The reason why the GULO enzyme was deactivated in primates is because Chuck Norris roundhouse-kicked it in the face. Why? Because Chuck Norris hates citrus fruit.
Look, similarities between species doesn't prove common ancestry. What if the similarities are because of a common Designer Who designed similar functions for similar purposes? And what about the molecular differences between species? You're only concentrating on the similarities. Read my Internet article: HOW FORENSIC SCIENCE REFUTES ATHEISM.
NATURAL LIMITS TO EVOLUTION: Only evolution within "kinds" is genetically possible (i.e. varieties of dogs, cats, etc.), but not evolution across "kinds" (i.e. from worm to human). How were species living and reproducing if their reproductive system and other vital organs hadn't evolved yet? Read my Pravda Internet article: WAR AMONG EVOLUTIONISTS! I discuss: Punctuated Equilibrium, "Junk DNA," genetics, mutations, natural selection, fossils, genetic/biological similarities between species.
@Mogley52 That "kinds" nonsense is from non-scientists who just can't imagine life without invisible, magical superfriends. Google Project Steve NCSE to see that virtually all Biologists know that all life has evolved from simpler organisms. Among Molecular Biologists, it's over 99.9%.
A simple trip to Wikipedia shows that (type in CHLCA)
Also Homo Erectus isnt a shared ancestor either. We were designed in a lab, and it took many attempts to get it right (65 times according to CIA intel)
Maybe its because they ate too much vitamin C in oranges, lemons, ect. And it caused our bodies to do away with the funtion of synthesizing it, for us to do it by ourselves. Just my thought, im no expert.
@seanturpin01: The idea is that a primate was capable of creating vitamin C, but a mutation occurred in one of its sperm/egg cells. Its offspring from that cell would have died and not passed the error along, except that citrus was available from its environment, so it went on to to pass it to further progeny, and eventually to everyone in the species. That is called a neutral mutation, as it does not affect natural selection. For humans at see it is no longer neutral; it is deleterious, ...
... and if men had remained in that state for a long time either all would die or another random mutation might have made another change which backed out the error or perhaps created an equivalent form of the enzyme, or perhaps a totally new enzyme from a different point in the genome altogether which had the necessary functionality.
Free energy is finaly here!But there are very powerfull forces that want to supress the technology,Find this technology at LT-MAGNET-MOTORdotCOM ,The revolution begins!
With so much evidence supporting Evolution and still so many Creationists left out there I can only think that they will never accept the truth. They have settled on a theory and they don't want to go through the 'work' of re-adapting their view of the world and change the way they interpret it. It's easier to just say the opposing theory is false and it's evidence forged and hastily dismiss it than to go through the whole process it will require to understand and adapt to it.
@grimordwow: That is the basic reason why the schools are such a battleground. If fundamentalists didn't pass their screwy ideas on to their kids, in 50 years the problem would go away. The fundies fight tooth and nail to keep that from happening, just as their parents did for them.
Is that Brad Pit representing humans in the example shown in frame 5:39 (ish)?
Personally, I think the apes/monkeys are likely to be more intelligent within their species...and I don't even know those apes! Hehe...
Just havin' fun! Seriously though, to all of you that still doubt that evolution holds many truths, I still have hope for you; after all, if Brad Pit can be considered intelligent enough to be human (questionable) -perhaps you will aspire to reason someday as well.
Evolution makes sense but it cannot explain why we see the same visual and mathematical patterns in organic and nonorganic matter as in sea shells and spiral galaxies. In my video The Paradox of Schrodingers Cat an artist view Time has symmetry and geometry could this explain this paradoxes?
It's called emergence, and in the field of psychology it is often taught that the mind only picks up patters, you may only see the patterns in the universe and ignore everything else, thinking that everything around you is a patter, plus gravity has a huge effect on universal patterns
I can't believe science teaches evolution, which is still just a "Theory".. with NO facts except coincidences in simular compounds, I bet science has mixed DNA of Humans and Animals and got a Mutation of Creation, yet science keeps poking and hurting in the name of foolish studies, that have caused Aides and other Viruses, that murdered and caused suffering, in the search for ideas of life or vaccines .. sciences BIO plants and Medicane are killing also through medical recalls, Educated FOOLS !
@thinkladythink So do you think science has killed more people then religion? No I don't think so. Stop living in the stone age just because your scared! What about evolution doesn't make sense to you?
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putthisonmytab,Scared of what..Morels..I didn't say anything about religion..I got a -16 because I don't believe humans were created from animals or other organisums,I believe we were created as We Are with the exception of science studing DNA,& foolish preverted humans,I have not found anything about Evolution that makes sense,I can look at the clouds & see different shapes & colors yet they are still clouds,some man made polution & some nature made, we are different from other creatures,
Note that the French and Italian navies never suffered from scurvy, they ate garlic. So if you can't get fruit, many herbs will do, including that wonderful herb
I love these videos on evolutionary biology. I went to a catholic hs so they conveniently omitted anything having to do with evolution from the curriculum. It's a fascinating subject and I'm glad to see videos like this explaining it to laypersons.
Yea, tell me about it. I went to PUBLIC school, and I didn't learn about evolution until I decided to read "What Evolution Is" by Ernst Mayr when I was 24. I was dumbfounded that no one ever told me.
