THANKYOU
Can you take the double derivative or even tripple derivative of each one, anyone comment if you know the answere, on one hand i would assume so because you can just apply the rule again if you have not changed the limit, but on the other hand if you derive the top and bottom of a fumction, that derivative is not equivalent to the function you derived obvously, and maybe the rule no longer applies
@patrickJMT i sooo would!...i had a precal prof last semester and man was she awful. i didnt learn jack squat in that class (of course i didnt know about you videos back then, but now i do! and i am doing great in calc thanks to you!)
@patrickJMT Patrick do you know any good calculus textbooks for a BC student? Also I never took AB but I know some calculus (almost up to integrals) thanks to your videos. I'm in BC but i still need to learn some of AB material because I never took the AB class (they skipped me) so that's why i'm asking you this. Should I worry about being in BC?
@ThePinkFlamingo305 well, i used books by stewart. the books by larson are also good i think. as for being worried, i really can not say at all. best to talk to your instructor / teacher and let them assess the situation.
I just love you Patrick. You cover stuff (like this and Lagrange Multipliers) that no one else covers or covers in the same way (even places like Khan Academy don't have some of the more advanced stuff you do). What you do is GREATLY appreciated. One day, when I am a distinguished thinker and poet I shall publish and dedicate to you a laudatory poem commemorating your deeds.
@patrickJMT thanks mate, your videos going to save my ass , my teacher is called The Titanic, i mean you don't need to see the the movie to know what it means XDXDXDX
@Cybernetic you have to do the chain rule (I think that's the name in english) and after L'H you will have lim n--> infinity 2(ln n) (1/x) / 1. Then you have to do L'H again, but that is on the video[around 2:40], so you get 0 as answer :)
well if I didn't mess up the chain rule, i guess it's right
Hey patrick JMT...thanks a ton for all the videos...very helpful!!!
can u post some videos doing kind of like a review for all the tests...like one video for series and one video for sequences.... We went through a couple tests in my calc class regarding the regular limit test and the ratio test....when to use which?/
Also, our teacher gave us a problem of alternating sequence...like 5,-1. 5, -1.....
and we had to find the nth term...can u go over this??
I was given a problem in my calculus class and it deals with L'Hopital rule. The instructor ask us to tell him why you cannot use the rule on The lim sin[x]/x. And he pointed out that if the rule is used there isn't any mathematics problem or anything but there is a fallacy if used based off the definition of the sin derivative
The derivative of a natural log (ln) is just 1 divided by whatever was inside the natural log, times the derivative of whatever was in the natural log. Which he did.
Lmao!!! He must have written it without even realizing he spelled it wrong but im sure he knows because I tend to right L'HOSPITALS even though i clearly know its l'hopitals rule. Its funny how the mind can play tricks on you :D
@Naminator99 No, that's actually right. See my comment above. The 'ô' is a contraction of 'os', so his spelling is more correct than yours. Originally Guillaume de l'Hôpital, for whom this rule is named, spelled his name l'Hospital before the French changed all their 'os' spellings into 'ô' spellings etc.
Because its coming from the right side. The limit as x->0 diverges and if you think about it like an asymptote, one side goes down to negative infinity and the other side goes up to positive infinity, thus as x approaches 0 from the right side it goes down to negative infinity. Hope that helped. =)
thanks, i have my midterm 2 exams tomorrow.. technical maths - limit, differentiation and intergration.. my notes all suck and i found this youtube link that helped me out so much, thanks again!
This has been such a great help, my Calc final is in 2 hours, so I've been studying a lot the past couple of days. Every once and a while, I'll come across something that the book and my notes don't explain well, and it's so nice to know that I have another resource to consul and figure out what I'm doing wrong. It's been a huge help! I know comments are only worth so much, but seeing how many you have on your various videos, it doesn't take a lot to see how many people you've helped.
