@tommy714pham i just replaced the northbridge heatsink on my evga x58 ftw 3 the idle temps on this mobo were 58c but the heatsink was cold with told me it wasnt tranfering heat to the heatsink i uncrewed the n/b and the heatsink just fell off it was makeing terrible contact put on a logisys deepcool and the temps dropped 20c yes u should reaply tim or get a deepcool ur temps are very high 4 my likeing
@tommy714pham im assuming just your cpu is under water? dont be lazy bro i thought is was gonna be a big deal too but it wasnt bad at all it only took bout an hour to remove the board from the haf x remove the n/b cooler apply paste icdiamond install the new one and that included redoing all the cables in the case not bad at all just do it ull be happy u did and let me know what results u get
I'm currently using speedfan for monitoring temperatures. What software should i use to manually set the speed of my gpu fan? It's very quiet and i can surely crank it up but i just don't know which software i should get to do that for me.
many computer tech people are very disagreeable to me. 3dgameman is usually spot-on correct about everything. the only things i'd have to disagree with are his choices of some high-end hardware (not all)
Hi, never tried this i.e upgrading to an audio card, so bear with me. I have purchased a 5:1 creative sound card and have 2:1 logitech speakers. Is it a simple matter of putting the card in a spare pci slot and then plugging the little 2:1 into it? Yes?
Thanks so much for this video, as im trying my best to keep my gateway cool. I have added an antec spot cool per your recommendation, a rocketfish 80 mm case fan and a thermaltake slot fan for my graphic card, i plan on adding a memory cooler and maybe a hard drive cooler as well as maybe swap out my rocketfish cpu cooler or lap it to get a little better performance.
my shitty athlon 64 3500+ idles at 60-65 c and runs 72-78c load. its still chugging along, but boy am i ready for the phenom 2 x2. im a cheapo, i dont like to splurge on computers, it is a hobby, but i dont chose to spend half my paychecks on it lmao
when ur in the bios, ur idling... amd overdrive rates it a few degrees over, and speedfan isnt very accurate at all. get a fan controller with fan temperature guage if you are really that concerned...
i've got an Antec 300 tricked out with two 120mm fans in the front, one in the back, side and a 140mm in the top. my 320 sata hard drive runs at 28c, motherboard 26c,CPU 31c and GPU 42c
hey guys, I have a E8500, idle is 42 degrees celsius, load 50 celsius. Is this good? I don't have experience overclocking cpu, only gpu's. Its on a stock fan...
my q6600 2.4 is at 45 idle...load 70...is that bad. i have zallman blue led cooler. can you guys recommend some better cooler for my cpu so i can overclock it to 3.0 ghz
some of the new cpu's can run higher without instability but it is a good idea to keep it below 70, if you got a e8400 65w with e0 revision people say it can get up to 85 without instability but that's pushing it.
I have a gigabyte 8600GTS which had passive cooling, or would normally run at about 57-65 degreec C not under load and up to 80 under load. I then got the Thermaltake Bigwater 760i liquid cooling system (3d Game Man has a review of this) and the Gigabyte Blue Eye graphics water block and now it runs at 45-50 degrees C not under load and 60-65 under load.
I use everest ultimate edition with the LCD screen on my G15 keyboard to monitor the temeratures and this is I think the best way to control them as you can check the temperatures of all the components of your system in one place any time even when in game :)
how often should i clean the pc? I use one of those compress air can to blow out dust build up. also is it safe to use that in power supply? i'm afraid it'll push the dust inward and/or fry myself (i pull the plug out of course but remember i read it still hold charges after the plug is pulled)
Compress air cans are best way to clean your pc. Anything like a plastic vacuum etc may contain static electricity which can damage your computer components. However if you wish to clean the power supply, I'd take the power adapter out, let the power supply sit there for a few hours to let all the build up of electricity to discharge itselve. Because even when the power is off power supplies still contain electricity. Then clean it gently and just put it back together again.
it does hold a charge, which is why when ever u are going near it... usually for repairs, upgrades, w.e... u should unplug it AND ground it(tap a metal screwdriver on it make sure its an insulated handle...lol) and it will lose it's charge... this if very important any time you open ur case because the smallest bit of static electricity can screw up ur processor/memory/gpu and I have even heard of a few cases of HDD malfuncs...
most hdd's these days have thermal sensors built in. you may have to enable "S.M.A.R.T." monitering in your BIOS, but Everest will read the temps if they're there.