Lol this cant be true. That sounds sad to me. I went to public schools in Florida and Texas, which is the creationist haven and republican red state. Even there I learned evolution early in like 4th 5th grade in Texas and through middle school in Florida.
Sadly, it is. I grew up in Florida. In fifth grade they taught us that life is divided into 4 eras each with different types of life: precambrian, cambrian, mesozoic and cenozoic. In seventh grade we learned basic cell anatomy and Linnaean taxonomy. Then in 10th grade I learned Mendelian genetics. Evolution was never mentioned. It was like they could only give us parts of the puzzle and we had to put it together. Once I learned about evolution it all finally made sense.
Man that sucks. Actually that was kind of the way for me as well, seeing as I went through 6th-12th grade here in Florida. They taught individual pieces, but not the whole theory. I learned it from my 8th grade science teacher. He was cool and wasn't afraid to teach it.
@theshredator im 22 now and there were about 2 pages on evolution in my public hs freshman biology book. the teacher of course had to assure us that it was only a theory and could have been a process started by god. i wanted to tell her she was stupid and didnt belong in a classroom but i knew i would be the only one in the school that felt that way and it would probably just get me in trouble.
@kris6682 it's ok if you don't believe in evolution, but you need to have scientific reasonings for doing so. You can't just say "believe I believe in God" as reasoning. That's not the proper way to criticize a scientific theory. You need to look into what the theory says, go into the actual literatures, look at the evidence, and say "in this article X published by authors Y in journal Z, i disagree with the findings presented in figure 3 because....etc etc". CONTINUE
@Casshyr did you even read my comment i accept evolution and no its not ok to not believe in evolutuion when it IS a fact the point of my comment was how incorrectly and under taught it was and the fact that my teacher did not understand it anymore than the students she was attempting to teach it to and she couldnt teach it to us without claiming god had something to do with it therefore she didnt belong in a science class
@Casshyr no big deal at the time i lived in north east arkansas now im in east tennessee both being in the bible belt my siblings experience in highschool here has been about the same they just skirt around evolution like they are going to hell if they talk about
@kris6682 if you debate in that fashion with your teacher, it not only allows you to criticize evolution, but also at the same time, avoid making you look stupid.
From wikipedia: "When taken in large doses, vitamin C causes diarrhea in healthy subjects." "The signs and symptoms in adults were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flushing of the face, headache, fatigue and disturbed sleep. The main toxic reactions in the infants were skin rashes."
Maybe this is why losing the gene increased fitness. Since there was already enough vitamin C in their diet there was no need to synthesize it internally, making it less likely to get side effects from large doses.
any ways I don't understand how a mutation with such a negative impact could be successful - wouldn't they have to have additional beneficial mutations to out reproduce the others that could still synthesize their own vit C which seems highly unlikely
@qbslug perhaps the synthesis of vitamin c requires adiditional energy.
if someone with the gene who is still consuming vitamin c containing fruit is compared with someone who does NOT have the gene, the person with the gene might require more energy than the person who does not.
because glucose is required in the synthesis of vitamin c its not too far fetched to think this may be the cause of the prevalence of the deactivated gene
no, that is only one possible reason. Depending on the number of members of the poulation at the time of the mutation there could be any number of reasons why the member with the mutation survived and the others did not. If the species consumed vitamin C on a regular basis, then the mutation may have had zero effect at the time.
@qbslug: well, the matter of fact is evolution is not always an optimization process. Many times it leads to suboptimal results, the reason being mostly getting stuck to or following a local optima. Moreover with a finite number of subjects to experiment with, evolution can search in only finite number of directions in an infinite dimensional search space. Though this does not answer your question, it can be a possible explanation.
someone said that synthesizing vitamin C requires energy which if were true would probably explain why the ability would die out in a species that regularly consumes vit C
Creationists are losing this battle hardcore. I'm now completely convinced that someone who looks at this enormous mountain of evidence and just ignores it/brushes it away only shows how utterly pointless they are in existence.
I understand why the use of the phrase "higher animals" makes you cringe. It harkens back to the notion of a great chain of being or a ladder of lower and higher animals.
In the sense that I used the term, "phylogenetically higher" animals are those that have arisen more recently in the tree of life. They're branches are "higher" on the phylogenetic tree.
Since the quote I used in the introduction included that particular phrase, I used it again later. I shouldn't have shortened it, though.
Biological studies like these are the reasons we have a grasp of evolutionary principles on a genetic level. They are the reason we can develop a vaccine for a new deadly strain of the flu within 6 months of it's discovery, saving tens or hundreds of thousands of lives in this country alone.
You either too stupid to understand what you're talking about or you have a very strange idea of 'waste'.
Something that may or may not be true is that Redheads don't make as much of the Omega 3, 6 and 9 because our mutation occurred around areas where we got so many omegas in our diet of fish and current berries that our loss in the mutation didn't effect us and we probably had an advantage because they thought we were magic. I know we don't make as much vitamin K, my guess is due to colder regions, there was more physical contact to keep warm which induces production of vitamin K
Thank you for destroying that meme for me, before I spread misinformation to someone else. Microbiologist here and used to working with tiny bodies not our own. The person who told me that must have gotten it from a bad source. It is so natural for us to be lazy and accept what someone says if it seems to agree with what we know.