Thank you sooo much! you have helped save my ass
banananana99 1 week ago
When I get a job after graduation, I'm giving you a portion of my paycheck. From the bottom of my heart, thank you. You made me ace Algebra, Trigonometry, Calculus 1 and 2.
otownfever 2 weeks ago
Ahh, I have to remember this -> l'hospital, simplify,,l'hospital, simplify,,l'hospital, simplify.......
Thanks to infinity Mr.Patrick !
Lulita38 3 weeks ago
@Lulita38 yes, people forget to simplify (that is, do the algebra!) - you are very welcome : )
patrickJMT 3 weeks ago
Passed with an 88 final grade, top of the class, studying only by watching your videos.
instead of buying a textbook next semester i should just donate you 20$
QuaziGNRLNose 3 weeks ago
@QuaziGNRLNose better than that, tell EVERYONE about the vids! that is better than $20 for me. : ) glad the class turned out well for you.
patrickJMT 3 weeks ago
Patrick > Khan
bwp2bruce 3 weeks ago
I go to an Ivy League school where tuition is $40000, and I have to watch these videos because my Calc prof is that terrible. Columbia needs to hire Patrick!
hilbug93 1 month ago
Why aren't you my prof... why...
TheRussianGlory 1 month ago
thx alot for wt u done
lordkhalloody 1 month ago
Rate my professor rated my teacher as 2.5. Patrick would most definitely be 5/5
FenixEven 1 month ago
i should of went to college of JMT
QuaziGNRLNose 2 months ago 9
@QuaziGNRLNose send me your tuition and i will print out a diploma for you
patrickJMT 2 months ago 40
@QuaziGNRLNose amen, 5-10 minutes of these videos i learned more than i did sitting for an hour in class :S
bling6 1 month ago
6:20 is it okay to just divide before using l'hopitals rule again to get (1/2e^x)+1 as x->inf = 1?
Rahfulz 2 months ago
Thank you soo much! This so much more helpful then my actual discussion class! :)
thatchickslara 2 months ago
I think I could literally learn more from YouTube than from a first year calc course because of videos like these.
rsgirl10 2 months ago
If I wasn't in debt from tuition right now I'd donate so much money.
Just you wait till I get my degree good sir :D
AliveDog 2 months ago
Comment removed
AdamarRamada 2 months ago
Take my calc midterm this friday for me haha
AdamarRamada 2 months ago
This man is amazing and is completely responsible for my A
ineedaname0608 2 months ago 2
Lol on that last question I was like "WTF this isn't working, you'll just keep on getting the same thing if you take successive derivatives", then he said "remember to simplify algebraically", and I was like "HOLY SHIT THIS MAN IS THE CHOSEN ONE"
FireInTheCockPit 2 months ago 21
@FireInTheCockPit plug and chug, l'hospital, simplify, plug and chug (and repeat if necessary)!
patrickJMT 2 months ago 4
where have you been all my life!? ...i mean all semester...
tina0595 2 months ago
@tina0595 right here! where have you been?
patrickJMT 2 months ago 17
Doesn't anyone else find it cool that he's a lefty?
zguitarmaster 3 months ago 2
@zguitarmaster I seriously thought I was the only one thinking that lol
thatchickslara 2 months ago
thank you so much for posting these! I hated my calculus course until my coursemate told me about your videos :)))
shanniechen 3 months ago
This guy is great. Too bad there's not more of him in real life LOL.
Angelgrrl04 3 months ago
thank you very much patrick
I really do not know to to thank you
I wish if you are a teacher in my
university
0505881328 4 months ago
you're an amazing human being! thanks! :)
biancanatt2 4 months ago
This is really childish: hehe you say L'Hospital in a very funny manner. Which means I haven't head it pronounced that way before. Very insightful though, my thanks you good sir.
djbluelive 4 months ago
thanks! i watch your videos a couple times everyday! :)
witpc 4 months ago
Thanks to your videos, I passed my exam. Thank you :)
cabz654 4 months ago
imba!
charlesbene 4 months ago
patrick, who is your math teacher when you are still in college? Cause ur soo good in teaching.
halflife1994 5 months ago
I purposely went from the website to the youtube page to make a comment, THANK YOU for being someone who KNOWS the rule is french and pronouncing it correctly. If I hear another "le" hospital, -.-
psychoanalyst 5 months ago
4 people couldn't solve indeterminate limits.