Speed fan is really weird, it allways says the auxiliary is above 120 degrees Celcius, and that has to be a bug or somthing because everything else is below 20 degrees, except the GPU which is 47 degrees.
i think the stock was something like 500mhz or somthing like that, i set it to abou 750 and had the fan clocked max. ive never used ntune since because it constantly freezes my computer.
luky me i hve the Vh6000LBWS have a grea airflow ... and i can put more fans if i want to so i can have more airflow.. well now i noe the basic of the temperaure ... ..
my computer got so warm that when i logged on world of warcraft it blew my hair and fat of my body it also burned my house down and now im a skinny bold houseless man.
laptops usually get quit high at torture tests, since they usually dont have so good cooling. Laptops arent desinged to run torture tests. Well you shouldnt worry, it usually doesnt reach that high right?
A few months maybe a year ago you had a cpu cooler, that used dc power to pull heat from oneside of a plate setup to the other, making the cpu side very cold and the heatsink side very hot. What's that called?
Use riva tuner for overclocking and monitoring of video cards. Set fan speed manually in this program. For 9800 GX2 70% fan speed is optimal between noise and optimal cooling.
Problem in GX2 is that if temperature reaches 100c one GPU will shut down. So you will have poor performance.
Everest is commercial stability test. Use Prime95 or OCCT for stability test.
Q6600 will work fine up to 80c. At stock clock with stock cooling temps in full load will be 70c in sumer. That is G0, B3 will get even hotter.
If you get North Bridge below 60c on nForce 750i, 780i and 790i you are wizard. Even with water cooling you will not be able to get it below 70c. Problem with south bridge is SLI. Video cards will get SB hot. Put 40mm fan on SB.
lol. here we see a noob uh? ofc u can get it below 70 with watercooling, u can do that on air too. mines only 58 with air.. so stop talking shit.. and Q6660 wil not work "fine" at 80c..dont listen to this noob
You are noob. I am long time member of overclocking community. You should know that minimal voltage of NB to get something of Q6600 is 1.4v-1.55v. Threshold of 65nm Quad is 95c you dick head. But if you keep your cpu at this temp for long time you will lose transistors, which will eventually kill your CPU.
Threshold is at 95c. You can benchmark till 95c. When you clock Q6600 to 4.2 on air for superPI or 3D Marks it will hold. Is that so hard to understand?
You can not run it at thouse seetings 24/7, but you can banchmark.
You people do not elaborate anything and you do not know anything, you just talk rubbish. I wasted enough time here.
I kept my q6600 on 3.6GHz for 24/7 with 75c reaching in full load perfectly stable for months. Either on X38 or 780i.
my first gpu sits at 60 degrees Celsius and my second sits at 50 and then my mobo sits at 50 and my cpu sits at 30 lol is that safe?
under load gpu hits atleast 75 for both id say
theyash06 1 month ago
Comment removed
theyash06 1 month ago
Speccy is free
intermaniax1 1 month ago
I have a x58 sli3 with the north-bridge around 60-72c should I replace its tim????
(artic mx-4) / 4.2ghz
should I just go water cooling or add a fan?
tommy714pham 10 months ago
@tommy714pham i just replaced the northbridge heatsink on my evga x58 ftw 3 the idle temps on this mobo were 58c but the heatsink was cold with told me it wasnt tranfering heat to the heatsink i uncrewed the n/b and the heatsink just fell off it was makeing terrible contact put on a logisys deepcool and the temps dropped 20c yes u should reaply tim or get a deepcool ur temps are very high 4 my likeing
asus3571 5 months ago
@asus3571 thanks man imma go replace it next time i upgrade my pc, kinda lazy to open it up again since i have water cooling on it.
tommy714pham 5 months ago
@tommy714pham im assuming just your cpu is under water? dont be lazy bro i thought is was gonna be a big deal too but it wasnt bad at all it only took bout an hour to remove the board from the haf x remove the n/b cooler apply paste icdiamond install the new one and that included redoing all the cables in the case not bad at all just do it ull be happy u did and let me know what results u get
asus3571 5 months ago
@asus3571 aight im let u know.
tommy714pham 5 months ago
I'm currently using speedfan for monitoring temperatures. What software should i use to manually set the speed of my gpu fan? It's very quiet and i can surely crank it up but i just don't know which software i should get to do that for me.