If you want to win over religious zealots, using testable or empirical science is not the way to do. Just explain that none of this is in conflict with their religion.
Another interesting evolutionary trait in in a concept called thiamine diamers which are DNA damage. In every species up to mammal, these diamers are repaired by an enzyme that repairs the diamers using sunlight as an energy source. Even monotremes and marsupials have this enzyme. Mammals for some reason do not. I am not sure what the advantage was for this change.
Wow. Excellent. With ERVs and with Chromosome 2 explaining why we have 'lost' a chromosome compared with other apes, the mountain of evidence just keeps piling up. Not that fundies care about evidence. Great job. Keep it up.
Great vid...just one q tho-prior to the GULO mutation did the body rely on dietary vitamin C to a smaller extent ...as soon as the mutation occured the body relied soly on dietary sources so the transporters for vit C in the GIT must have been present already, is this correct? Or could the GLUT's transport sufficient vit C?
The body didn't rely on C at all, its water soluble so any extra C it may have gotten beyond what it made it would have flushed out. Since making enzymes is expensive in body energy, not making Vitamin C because it was in the diet would have actually been advantageous as the energy could now be used for something else. The mutation in the population gradient overcame the ones that made the C, and not non-C makers out bred the C-makers just by that little extra energy they got.
I understand the evolutionary benefit of obtaining it from the diet...i was just wondering wether the body did infact absorb any vit c before the GULO mutation since as soon as the ability to manufacture vit c was lost a dietary source was required. Did the small intestine have Vit c transporters prior to the mutation (that was my orig q, though i may not have worded it well!). I was just curious :)
Sorry I do not know, your wording didn't make it sound like your understanding of biology was that advanced haha. I hope someone can answer that for you.
No necessarily. The mutation might have no effect, if it's partner on the other DNA strand can still function properly. We do build a stunted protein rather than the right enzyme, and it apparently does no harm, other then depriving us of vit-C. Inefficient? some. Dead? probably not. Dangerous? small possibility. Improvement? Even smaller but vital possibility. Perhaps the stunted protein is able to deactivate HIV or polio virii; that's a very good trait to have in T-cells or nerve cells.
Two things allowed me to drop sky daddy before I even entered my teens. One was a crazy(normal) priest who said some pretty stupid things to a six yr old and the other final nail in the coffin of god worship, science and it's wonderful methodology. Thanks Father O'Connor and thanks scientists all over the world for making sense of our world and saving us from the fear of a loving god.
You know what? Its a shame that this video sequence has been entitled "Evolution is real science" in the original videos.
This is so obviously science. If an alien came down to Earth and asked what science is youd point to this. If he asked what does this word myth mean youd point to adam and eve
People too stupid or lazy to endure the difficulty of science will always have a need to make science appear evil, to justify their ignorance. It's a very common reaction from s psychological evaluation. Doesn't change the fact that the trully intelligent will float to the top of society. Just pity the superstitious.
Kudos to Jeremy for his stance on science education and for the quality of this video. In a world of the religious, we all benefit from believers like him.
Such a mutation would be highly unlikely, because a gene would have to be inserted in exactly the same place that it was lost in order to correct the shifting that originally took place.
No, not necessarily. A corrected gene could be inserted anywhere in the genome (as long as it didn't get inserted within some other necessary gene), say, by a viral insertion. If it happened in a germ cell, then it would be inheritable, and would fix the problem for all that beings progeny that derived from that germ cell.
No. An inserted copy of a new enzyme elsewhere in the genome would be completely uninvolved with the stunted one, and would work just fine.
In random DNA, 3/64 (4.68%) of all codons code for a stop. That means that the mean length of a protein coded randomly is about 20, an extremely short and not very functional protein "chunk". When you get a mutation causing a shift, then everything beyond that is garbage, and probably stops within 20 amino-acids by hitting a stop codon. ...
Yes. There are 4 possible acids (A, C, T and G) and they are taken in groups of 3, so there are 64 possible codes. Each such codon codes as a start (1 codon), stop (3 codons) or one of 20 specific amino acids. The start and stop codons signal where manufacturing of a protein starts and stops.
It's actually a bit more complicated than that, involving intermediate copies made to RNA, but that's the basics.
Its too bad there's not a gene therapy program for humans to fix the gulo-producing gene. The mutation probably happened early just to cut back on metabolic costs of making gulo with lots of C available in the environment. If we could put the innate ability back to work, in some endogenous retrovirus, say, you could 'immunize' kids against scurvy...well, its fun to speculate, at least.
very interesting video thanks
xtremetom180 1 month ago
i enjoyed this vid
osclarkos 1 month ago
some great inforamtion here thanks
distractionxx 1 month ago
The reason why the GULO enzyme was deactivated in primates is because Chuck Norris roundhouse-kicked it in the face. Why? Because Chuck Norris hates citrus fruit.
p7byrd 6 months ago
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Look, similarities between species doesn't prove common ancestry. What if the similarities are because of a common Designer Who designed similar functions for similar purposes? And what about the molecular differences between species? You're only concentrating on the similarities. Read my Internet article: HOW FORENSIC SCIENCE REFUTES ATHEISM.