TheHypaLink 5 months ago 2
@TheHypaLink u came here to joke around and people are coming here after getting raped in classes D:<
paagera 5 months ago
@paagera Ha ha maybe that's the problem, I'm here to avoid getting raped in class not the other way around
dcapacitor 5 months ago
@TheHypaLink thumbs up btw *O*
paagera 5 months ago
@Bludgeoned2DEATH2 actually, it's either L'Hospital or L'Hôpital :p
ilyahali 5 months ago
Comment removed
ilyahali 5 months ago
Thank YOU!!
jrtavarez 6 months ago
good video!! :-)
AMARTYA7 7 months ago
thanks :D
mathewrokz 7 months ago
l'hopital's rule or l'hospital's rule? but wither way i always call the latter. very nice video man
sustantivo1espritu 7 months ago
I have never watched a video of yours that hasn't helped. thanks so much :)
NorthernMonologue 8 months ago
If only math lessons at school were awesumly clear like yours, math would be more fascinating.
iagopb 8 months ago
q: i was watching one of your videos: on solving improper integrals. I i noticed that u carried out L'Hospital's rule in a case where u had (infinity)*(0).
But in this video u said that L'hospitals rule could only be applied when u have (inf / inf) or (0/0).
i may be misunderstanding something, but even so could u put me on the right track
23youwatch 8 months ago
@23youwatch L'Hopital's rule can be used when dealing with limits that produce indeterminate forms. 0 x infinity is an indeterminate, so you're able to apply L'Hopital's rule.
ckala13 6 months ago
for your last question: (1+2e^x)/2e^x you can simply separate it into 1/2e^x + 2e^x/2e^x and finding this limit of 1/2e^x + 1 is equal to 1. Therefore you don't necessarily have to find the last derivative.
ssibalgeseki 8 months ago
@ssibalgeseki i thought that too... but would that give u just Zero?
coz Patrick managed to get 1 :S
23youwatch 8 months ago
@23youwatch No, because finding the limit of 1/2e^x + 1, there is only an x value in the first term (1/2e^x). the limit of this term is zero, therefore the limit is 0+1 = 1.
ssibalgeseki 8 months ago
@ssibalgeseki
true... damn... im not thinkin today! this rain weather has got me down :(
tht was really stupid :P thnx any way ;)
23youwatch 8 months ago
good thing you exist.
my cal teacher knows she cant teach, so she just tells us to look on youtube to learn.
humanityexists 9 months ago
keep doing what you're doing Patrick. Don't stop, this is a great thing man, thanks!
13xxxbigboyxxx13 9 months ago
you are the man... i cant understand a word my professor says.. i hope you get paid a lot for your work becasue this is amazing
nbhav1992 9 months ago
Seriously why are 90% of all math profs shit at teaching.. I wish my school would hire you, I bet our classes average would go up
ches92 9 months ago
Man, this is great. Do work.
krolarthur 9 months ago
You don't understand how much I love you.
Marry me.
TehThreeMusketeers 9 months ago
Thank you.
gljma4ever 9 months ago
which book do you use to get questions?
MahadCh33ma 10 months ago
4:33 awkward silence...... LOL
hyorkim11 10 months ago
Thanks for this great lecture!