Scott97169 10 months ago
At least 3 120mm? Better more? I have 2 80mm and everything is fine with an overlocked Q8200 and an overlocked GTX460 o.O
48734A 1 year ago
many computer tech people are very disagreeable to me. 3dgameman is usually spot-on correct about everything. the only things i'd have to disagree with are his choices of some high-end hardware (not all)
schmidtbag 1 year ago
Hi, never tried this i.e upgrading to an audio card, so bear with me. I have purchased a 5:1 creative sound card and have 2:1 logitech speakers. Is it a simple matter of putting the card in a spare pci slot and then plugging the little 2:1 into it? Yes?
nzer48 1 year ago
For the CPU... Isn't about 70°C acceptable for a Prescott core above 3.0GHz? They run hot... (Meaning some of your Pentium IVs and Celeron Ds)
DeltaPhi79 1 year ago
thank u very much
moh5002 2 years ago
Thanks so much for this video, as im trying my best to keep my gateway cool. I have added an antec spot cool per your recommendation, a rocketfish 80 mm case fan and a thermaltake slot fan for my graphic card, i plan on adding a memory cooler and maybe a hard drive cooler as well as maybe swap out my rocketfish cpu cooler or lap it to get a little better performance.
rauleeter 2 years ago
Thanks for the informative video. I appreciate the time you took to make this.
AndyTheAlienman 2 years ago 4
cooler master HAF 932, cooler master V8, Really cool for air
Mr937595 2 years ago
Everest says 40, CPU Fan says 42, and Bios says 52, which one is the best?
Ooh and yeah, 80 c on a laptop, is that good?
WackoX1337 2 years ago
my shitty athlon 64 3500+ idles at 60-65 c and runs 72-78c load. its still chugging along, but boy am i ready for the phenom 2 x2. im a cheapo, i dont like to splurge on computers, it is a hobby, but i dont chose to spend half my paychecks on it lmao
foxracer927 2 years ago
This has been flagged as spam show
Nice work. keep it up. mean time come for social media marketing for esteembpo**com #LINK#
jeamsanna 2 years ago
My BIOS says 29c for cpu, AMD overdrive says 44c, and speedfan says 39c. So what one should a go by?
kyled728 2 years ago
Use the average of all three?
Xplodz 2 years ago
thanks
kyled728 2 years ago
when ur in the bios, ur idling... amd overdrive rates it a few degrees over, and speedfan isnt very accurate at all. get a fan controller with fan temperature guage if you are really that concerned...
foxracer927 2 years ago
can you give me the link to everest wap side?
musa0217 2 years ago
very good and informative video.
i've got an Antec 300 tricked out with two 120mm fans in the front, one in the back, side and a 140mm in the top. my 320 sata hard drive runs at 28c, motherboard 26c,CPU 31c and GPU 42c
ital901 2 years ago
Is negative Air Pressure Okay? Or should I turn all my fans accept some around to intake?
Noobsrock8 3 years ago
Try to have a constant airflow. Intake in the front and outlet in the back.
csmaster65 2 years ago
hey guys, I have a E8500, idle is 42 degrees celsius, load 50 celsius. Is this good? I don't have experience overclocking cpu, only gpu's. Its on a stock fan...
Turk013 3 years ago
its fine.. little hot but pretty normal.. if you do want to overclock.. you need a better cooler
panther98291 2 years ago
Im already at 3.8ghz... I will buy a different cooler and overclock more. xigmatec dark knight i believe is the name
Turk013 2 years ago
It's alright if you don't plan on overclocking
G0dyo 2 years ago
my q6600 2.4 is at 45 idle...load 70...is that bad. i have zallman blue led cooler. can you guys recommend some better cooler for my cpu so i can overclock it to 3.0 ghz
gippula 3 years ago
some of the new cpu's can run higher without instability but it is a good idea to keep it below 70, if you got a e8400 65w with e0 revision people say it can get up to 85 without instability but that's pushing it.
mysteriousjustin 3 years ago
whoa i think something may be broken but mine says 10c for the cpu and i use air cooling
dual36 3 years ago
my temp usally is 15C to 25C with air cooling.
planetsheep2 3 years ago
15C with air cooling?
