Well, a little bird (Life: The Science of Biology, 8th edition) told me. Chapter 11, section 11.4 (page 249): "The observed error rate of one for every 10^5 bases replicated would result in 60,000 mutations every time a human cell divided. Fortunately, our cells have at least three DNA repair mechanisms at their disposal:" - and it goes on to list Proofreading, Mismatch Repair, and Excision Repair.
This is for DNA errors for eukaryotes. For prokaryotes, the rate is an order of magnitude higher, because the speed of replication is an order of magnitude faster.
If you're talking about mutations, chapter 12 section 12.6 (pp 277-278) offers this nugget of wisdom: "The frequency of mutation is much lower than 10^4 base pairs per DNA replication, and sometimes as low as one mutation per 109 base pairs per replication."
I was shocked when I discovered how low the error rate was, considering the numbers of DNA and the speed at which it is split and transcribed.
To me it is UNNERVING that this stuff is going on in most of the cells of your body 24-7-365, at that small of a scale, and at such speed. Biology has been a real eye-opener for me.
Imagine a giant of 100 feet tall, and a midget of 3 feet.
I bet the midget will be faster than the giant in terms of body movement (not traveling in distance).
The smaller something gets, the faster it becomes and therefor less mass has to move, so i think that is why.
Of what i said before about DNA starting not just right on the beginning of the string, means that it's going to loose information during the copy-process which can not ever be retrieved afterwards.
Your concept of size is referred to as "surface area-to-volume ratio" and is precisely the reason why these transactions become so quick and efficient.
With respect to the errors, DNA polymerase 1 comes back by later to excise and repair problematic DNA pairings. So while there's a "copy-check" (for lack of a better term) functions, there're enzymes that give a second look at the DNA to perform a "QA" check.
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eduardoDU848 10 months ago
video escroto u.u
karenkelly88 11 months ago
Isso é replicação e não transcrição. -.-"
moisesdasilvalima 1 year ago
Esse processo é o de REPLICAÇÃO do Dna e não de o de transcrição....
lagash7 2 years ago
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grreeknick 2 years ago
Comment removed
grreeknick 2 years ago
interesting song choice...
johnnywootkins 2 years ago 2
Great design from God. Obviouse for anyone to see.
Shazoolo 2 years ago
urmmmmm no
jnewbon00 2 years ago
Clearly Thor deserves our praise
danbison 2 years ago
it's indeed obvious... that we don't have a great design at all hehe.
Just look at the double heart-system to the brain and body... totally faulty if you ask me.
The heart has no backup-support system to fall back upon if all fails.
Also, when copying DNA, information gets lost withing the proces, until it reaches a critical level and faults start to form which we call "cancer".
Great design? Eat my back.
gunblade64 2 years ago
You haven't got the slightest idea about which you're talking.
1 mistake in 1 billion replications is VERY sound performance. It IS a great design.
grreeknick 2 years ago
You are telling me that i haven't got the slightest idea. Oh well.
You don't have any argumentation to proof me wrong either.
Who told you the chance to mistakes within replica's is THAT small in relation to the good replica's?
gunblade64 2 years ago
Well, a little bird (Life: The Science of Biology, 8th edition) told me. Chapter 11, section 11.4 (page 249): "The observed error rate of one for every 10^5 bases replicated would result in 60,000 mutations every time a human cell divided. Fortunately, our cells have at least three DNA repair mechanisms at their disposal:" - and it goes on to list Proofreading, Mismatch Repair, and Excision Repair.
grreeknick 2 years ago
This has been flagged as spam show
This is for DNA errors for eukaryotes. For prokaryotes, the rate is an order of magnitude higher, because the speed of replication is an order of magnitude faster.
If you're talking about mutations, chapter 12 section 12.6 (pp 277-278) offers this nugget of wisdom: "The frequency of mutation is much lower than 10^4 base pairs per DNA replication, and sometimes as low as one mutation per 109 base pairs per replication."
grreeknick 2 years ago
Now there is an answer :)
Just assuming that the book is correct :
I thank you for the info.. i will look it up somewhere.
gunblade64 2 years ago
I was shocked when I discovered how low the error rate was, considering the numbers of DNA and the speed at which it is split and transcribed.
To me it is UNNERVING that this stuff is going on in most of the cells of your body 24-7-365, at that small of a scale, and at such speed. Biology has been a real eye-opener for me.
grreeknick 2 years ago
It's fast because it can :)
Imagine a giant of 100 feet tall, and a midget of 3 feet.
I bet the midget will be faster than the giant in terms of body movement (not traveling in distance).
The smaller something gets, the faster it becomes and therefor less mass has to move, so i think that is why.
Of what i said before about DNA starting not just right on the beginning of the string, means that it's going to loose information during the copy-process which can not ever be retrieved afterwards.
gunblade64 2 years ago
Your concept of size is referred to as "surface area-to-volume ratio" and is precisely the reason why these transactions become so quick and efficient.
With respect to the errors, DNA polymerase 1 comes back by later to excise and repair problematic DNA pairings. So while there's a "copy-check" (for lack of a better term) functions, there're enzymes that give a second look at the DNA to perform a "QA" check.
grreeknick 2 years ago