CharlieTan84 11 months ago
The number of views shows how many teachers LACK THE ART OF PRESENTATION in their classes. Just a report card they could hand on their wall, or plug it in their **** . Why ? cuz my math "teacher" is a sleepy effed up one
pimpmymail 1 year ago
loving this video, the exam questin sloved finally :))
chenwei1996 1 year ago
Dude you're awesome O.O
LilyMuve1 1 year ago
Damn man thanx, my textbook is completely useless for this section... but yah if possible i think u should maybe improve the indeterminate powers video, the examples r good, but some more variety would be more helpful. BUT STILL THANKYOU
Blasterfi9 1 year ago
i always say it like "el hospital (like a real hospital)" xD it sounds spanish..lol
kpxflameboy 1 year ago
lol my man
metallicawtf 1 year ago
lol
metallicawtf 1 year ago
you are so much better than my prof at western...thank you to the power of infinite :D
MrAsh2222 1 year ago
How is your camera mounted??
antiherodarkmatter 1 year ago
This has been flagged as spam show
I thank God that you exist Patrick. You are definitely getting into heaven.
Oblisk47 1 year ago
Comment removed
Oblisk47 1 year ago
How can you dislike this video?
SZS0001 1 year ago
@SZS0001 dislike button :D JK
noobguitar321 10 months ago
thank you very much this cleared up some confusion
pheni0x 1 year ago
wow u are genius.
zainabbeans 1 year ago
Thank you so much, sir. Greatly appreciated.
N0NA09 1 year ago
I was looking for the explanation of the problem on 3:09 all over books and I could never find it!
million thanks! your tutorials are the key to understanding math!
19bng 1 year ago
Can you take the double derivative or even tripple derivative of each one, anyone comment if you know the answere, on one hand i would assume so because you can just apply the rule again if you have not changed the limit, but on the other hand if you derive the top and bottom of a fumction, that derivative is not equivalent to the function you derived obvously, and maybe the rule no longer applies
dez3192 1 year ago
@dez3192 i guess if even after taking the first derivative you're getting the indeterminant form then only you can apply 2nd derivative...
aimoo220 1 year ago
thanx very helpful ! 5*
Danasqu 1 year ago
dude your online tutorials are the best, why cant there be more profs like u !!!
zaraki1080 1 year ago 33
@zaraki1080 tell your math department to hire me
patrickJMT 1 year ago 101
@patrickJMT i sooo would!...i had a precal prof last semester and man was she awful. i didnt learn jack squat in that class (of course i didnt know about you videos back then, but now i do! and i am doing great in calc thanks to you!)
STEFIzeADVENTURER 10 months ago
@zaraki1080 , there's no more profs like him cuz he's da best!
alexmusicgraffity 3 months ago
thanks for the video dude
anhhai2000 1 year ago
patrickJMT for President!!!
Hackiesacker007 1 year ago 38
@Hackiesacker007 i would be vice vice president
patrickJMT 1 year ago 14
@patrickJMT
Ron Paul / PatrickJMT 2012!!!!
Hackiesacker007 1 year ago 4
@patrickJMT Patrick do you know any good calculus textbooks for a BC student? Also I never took AB but I know some calculus (almost up to integrals) thanks to your videos. I'm in BC but i still need to learn some of AB material because I never took the AB class (they skipped me) so that's why i'm asking you this. Should I worry about being in BC?
ThePinkFlamingo305 4 months ago
@ThePinkFlamingo305 well, i used books by stewart. the books by larson are also good i think. as for being worried, i really can not say at all. best to talk to your instructor / teacher and let them assess the situation.
patrickJMT 4 months ago
Comment removed
AceAites 3 months ago
I just love you Patrick. You cover stuff (like this and Lagrange Multipliers) that no one else covers or covers in the same way (even places like Khan Academy don't have some of the more advanced stuff you do). What you do is GREATLY appreciated. One day, when I am a distinguished thinker and poet I shall publish and dedicate to you a laudatory poem commemorating your deeds.
MrPlender 1 year ago 3
@MrPlender ha, sweet! an epic poem!
patrickJMT 1 year ago 5
@patrickJMT thanks mate, your videos going to save my ass , my teacher is called The Titanic, i mean you don't need to see the the movie to know what it means XDXDXDX
evenness 1 year ago
V helpful.
crudster 1 year ago
what if you have something like lim n-->infinity (ln n)^2/n?