The air being cooler than your room? Or is your room normally >15C?
Usernamelimitistoolo 3 years ago
its always cold in my room. and my pc is like a airplane x'D its has so many fans
planetsheep2 2 years ago
Lol :P
ownagenewb111 3 years ago
What happens if it gets below 25^C?
showusyacrit 3 years ago
You make it seem that having components under 25°C is bad :P
Th1x4nG 3 years ago 2
anyway, to monitor temperatures you shouldn't use a fan speed program.
singularity3 3 years ago
my motherboad runs at 48c idle,stupid no name case.
wildwolves8 3 years ago
Coretemp is better than speedfan.
singularity3 3 years ago
why is it better?
(i havent used it before, i use speedfan)
jmoyet 3 years ago
speedfan is often inaccurate
singularity3 3 years ago
yeah it does rarely go from normal temp readings to -01C then back to normal readings..
but i just close it out and launch it again and it stays normal.
jmoyet 3 years ago
that isnt what i meant, get coretemp and compare the results.
singularity3 3 years ago
there is temp offset in the advanced settings
core temp doesnt control fan speed. and it wont even read my intel cpu.
Speedfan reads almost everthing with a temp sensor on it and it can control almost every fan on almost all computers that have fan control options.
jmoyet 3 years ago
my cpu has a fucked up sensor and itll say its 19c then change to 30c then to 50c in like 5 seconds xD
i dont really think its the sensor, i think its everest
phuKKah 3 years ago 2
get speedfan. i have it and it works great!
jmoyet 3 years ago
i don't know how to work speedfan lol.
BrianJensen 3 years ago
once you install it go to the start menu/ all programs/ speedfan there will be an easy to follow manual.
jmoyet 3 years ago
"d4rksektor - You didn't mention thermal electric cooling."
I was just about to say the same, no Peltier cooling was mentioned.
And other temp programs: Core temp, Real temp, HWMonitor.
Lotsi19 3 years ago
I OC'd my girlfriend's Q6600 to 3GHz and it runs around 33C :)
azcn2503 3 years ago 3
mobo and settings ???
asxefv 3 years ago
Your girlfriend has a Q6600? Why?! She's a girl all she uses is a computer for is myspace and MSN.
rtsjoe 3 years ago 13
lol OCed my gfs E8400 to 3.6Ghz, Must be a man thing, More power than will ever get used. Just like suped-up cars! :P
harrybo17 3 years ago
It's a waste of electricity to unnecessarily overclock. I'd rather underclock then (to save electricity), and overclock when it's needed.
Chrijz 3 years ago
@rtsjoe if thats true, then we men must only use our computers for porn. =P
kght222 10 months ago
@kght222 That is correct.
rtsjoe 10 months ago
I use Everest and Speedfan they both give me different temperature readings. D:
Saphothere 3 years ago
Heh... My CPU temp is 108degC... why is my computer not on fire yet?!
DemonmachinE 3 years ago
0o 0o 0o
deanmm09 3 years ago
what program were you using to read the temp?
because that reading cant be right
jmoyet 3 years ago
everest ultimate edition.
phuKKah 3 years ago
Antec 900 ftw!
vidgameman334 3 years ago
Ok, check it out I made my first HTML page
supersonicmd dot com
tell me what u think
Mikola2385 3 years ago
Very informative 3DGAMEMAN! I think you should write a book. :)
acefight3r 3 years ago
a book on computer components? doesnt sound like a good idea. well... maybe if its virtual, on a website, so he can update it.
terogweth 3 years ago
Rodney you fogot to mention the software motherbord vendors supply
Gainstrup 3 years ago
ur really awesome 3DGAMEMAN!
PRODVDi 3 years ago 2
I have a gigabyte 8600GTS which had passive cooling, or would normally run at about 57-65 degreec C not under load and up to 80 under load. I then got the Thermaltake Bigwater 760i liquid cooling system (3d Game Man has a review of this) and the Gigabyte Blue Eye graphics water block and now it runs at 45-50 degrees C not under load and 60-65 under load.