Mogley52 6 months ago
NATURAL LIMITS TO EVOLUTION: Only evolution within "kinds" is genetically possible (i.e. varieties of dogs, cats, etc.), but not evolution across "kinds" (i.e. from worm to human). How were species living and reproducing if their reproductive system and other vital organs hadn't evolved yet? Read my Pravda Internet article: WAR AMONG EVOLUTIONISTS! I discuss: Punctuated Equilibrium, "Junk DNA," genetics, mutations, natural selection, fossils, genetic/biological similarities between species.
Mogley52 6 months ago
@Mogley52
Please watch the other videos in this channel before making nonsensical comments like this.
barsanted 6 months ago
@Mogley52 That "kinds" nonsense is from non-scientists who just can't imagine life without invisible, magical superfriends. Google Project Steve NCSE to see that virtually all Biologists know that all life has evolved from simpler organisms. Among Molecular Biologists, it's over 99.9%.
ndrthrdr1 4 months ago
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Mogley52 6 months ago
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This video also shows that most of the mutations are harmful.
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iEntangled 8 months ago
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what a LOAD of pseudo-scientific NONSENSE
No "shared ancestor" of us exists.
A simple trip to Wikipedia shows that (type in CHLCA)
Also Homo Erectus isnt a shared ancestor either. We were designed in a lab, and it took many attempts to get it right (65 times according to CIA intel)
buffboynick 8 months ago in playlist Fake Science Debunked, Real Science Is Truth
May you continue to grow and flourish.
Thank you very interesting and informative video.
russocollection 1 year ago
Excellent video, fascinating and informative. Thank you very much for taking the time to produce it.
AmyK007 1 year ago
I was actually looking for the singer Vitamin C and somehow landed on this video, LOL.
justrixx 1 year ago
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justrixx
"I was actually looking for the singer Vitamin C and somehow landed on this video, LOL."
I think you're better off with this video.
Cootabux 10 months ago
Maybe its because they ate too much vitamin C in oranges, lemons, ect. And it caused our bodies to do away with the funtion of synthesizing it, for us to do it by ourselves. Just my thought, im no expert.
seanturpin01 1 year ago
@seanturpin01
Its missaligned :)
gorilla199uncensored 1 year ago
@seanturpin01: The idea is that a primate was capable of creating vitamin C, but a mutation occurred in one of its sperm/egg cells. Its offspring from that cell would have died and not passed the error along, except that citrus was available from its environment, so it went on to to pass it to further progeny, and eventually to everyone in the species. That is called a neutral mutation, as it does not affect natural selection. For humans at see it is no longer neutral; it is deleterious, ...
puncheex 1 year ago
... and if men had remained in that state for a long time either all would die or another random mutation might have made another change which backed out the error or perhaps created an equivalent form of the enzyme, or perhaps a totally new enzyme from a different point in the genome altogether which had the necessary functionality.
puncheex 1 year ago
@zenithsage It's also possible they just didn't like his voice or choice of graphics. I wouldn't read to much into it.
JuryDutySummons 1 year ago
Not producing Vit. C might also be an advantage... less energy is spent&lost creating the vitamin.
JuryDutySummons 1 year ago
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Free energy is finaly here!But there are very powerfull forces that want to supress the technology,Find this technology at LT-MAGNET-MOTORdotCOM ,The revolution begins!
lavernedi 1 year ago
With so much evidence supporting Evolution and still so many Creationists left out there I can only think that they will never accept the truth. They have settled on a theory and they don't want to go through the 'work' of re-adapting their view of the world and change the way they interpret it. It's easier to just say the opposing theory is false and it's evidence forged and hastily dismiss it than to go through the whole process it will require to understand and adapt to it.
grimordwow 1 year ago 4
@grimordwow: That is the basic reason why the schools are such a battleground. If fundamentalists didn't pass their screwy ideas on to their kids, in 50 years the problem would go away. The fundies fight tooth and nail to keep that from happening, just as their parents did for them.
puncheex 1 year ago
irwing stone
TDAOS 1 year ago
Great job. I will share this video and visit the website.
ReligiousFiction 1 year ago
I can't thank you enough for all the videos on the channel
Xgya2000 1 year ago
NB: Jeremy is a theist.
see his site for proof
TheEruditepolymath 1 year ago
I still haven't heard any 'intelligent design' argument explaining this pattern.
FiverBeyond 1 year ago
so, could we one day "fix" this mutation so our body can synthesize vitamin C ?
lejink 2 years ago
vid is in ordnung , hey männers frauen tips kostenlos auf FrauenMeister . com hab ich heute gefunden
keriouztada 2 years ago
there are so many slam dunks for "proof" of evolution - I just don't get the debate. Thanks for the video
ShalomYal 2 years ago 4
Is that Brad Pit representing humans in the example shown in frame 5:39 (ish)?
Personally, I think the apes/monkeys are likely to be more intelligent within their species...and I don't even know those apes! Hehe...
Just havin' fun! Seriously though, to all of you that still doubt that evolution holds many truths, I still have hope for you; after all, if Brad Pit can be considered intelligent enough to be human (questionable) -perhaps you will aspire to reason someday as well.