Cybernetic 1 year ago
@Cybernetic you have to do the chain rule (I think that's the name in english) and after L'H you will have lim n--> infinity 2(ln n) (1/x) / 1. Then you have to do L'H again, but that is on the video[around 2:40], so you get 0 as answer :)
well if I didn't mess up the chain rule, i guess it's right
sikera182 1 year ago
Thanks man, I appreciate it. (Getting ready for finals xD)
anebg 1 year ago
Hey patrick JMT...thanks a ton for all the videos...very helpful!!!
can u post some videos doing kind of like a review for all the tests...like one video for series and one video for sequences.... We went through a couple tests in my calc class regarding the regular limit test and the ratio test....when to use which?/
Also, our teacher gave us a problem of alternating sequence...like 5,-1. 5, -1.....
and we had to find the nth term...can u go over this??
thanks and sorry for the long comment!
ravi487 1 year ago
Alright, so that's L'Hopital's Rule then. You basically just taught me what a full semester could not, thanks.
Postscript624 1 year ago
i love your writing lol
WeSparkAndFade 1 year ago
Thank you very much! You helped me a lot. In 7:25 min I've learned more with you than I learned in my 2 hours math class on L'Hoputals Rule.
blindskater99 1 year ago
Thanks!!
username14657 1 year ago
thank you!
00oNotAnyMoreo00 1 year ago
I was given a problem in my calculus class and it deals with L'Hopital rule. The instructor ask us to tell him why you cannot use the rule on The lim sin[x]/x. And he pointed out that if the rule is used there isn't any mathematics problem or anything but there is a fallacy if used based off the definition of the sin derivative
headachehd 1 year ago
so that's how you pronounce it lol. I always pronounce it like "hospital" like the hospital where sick people are. Awesome explanation
miinibee 1 year ago
i love ya man
heyyhowyadoin 2 years ago
great explanation mate
dnanalahcnap 2 years ago
Great video! I also have the same book. And i need help with a couple of probs. chapter 7.8- #'s 9, 13, and 15.
Your awesome! =]
bobbylee08 2 years ago
u are simply the best bro!!!
Osiyor 2 years ago
what happened to ln at 5:30, don't you have to take the derivitive of that?
achironis10 2 years ago
The derivative of a natural log (ln) is just 1 divided by whatever was inside the natural log, times the derivative of whatever was in the natural log. Which he did.
H4NN 2 years ago
Lmao!!! He must have written it without even realizing he spelled it wrong but im sure he knows because I tend to right L'HOSPITALS even though i clearly know its l'hopitals rule. Its funny how the mind can play tricks on you :D
manson666korn 2 years ago
Its funny how you dont get the point of the whole video.
blueboyEXE 2 years ago
Nice!
irfaanfr1 2 years ago
It's not Hospitals, it's L'hopital
Naminator99 2 years ago 2
@Naminator99 No, that's actually right. See my comment above. The 'ô' is a contraction of 'os', so his spelling is more correct than yours. Originally Guillaume de l'Hôpital, for whom this rule is named, spelled his name l'Hospital before the French changed all their 'os' spellings into 'ô' spellings etc.
silvergodofgold 1 year ago
On the example of x approaching 0 from the right, why is negative infinity divided by 0 negative infinity, and not DNE?
drcraptainfraction 2 years ago
Because its coming from the right side. The limit as x->0 diverges and if you think about it like an asymptote, one side goes down to negative infinity and the other side goes up to positive infinity, thus as x approaches 0 from the right side it goes down to negative infinity. Hope that helped. =)
Ambarenya13 2 years ago 2
thanks fr explaining @ambarenya13
sMaRtiEs1202 2 years ago
dude..all of my dumb PhD professors are just simply Idiots, you make math easier than those with PhD's...
gobitz 2 years ago 5
your writing is a lot nicer than my professors haha
heydeniseison 2 years ago
thanks, i have my midterm 2 exams tomorrow.. technical maths - limit, differentiation and intergration.. my notes all suck and i found this youtube link that helped me out so much, thanks again!