Lvaneede 3 years ago
i agree 100% with everything u say
nick4634 3 years ago
I use everest ultimate edition with the LCD screen on my G15 keyboard to monitor the temeratures and this is I think the best way to control them as you can check the temperatures of all the components of your system in one place any time even when in game :)
RafaLL92 3 years ago
how often should i clean the pc? I use one of those compress air can to blow out dust build up. also is it safe to use that in power supply? i'm afraid it'll push the dust inward and/or fry myself (i pull the plug out of course but remember i read it still hold charges after the plug is pulled)
gamebozco 3 years ago
Compress air cans are best way to clean your pc. Anything like a plastic vacuum etc may contain static electricity which can damage your computer components. However if you wish to clean the power supply, I'd take the power adapter out, let the power supply sit there for a few hours to let all the build up of electricity to discharge itselve. Because even when the power is off power supplies still contain electricity. Then clean it gently and just put it back together again.
happytodd 3 years ago
it does hold a charge, which is why when ever u are going near it... usually for repairs, upgrades, w.e... u should unplug it AND ground it(tap a metal screwdriver on it make sure its an insulated handle...lol) and it will lose it's charge... this if very important any time you open ur case because the smallest bit of static electricity can screw up ur processor/memory/gpu and I have even heard of a few cases of HDD malfuncs...
CorruptReaper 3 years ago
Where would a sensor be placed for the hdd temp. or is software available like for the cpu?
timg455 3 years ago
I'll put the sensor on the cover side and not the circuit board side.
happytodd 3 years ago
most hdd's these days have thermal sensors built in. you may have to enable "S.M.A.R.T." monitering in your BIOS, but Everest will read the temps if they're there.
bdgilber 3 years ago
Speed fan is really weird, it allways says the auxiliary is above 120 degrees Celcius, and that has to be a bug or somthing because everything else is below 20 degrees, except the GPU which is 47 degrees.
gotnoodle 3 years ago
ha... on my 8800gts 320 mb, i got 72c when i tried overclocking and playing crysis on max. ON VISTA. AND GOT 20FPS! FOR 2 MINUTES
CrdBrdProjects 3 years ago
I cant believe your GPU is at 72c. I got the exact same video card and its running 31c constant. I have 3-120mm and 1-100mm.
happytodd 3 years ago
yay vista... what did u over clock it to?
I'm running Radeon 1950 XTX and I can run Crysis on max at about 45-60 FPS online, ur Card(S) should smoke mine
CorruptReaper 3 years ago
i think the stock was something like 500mhz or somthing like that, i set it to abou 750 and had the fan clocked max. ive never used ntune since because it constantly freezes my computer.
CrdBrdProjects 3 years ago
my q6600 at 3.825 ghz on air get to 64c on load. 68 on max load, but 64 is in crysis.
pwnagizer1 3 years ago
My PC heats the room in winter! Lol!
Rowdyeh 3 years ago 2
so does mine
sp1epiphany 3 years ago
and summer -.-'
shaolindreams 3 years ago
Nice LOL
matttttar 3 years ago
Thought a large side fan screws up the motion of the front to back motion of how air moves.
SmartedPAnda 3 years ago
you should change your profile pic it always reminds me of delivernce lol
canvoodoo 3 years ago
Neg airflow is better i think... if air is constantly being sucked out, than no hot air can pocket around
kchuk 3 years ago
ya lol with my antec sonata 3 theirs only 2 fans and the rear fan is powerful. so basically it wouldn't make a difference weather i had more or not.
tapoculos 3 years ago
This comment has received too many negative votes show
yea...idk what this guy is talking about...
kchuk 3 years ago
luky me i hve the Vh6000LBWS have a grea airflow ... and i can put more fans if i want to so i can have more airflow.. well now i noe the basic of the temperaure ... ..
i glad this guys review it ..
McParcero 3 years ago
You look tierd u better go and rest...
2CoolF0rSch00l 3 years ago
my computer got so warm that when i logged on world of warcraft it blew my hair and fat of my body it also burned my house down and now im a skinny bold houseless man.
craztabakarakakabakbak
magneticflux 3 years ago
the board i got abit at8 32 the pwm/north bridge
can go up to 100deg C
it realy depends on your stuff
like amd can go hoter tahn intel
staticxmako 3 years ago
cool lemme come over so i can make soup!
BrianJensen 3 years ago
rofl it gets hot
staticxmako 3 years ago
laptops usually get quit high at torture tests, since they usually dont have so good cooling. Laptops arent desinged to run torture tests. Well you shouldnt worry, it usually doesnt reach that high right?