TheDrunkard1 2 years ago
Evolution makes sense but it cannot explain why we see the same visual and mathematical patterns in organic and nonorganic matter as in sea shells and spiral galaxies. In my video The Paradox of Schrodingers Cat an artist view Time has symmetry and geometry could this explain this paradoxes?
nickharvey7 2 years ago
It's called emergence, and in the field of psychology it is often taught that the mind only picks up patters, you may only see the patterns in the universe and ignore everything else, thinking that everything around you is a patter, plus gravity has a huge effect on universal patterns
spyduhmahn 2 years ago
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I can't believe science teaches evolution, which is still just a "Theory".. with NO facts except coincidences in simular compounds, I bet science has mixed DNA of Humans and Animals and got a Mutation of Creation, yet science keeps poking and hurting in the name of foolish studies, that have caused Aides and other Viruses, that murdered and caused suffering, in the search for ideas of life or vaccines .. sciences BIO plants and Medicane are killing also through medical recalls, Educated FOOLS !
thinkladythink 2 years ago
Nobody feed the troll please.
aPenguin09 2 years ago 5
Agreed. Just down-thumb and walk away.
Alisterwolf66 2 years ago 2
The only "theory" I see is that you actually have a brain that can reason..
Deuterstomia 2 years ago
@thinkladythink So do you think science has killed more people then religion? No I don't think so. Stop living in the stone age just because your scared! What about evolution doesn't make sense to you?
putthisonmytab 2 years ago
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putthisonmytab,Scared of what..Morels..I didn't say anything about religion..I got a -16 because I don't believe humans were created from animals or other organisums,I believe we were created as We Are with the exception of science studing DNA,& foolish preverted humans,I have not found anything about Evolution that makes sense,I can look at the clouds & see different shapes & colors yet they are still clouds,some man made polution & some nature made, we are different from other creatures,
thinkladythink 2 years ago
your an idiot
reid300 2 years ago
Really good. The more videos people see like this the more they have to believe in evolution.
Also watch the one on virus.
Germans ate kraut.
Eugensdiet 2 years ago
Note that the French and Italian navies never suffered from scurvy, they ate garlic. So if you can't get fruit, many herbs will do, including that wonderful herb
newperve 2 years ago 3
should show this at Sunday mass
TheLockdawg 2 years ago 7
I love these videos on evolutionary biology. I went to a catholic hs so they conveniently omitted anything having to do with evolution from the curriculum. It's a fascinating subject and I'm glad to see videos like this explaining it to laypersons.
fequalsma42 2 years ago 5
Yea, tell me about it. I went to PUBLIC school, and I didn't learn about evolution until I decided to read "What Evolution Is" by Ernst Mayr when I was 24. I was dumbfounded that no one ever told me.
theshredator 2 years ago 48
Lol this cant be true. That sounds sad to me. I went to public schools in Florida and Texas, which is the creationist haven and republican red state. Even there I learned evolution early in like 4th 5th grade in Texas and through middle school in Florida.
MarxKnewBest 2 years ago
"Lol this cant be true."
Sadly, it is. I grew up in Florida. In fifth grade they taught us that life is divided into 4 eras each with different types of life: precambrian, cambrian, mesozoic and cenozoic. In seventh grade we learned basic cell anatomy and Linnaean taxonomy. Then in 10th grade I learned Mendelian genetics. Evolution was never mentioned. It was like they could only give us parts of the puzzle and we had to put it together. Once I learned about evolution it all finally made sense.
theshredator 2 years ago 3
Man that sucks. Actually that was kind of the way for me as well, seeing as I went through 6th-12th grade here in Florida. They taught individual pieces, but not the whole theory. I learned it from my 8th grade science teacher. He was cool and wasn't afraid to teach it.
MarxKnewBest 2 years ago
@theshredator WTF?!
Fudg3M0nk3y91 1 year ago
@theshredator im 22 now and there were about 2 pages on evolution in my public hs freshman biology book. the teacher of course had to assure us that it was only a theory and could have been a process started by god. i wanted to tell her she was stupid and didnt belong in a classroom but i knew i would be the only one in the school that felt that way and it would probably just get me in trouble.
kris6682 4 months ago
@kris6682 it's ok if you don't believe in evolution, but you need to have scientific reasonings for doing so. You can't just say "believe I believe in God" as reasoning. That's not the proper way to criticize a scientific theory. You need to look into what the theory says, go into the actual literatures, look at the evidence, and say "in this article X published by authors Y in journal Z, i disagree with the findings presented in figure 3 because....etc etc". CONTINUE
Casshyr 4 months ago
@Casshyr did you even read my comment i accept evolution and no its not ok to not believe in evolutuion when it IS a fact the point of my comment was how incorrectly and under taught it was and the fact that my teacher did not understand it anymore than the students she was attempting to teach it to and she couldnt teach it to us without claiming god had something to do with it therefore she didnt belong in a science class
kris6682 4 months ago
@kris6682 ah my apology. That's sad, are you in US? which State if I may ask?
Casshyr 4 months ago
@Casshyr no big deal at the time i lived in north east arkansas now im in east tennessee both being in the bible belt my siblings experience in highschool here has been about the same they just skirt around evolution like they are going to hell if they talk about
kris6682 4 months ago
@kris6682 if you debate in that fashion with your teacher, it not only allows you to criticize evolution, but also at the same time, avoid making you look stupid.