aaronchesterD 2 years ago
i could watch these all day. good refresher of the fundamentals
dannyboy12357 2 years ago
sounds like a good (but tough) teacher to me!
patrickJMT 2 years ago
shut up
InfernoX17 2 years ago
you are doing a great service to aspiring mathmeticians out there, you just explain the concepts so clearly
niccetta 2 years ago
omg wtf this is EASY! my math teacher really sucks ... lol
MetallicaFTW7 2 years ago
wow these really help and brought me back into math, thanks man.
unholyftw 2 years ago
figures...he's left handed
bestkiteboarder27 2 years ago
i do things with my right hand too
patrickJMT 2 years ago
I know ;) You're just a smart kid. I like how you teach while you're learning and do a better job of it than
lim x
x→100-
teacher's out there. Well done, and thank you!
bestkiteboarder27 2 years ago
There was supposed to be a % symbol in there...
bestkiteboarder27 2 years ago
ow OW!
ericasaidso 2 years ago
Comment removed
surfinmaniac 1 year ago
@patrickJMT thats what she said!
surfinmaniac 1 year ago
Amazing!!!
Zhangsiping 2 years ago 2
tnx alot
xxotmshankxx69 2 years ago
well lots of ppl had thanked u but i thank you more than all people did =]
sniper200110 2 years ago
Thanks for the video... I mean VIDEOS. They are really really helpful, thanks a million!
randomUserPR27 2 years ago 13
I feel like I am in class, except for the fact that I am actually learning here :P
carzy999 2 years ago 53
u paying attention now : )
patrickJMT 2 years ago
I have to write a term paper on l'hopitals rule. Do you know of any good sources for proofs?
setz0010 3 years ago
thank you thank you thank you thank you thank you thank you thank you! :D
3BNole 3 years ago
hahah! no problem!
patrickJMT 3 years ago
This has been such a great help, my Calc final is in 2 hours, so I've been studying a lot the past couple of days. Every once and a while, I'll come across something that the book and my notes don't explain well, and it's so nice to know that I have another resource to consul and figure out what I'm doing wrong. It's been a huge help! I know comments are only worth so much, but seeing how many you have on your various videos, it doesn't take a lot to see how many people you've helped.
3BNole 3 years ago
good luck on your final : )
patrickJMT 3 years ago
thanks bro this helped a lot
ibdrumn 3 years ago
Thanks! I have a cal. exam today and needed some review!!
MiyukiYuki 3 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
lol hey, 1st i thought u were shit! bcuz u spelled l'hopital wrong lol, but after i watched the whole thing!!.....2 words for you! THANK YOU!
hbquanie 3 years ago
In calculus, l'Hôpital's rule (also called Bernoulli's rule; and which is sometimes spelled l'Hospital due to the rule for ô in French writing)
patrickJMT 3 years ago
ohhhh!! lol learn something new everyday! my bad then! oh snap, u posted this on my bday! thanks again!
hbquanie 3 years ago
What if the equation is not a division type..? how do we transform into a division way so we can use the hopital rule..(ax)/(bx)
sameasurz 3 years ago
good job.. really good explaining!
driftx2 3 years ago
thanks!!
patrickJMT 3 years ago
dude ur awesome! im passing calculus because of you.
thanks
:)
jessy0516 3 years ago
you are welcome : )
patrickJMT 3 years ago
oh shit i never knew that , the other guys right aur a legend
bangalirussian 3 years ago
i passed math test buy watching your videos the night before.. man ur fuckin legend.. for real
magic100172 3 years ago
Instead of using L'Hopital's rule a second time, you can also factor out an e^x in the numerator so you'll have:
[e^x(1/e^x + 2)/2e^x)] and the e^x factors will "cancel" and you'll end up with 2/2 = 1 after you take the limit.
vaccarovj 3 years ago