Ballero0 3 years ago
My laptop has got to up to 74 dagrees C on a tourture test. Is it ok for laptops to get hotter than desktops?
motorcrossmaster101 3 years ago
it is ok for laptop's to get hotter because when u squeeze many components in a small space;)
sashaalx03 3 years ago
when you squeeze many components in a small place means less heat is developped, not that it can take more heat
bettes 3 years ago
Great Q/A Rodney!
Keep'em commin'... :)
SoNDiKo 3 years ago
A few months maybe a year ago you had a cpu cooler, that used dc power to pull heat from oneside of a plate setup to the other, making the cpu side very cold and the heatsink side very hot. What's that called?
SmokeScreen37 3 years ago
Antec 900, or even the 1200, or my favourite the NZXT Tempest will solve this problem.
Benczuur 3 years ago
those are good cases, also the CM 690 is a very good case with up to 7 120mm'fans!
792247 3 years ago
I hate the LED's the antec has...What if your trying to sleep? It would drive me crazy
ZomgZintos 3 years ago
the antec 900 is more of a vacuum cleaner than a case :|
it draws dust like crazy
sashaalx03 3 years ago
check my pc
vids
coolermasterstacker 830=pwns the antec 900
staticxmako 3 years ago
I love the "Keep your questions coming. *Big smile*" part.
o0subzero0o 3 years ago 2
good info. thanx a lot!
mealexxx 3 years ago
Your so goofy mate. Im loving these better than your reviews.
How are we getting these questions to you through the forums or PM'ing you?
I am currently dealing with heat problems in my pc and need to monitor them stat!
1stNightingale 3 years ago
my display card temperature is at around 65°C when idle...... even when i turn up my fan to 80% its still around 65°C.... anyone can help?
P.S. im using Radeon x1650pro
mulogo 3 years ago
Use riva tuner for overclocking and monitoring of video cards. Set fan speed manually in this program. For 9800 GX2 70% fan speed is optimal between noise and optimal cooling.
Problem in GX2 is that if temperature reaches 100c one GPU will shut down. So you will have poor performance.
Everest is commercial stability test. Use Prime95 or OCCT for stability test.
func911 3 years ago
Q6600 will work fine up to 80c. At stock clock with stock cooling temps in full load will be 70c in sumer. That is G0, B3 will get even hotter.
If you get North Bridge below 60c on nForce 750i, 780i and 790i you are wizard. Even with water cooling you will not be able to get it below 70c. Problem with south bridge is SLI. Video cards will get SB hot. Put 40mm fan on SB.
func911 3 years ago
lol. here we see a noob uh? ofc u can get it below 70 with watercooling, u can do that on air too. mines only 58 with air.. so stop talking shit.. and Q6660 wil not work "fine" at 80c..dont listen to this noob
SimonLANO 3 years ago
You are noob. I am long time member of overclocking community. You should know that minimal voltage of NB to get something of Q6600 is 1.4v-1.55v. Threshold of 65nm Quad is 95c you dick head. But if you keep your cpu at this temp for long time you will lose transistors, which will eventually kill your CPU.
func911 3 years ago
"dick head". Lol stress. Nice video again, good job.
lnVerTeD 3 years ago
??? Did u even watch the clip?
Nice clip Rodney, and keep em comming! :P
okue91 3 years ago
95°C?
Try to play a game with 95°C :D
wow your so cool!!
rodney is a expert and your a noob
Lachsi 3 years ago
Threshold is at 95c. You can benchmark till 95c. When you clock Q6600 to 4.2 on air for superPI or 3D Marks it will hold. Is that so hard to understand?
You can not run it at thouse seetings 24/7, but you can banchmark.
You people do not elaborate anything and you do not know anything, you just talk rubbish. I wasted enough time here.
I kept my q6600 on 3.6GHz for 24/7 with 75c reaching in full load perfectly stable for months. Either on X38 or 780i.
func911 3 years ago
Cascade cooling is one possibility as well, but dont think you'll be running that in normal use :D
Ryggis 3 years ago
These are indeed very helpful, thank you very much.
JackaFord 3 years ago
how do you send this guy questions?
thearmoredfatboy 3 years ago
You didn't mention thermal electric cooling.
d4rksektor 3 years ago
thx man this stuff is very helpful!!
ropebarslecht 3 years ago