Casshyr 4 months ago
From wikipedia: "When taken in large doses, vitamin C causes diarrhea in healthy subjects." "The signs and symptoms in adults were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flushing of the face, headache, fatigue and disturbed sleep. The main toxic reactions in the infants were skin rashes."
Maybe this is why losing the gene increased fitness. Since there was already enough vitamin C in their diet there was no need to synthesize it internally, making it less likely to get side effects from large doses.
InNominePraxis 2 years ago 2
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This is exactly what we should expect if god wanted us to believe in evolution, even though evolution is not true.
Because god wants us to believe in evolution, we should believe it.
wwickeddogg 2 years ago
So, what you're saying is that whatever God wants us to believe, whether it is true or not, we should believe?
Why not simply remove God from the equation and simply believe whatever we find to be true?
feinorgh 2 years ago 10
so brad pitt is the quintessential human
any ways I don't understand how a mutation with such a negative impact could be successful - wouldn't they have to have additional beneficial mutations to out reproduce the others that could still synthesize their own vit C which seems highly unlikely
qbslug 2 years ago
@qbslug perhaps the synthesis of vitamin c requires adiditional energy.
if someone with the gene who is still consuming vitamin c containing fruit is compared with someone who does NOT have the gene, the person with the gene might require more energy than the person who does not.
because glucose is required in the synthesis of vitamin c its not too far fetched to think this may be the cause of the prevalence of the deactivated gene
SpanerMagnet 2 years ago
word. it sounds much more plausible if energy is conserved
qbslug 2 years ago
no, that is only one possible reason. Depending on the number of members of the poulation at the time of the mutation there could be any number of reasons why the member with the mutation survived and the others did not. If the species consumed vitamin C on a regular basis, then the mutation may have had zero effect at the time.
wwickeddogg 2 years ago
@qbslug: well, the matter of fact is evolution is not always an optimization process. Many times it leads to suboptimal results, the reason being mostly getting stuck to or following a local optima. Moreover with a finite number of subjects to experiment with, evolution can search in only finite number of directions in an infinite dimensional search space. Though this does not answer your question, it can be a possible explanation.
subh1 2 years ago
someone said that synthesizing vitamin C requires energy which if were true would probably explain why the ability would die out in a species that regularly consumes vit C
qbslug 2 years ago 2
fantastic video
nakedapedude 2 years ago
And once again, another point towards science.
Creationists are losing this battle hardcore. I'm now completely convinced that someone who looks at this enormous mountain of evidence and just ignores it/brushes it away only shows how utterly pointless they are in existence.
ChairmanKiel 2 years ago 32
Thanks for this vid, it's great!
Sybsop 2 years ago
Good video, but I cringed everytime he used the phrase 'higher animals'
AtlanticZealot 2 years ago 2
I understand why the use of the phrase "higher animals" makes you cringe. It harkens back to the notion of a great chain of being or a ladder of lower and higher animals.
In the sense that I used the term, "phylogenetically higher" animals are those that have arisen more recently in the tree of life. They're branches are "higher" on the phylogenetic tree.
Since the quote I used in the introduction included that particular phrase, I used it again later. I shouldn't have shortened it, though.
standup4REALscience 2 years ago 3
Thanks for the clarification. /agrees
AtlanticZealot 2 years ago
Interesting stuff and very educational. I never heard about this before.
SeekerLancer 2 years ago
I was eating an orange at the start of this vid and it made me appreciate it that much more xD
rationalargument 2 years ago
1:30 The origin of the term "limey" for Brits, from lime-juicer when referring to British sailors.
The evolution of language ;^]
anderebiste 2 years ago 2
My theory is that Satan skipped the codon, so he made evolution theory make more sense!!!
XD
God forgive our scientific sins!
hedleypanama 2 years ago
creationist get owned by science, daily, even here on youtube XP
iurak6868 2 years ago 2
Comment removed
yrulooknatme 2 years ago
>Science I don't understand is wasted money!
Biological studies like these are the reasons we have a grasp of evolutionary principles on a genetic level. They are the reason we can develop a vaccine for a new deadly strain of the flu within 6 months of it's discovery, saving tens or hundreds of thousands of lives in this country alone.
You either too stupid to understand what you're talking about or you have a very strange idea of 'waste'.
In either event, STFU.
cyxgun 2 years ago 4
sooo...
what consequences could we expect
if we were to turn that gulo back on?
Shadizar666 2 years ago
A disastrous plunge in the commodities market.
Agitpropist 2 years ago 2
Something that may or may not be true is that Redheads don't make as much of the Omega 3, 6 and 9 because our mutation occurred around areas where we got so many omegas in our diet of fish and current berries that our loss in the mutation didn't effect us and we probably had an advantage because they thought we were magic. I know we don't make as much vitamin K, my guess is due to colder regions, there was more physical contact to keep warm which induces production of vitamin K
anubis2814 2 years ago
Humans cant manufacture any omega 3 or 6 (hence they are essential) because they lack the enzyme to insert double bonds there.
cjadlam 2 years ago 2
Thank you for destroying that meme for me, before I spread misinformation to someone else. Microbiologist here and used to working with tiny bodies not our own. The person who told me that must have gotten it from a bad source. It is so natural for us to be lazy and accept what someone says if it seems to agree with what we know.
anubis2814 2 years ago 2
No problems, im a dietetics undergrad and there is alot of misinformation about nutrition out there!!! Thanks for the reply!
cjadlam 2 years ago 2
If you want to win over religious zealots, using testable or empirical science is not the way to do. Just explain that none of this is in conflict with their religion.
mmsayre 2 years ago
Another interesting evolutionary trait in in a concept called thiamine diamers which are DNA damage. In every species up to mammal, these diamers are repaired by an enzyme that repairs the diamers using sunlight as an energy source. Even monotremes and marsupials have this enzyme. Mammals for some reason do not. I am not sure what the advantage was for this change.
anubis2814 2 years ago
Monotremes and marsupials are mammals.
That is all.
HailCthulhu 2 years ago
You are correct, Placental mammals is what I should have said.
anubis2814 2 years ago
Wow. Excellent. With ERVs and with Chromosome 2 explaining why we have 'lost' a chromosome compared with other apes, the mountain of evidence just keeps piling up. Not that fundies care about evidence. Great job. Keep it up.
ogrimdoombringer 2 years ago
Evolution ownz once again ;P
DarthHuru 2 years ago
Great vid...just one q tho-prior to the GULO mutation did the body rely on dietary vitamin C to a smaller extent ...as soon as the mutation occured the body relied soly on dietary sources so the transporters for vit C in the GIT must have been present already, is this correct? Or could the GLUT's transport sufficient vit C?
cjadlam 2 years ago
The body didn't rely on C at all, its water soluble so any extra C it may have gotten beyond what it made it would have flushed out. Since making enzymes is expensive in body energy, not making Vitamin C because it was in the diet would have actually been advantageous as the energy could now be used for something else. The mutation in the population gradient overcame the ones that made the C, and not non-C makers out bred the C-makers just by that little extra energy they got.
anubis2814 2 years ago 2
I understand the evolutionary benefit of obtaining it from the diet...i was just wondering wether the body did infact absorb any vit c before the GULO mutation since as soon as the ability to manufacture vit c was lost a dietary source was required. Did the small intestine have Vit c transporters prior to the mutation (that was my orig q, though i may not have worded it well!). I was just curious :)
cjadlam 2 years ago
Sorry I do not know, your wording didn't make it sound like your understanding of biology was that advanced haha. I hope someone can answer that for you.
anubis2814 2 years ago
Not a biologist, but I'd have to guess yes... Otherwise the very first monkey to possess this mutation would have died of scurvy.
cyxgun 2 years ago
WHOOSH!
Hear that? That's the sound of real evidence going right over the heads of 80-90 IQ fundamentalists.
cyxgun 2 years ago 7
LMAO!! Great comment!!
Is that Brad Pitt in the Human slot on the deactivation chart?
WTF??
nishbrown 2 years ago
very clear
SpeciationEverywhere 2 years ago
Frameshifts are one hell of an error, ruining all the code after them.
1RadicalOne 2 years ago
...up to the next stop code. It puts a real spike in the single protein being coded by the mutated DNA.
puncheex 2 years ago
And one misshapen protein leads to an inefficient, dead, or actively dangerous cell.
1RadicalOne 2 years ago
No necessarily. The mutation might have no effect, if it's partner on the other DNA strand can still function properly. We do build a stunted protein rather than the right enzyme, and it apparently does no harm, other then depriving us of vit-C. Inefficient? some. Dead? probably not. Dangerous? small possibility. Improvement? Even smaller but vital possibility. Perhaps the stunted protein is able to deactivate HIV or polio virii; that's a very good trait to have in T-cells or nerve cells.
puncheex 2 years ago
The music in the opening sounds like the scores to AndromedasWake's videos.
1RadicalOne 2 years ago
Ahhh, science. Don't ya just love it??
Two things allowed me to drop sky daddy before I even entered my teens. One was a crazy(normal) priest who said some pretty stupid things to a six yr old and the other final nail in the coffin of god worship, science and it's wonderful methodology. Thanks Father O'Connor and thanks scientists all over the world for making sense of our world and saving us from the fear of a loving god.
saxmanchiro 2 years ago 2
You know what? Its a shame that this video sequence has been entitled "Evolution is real science" in the original videos.
This is so obviously science. If an alien came down to Earth and asked what science is youd point to this. If he asked what does this word myth mean youd point to adam and eve
AtheistThatsATheist 2 years ago 2
Science ALWAYS needs protection. From religion. From quack medicine. From those who believe in the paranormal. And from simple facepalmy ignorance.
dangerouslytalented 2 years ago 2
hype beatzzzzzzzzz
1trip711 2 years ago
People too stupid or lazy to endure the difficulty of science will always have a need to make science appear evil, to justify their ignorance. It's a very common reaction from s psychological evaluation. Doesn't change the fact that the trully intelligent will float to the top of society. Just pity the superstitious.
TheMathKing 2 years ago
Kudos to Jeremy for his stance on science education and for the quality of this video. In a world of the religious, we all benefit from believers like him.
GeeKayKayGee 2 years ago
is it just me or did that lil tune at the end remind anybody else of napoleon dynamite?
theeyeisblind 2 years ago
Your videos are utterly spectacular sir, I applaud you. 5/5.
anglicantian 2 years ago
i love this series, i learned this stuff awhile back, but this makes it so much clearer than reading it on your own.
xtcx2e 2 years ago
good stuff!
Zentz29 2 years ago
What will happen if a human is born with a mutation that allows the production of vitamin c? Will he/she just be able, or is there other problems?
Faergen 2 years ago 2
Such a mutation would be highly unlikely, because a gene would have to be inserted in exactly the same place that it was lost in order to correct the shifting that originally took place.
dangerouslytalented 2 years ago
No, not necessarily. A corrected gene could be inserted anywhere in the genome (as long as it didn't get inserted within some other necessary gene), say, by a viral insertion. If it happened in a germ cell, then it would be inheritable, and would fix the problem for all that beings progeny that derived from that germ cell.
puncheex 2 years ago
That would turn everything in between the insertion and the Vitamin C gene into garbage though. Anything vital in that region would become useless.
dangerouslytalented 2 years ago
No. An inserted copy of a new enzyme elsewhere in the genome would be completely uninvolved with the stunted one, and would work just fine.
In random DNA, 3/64 (4.68%) of all codons code for a stop. That means that the mean length of a protein coded randomly is about 20, an extremely short and not very functional protein "chunk". When you get a mutation causing a shift, then everything beyond that is garbage, and probably stops within 20 amino-acids by hitting a stop codon. ...
puncheex 2 years ago
...After that, the rest of the former code is just junk DNA until the next protein start code. That's one reason why 98% of our DNA is junk.
puncheex 2 years ago
So these stops you speak of prevent shifts spreading beyond pne protein?
dangerouslytalented 2 years ago
Yes. There are 4 possible acids (A, C, T and G) and they are taken in groups of 3, so there are 64 possible codes. Each such codon codes as a start (1 codon), stop (3 codons) or one of 20 specific amino acids. The start and stop codons signal where manufacturing of a protein starts and stops.
It's actually a bit more complicated than that, involving intermediate copies made to RNA, but that's the basics.
puncheex 2 years ago
another cool fact... that only makes sense using evolutionary predictions.
Otherwize... I'd like to know God's reasons for disabling guineapigs vitamin C gene!
Paxmax 2 years ago 4
Q.E.D. Praise Jesus!
anthonzi 2 years ago
Quantum Electro Dynamics, Praise Jesus?
TheMathKing 2 years ago
No, the sense of QED lol. As in logical proof. quod erat demonstrandum.
anthonzi 2 years ago
Oh, yes! How could I have missed that being a math-head? lol
TheMathKing 2 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
so when the vit c gene broke then oranges evolved out of dinosaur poop so our bodies could get it from them-amazing science...
zx1011 2 years ago
This is an example of how many mutations are benign.
An organism can process the vit C but eats it in its diet anyway. That is why we harmlessly wizz too much of it away (1000mg./day).
When the mutation occurred it made no difference to the organism because it was eating fruits and veggies anyhow. Therefore it survived.
This was all well and good until homosapiens starting spending months in the middle of the ocean away from a regular source of the vitamin.
Had we never taken to sailing...
kingsdun 2 years ago
lol, keep covering your eyes and ears X)
iurak6868 2 years ago
Well done. EvoBiologist has a good video on this too.
peehead99 2 years ago
Great vid. I just don't get how a creationist can rationalize away this type of evidence and the predictable consequences of the theory.
jonstewartfanboy 2 years ago 14
its called the ostrich complex - If I dont see it, its not there!
ngarbo00 2 years ago 5
They will because they are either intellectually dishonest or stupid.
mddawson1 2 years ago 2
Is it possible then to evetually "cure" our vitamin C dependency? Or would that possibly throw a monkey wrench somewhere else?
carlosjhr64 2 years ago 2
Eventually we are going to start fooling around with improving our genes. I think repairing this mutation would be a safe place to start.
thunderpants10 2 years ago 2
In the same way we are able to cure haemophilia and diabetes.
dangerouslytalented 2 years ago
This hasn't beed achieve yet, right?
carlosjhr64 2 years ago
We treat haemophilia and diabetes by giving those with haemophilia and diabetes what their bodies lack.
Vitimin C is simply treating our scurvy(or our lack of ability to synthesise Vitamin C).
dangerouslytalented 2 years ago
Its too bad there's not a gene therapy program for humans to fix the gulo-producing gene. The mutation probably happened early just to cut back on metabolic costs of making gulo with lots of C available in the environment. If we could put the innate ability back to work, in some endogenous retrovirus, say, you could 'immunize' kids against scurvy...well, its fun to speculate, at least.
Valefarous 2 years ago 4
If we could alter one thing in out genetic code, wouldn't it be cool to alter this one?
Just imagine how much more healthy we would be in spite of our modern diets which are low in vitamin C IF we could synthesize our own?
Then toss in a mutation so we could dispose of uric acid for good measure!
zthustra 2 years ago 3
Would also make good sense for long space travels :)
ueks69 2 years ago 4
another Tombstone for ID-iots.
ueks69 2 years ago 2
That is not dead which can eternal deny... :P
DooMDrat 2 years ago
Coool!! Don't stop the videos!
opaldragon75 2 years ago
Very enlightening!
Science is so cool! 8D
Sanngot 2 years ago
VEry nice and informative. Me like.
rv186rs 2 years ago 3