Added: 4 years ago
From: dante314159
Views: 142,092
Sort by time | Sort by thread (beta)

Link to this comment:

Share to:
see all

All Comments (432)

Sign In or Sign Up now to post a comment!
  • I am proud to say that I have actually seen this machine in operation. When you are actually there the clicking noise has more of a thud sound to it on top of the ticking noise. Sounds more like the heartbeat of the machine whilst it works. It was a great privilege to see this amazing piece of history working. What many of you don't realise is that many of those valves that are glowing away on that computer date back to the late 1940s!!!!

  • Let's remember Tommy Flowers, UK Telephone Engineer with UK Postal Service, for the design and development of Colossus. Colossus was the first programmable computer and it broke the code of Hitler's Lorenz encryption device used by Hitler and his high command. After WWII Tommy Flowers just disappeared into obscurity within the UK Postal Surface.

  • @MsTruNorth At least he was present when they first switched on the rebuilt Colossus. :-)

  • @deepblue69uk Yes, that was something. But there is something wrong about Flowers and his team being forced by State secrecy to forego what should have been the patent rights to a lot of the innovation they developed. Alan Turing got a lot less than he deserved too. What's odd is they gave Turing an OBE (when surely everyone at Bletchley Park pretty much suspected he was gay, but did not consider him a security risk) and chemically castrated him when it became officially known.

  • paper clip pops up 11011101110010110101110011?

    dont try to decode its just random

  • the repetitive chopping sound has a sinister, ominous quality to it

  • @GrizzlyRecoveryZone1 The bombe, a Polish design improved by Alan Turing and a college at Bletchly Park to break the Enigma Naval Code, used to make a ticking sound. Hence, the term "bombe". Also, an homage to the original Polish design that had been named after a European desert "the bomb.

  • Okay, some people claim that the COLOSSUS, which was made in England, was the first PC ever, while others think that the American ENIAC was the first one. I'm not sure.

  • @MacGyver920 COLOSSUS was 3 years before ENIAC so of the 2 it was the first.

  • @quarkwrok And I think I read somewhere that people experimented with computers in Britain even BEFORE COLOSSUS!

  • @MacGyver920 The Poles developed a computer to break Enigma. I don't know if they lacked time to complete it before Hitler invaded Poland or why it was not completed. Alan Turing and a colleague at Bletchley Park improved on the Polish design so it could break the German Naval Enigma Code within minutes. This was "the bombe". Colossus was developed after "the bombe" by Tommy Flower, UK Postal Services telephone engineer, to break the Lorenz encryption used by Hitelr and his high command.

  • @MsTruNorth Interesting. Thank you.

  • @MacGyver920 The distinction is not "the first PC," but the first programmable computer. The distinction accurately belongs to England's Colossus (design by Tommy Flowers with decryption expertise support from William Hutte).  Eniac walked away with the distinction for many years, simply because Colossus was kept a very tight secret for more than 40 years after WWII because the Brits were using it to break the Sovierts' code similar to Lorenz.

  • @MsTruNorth Wow, thanks.

  • Although primitive, this design is still incredibly complex and would take a good three hours or so for an uninitiated person to understand. It only goes to show how incredibly sophisticated pieces of engineering our everyday computers are.

  • It has 15K of memory, you can barely write a Microsoft page per hour.

  • @MenwithHill It also happens to be the reason why Microsoft exists.

  • @HisMight1. And so it's primitive. That's the point. Do you expect early technology to be all shiny & sleek? It was the the fastest computer in the world. It could read 5000 characters per second. Thermionic valves were the only hardware, along with other telephony equipment, available. What would you have built in those circumstances?

  • @HisMight1 I find it amusing that your IQ is lower than that of a mentally challenged moth.

  • @mrmemanme do they really have a number for the moth? let alone a mentally challenged one? i like your comment.i thought the u-boat code was cracked cause they got there hands on an enigma machine,as i think they were called. the brits didn't just have a brainstorm session,they had an actual code machine they captured from the nazi's...i think hismight1 got his facts wrong.

  • @slowuroll2000 thanks :D yeah the royal navy captured an enigma machine on U boat, but once bletchely park had it they still had to work out how it worked and how to crack it, it took several brilliant minds to crack it. However that was only enigma, the Germans also began to use "tunny" which was a sort of super enigma which had 1.6 million billion different potential combinations, and the egg heads at bletchley park cracked it first by HAND! and then more efficiently with a computer.

  • @mrmemanme , actually Enigma machines in 1939 were already in the hands of the Polish and French secret services, which passed them over to the British, along with early codebreaking machines ("Bombs")

  • @Hippophilee evidence, PLEASE!

  • @mrmemanme, of course. The memoirs of general Bertrand (1973), "Enigma ou la plus grand énigme de la guerre 1939–1945" (Paris, Plon) ; Władysław Kozaczuk (1984), "Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher was Broken" ; Paul Paillole (1985), "Notre espion chez Hitler, Paris, Laffont (Paul Paillole was a senior officer in the French military IS in 1939, and kept working with the British under Vichy); and others.

  • @Hippophilee ok but i odnt think they had navy grade enigmas

  • @mrmemanme, The Poles and French' main concern was the German army and air force, much more than the Kriegsmarine – a big difference with the British islands! The French navy counted more on its radars and on its ships' superior speed to check the Germans and Italians. Yet, they would evidently have developed their own cryptanalysis machines… had they had the time!

  • I LOL at the USA who claimed they invented the worlds first computer in 1946... FACEPALM!

  • @HisMight1 You would want to, dirty rag head.

  • @HisMight1 I have never been to America. I don't know what you are talking about. The british cypher crackers notably Turing however pretty much allowed shipping to re-establish by finally allowing the out-smarting of the U-Boats, and this in turn allowed the D-Day invasions to occur.With out them, the war might have been lost.

  • "1.4GHz laptop digested ciphertext at a speed of 1.2 million characters per second—240 times faster than Colossus. If you scale the CPU frequency by that factor, you get an equivalent clock of 5.8 MHz for Colossus. That is a remarkable speed for a computer built in 1944."

    From Bletchley Par dot org

  • I thought the first electronic computer was seclidos.

  • @EpicTwistedOne. What's seclidos?

  • @DickHBox Sorry i was getting confused with colossus and on of the first network connections ever.

  • @EpicTwistedOne NP. But I still don't know what 'Seclidos' was. :)

  • @DickHBox It was one of the first network connections between modern computers.

  • I would contend that the first practical computer, of any type, was the Antikythera Mechanism. In the modern era, the Mechanically Interlocked Lever Frame is arguably the first practical & widespread binary computing machine. They are an analogue device in a mechanical signalbox, that prevent conflicting traffic movements being set. The first mechanical interlocking was installed in 1843 at Bricklayers' Arms Junction, in the UK.

  • Contrast ENIAC with this, the yanks had a shit load of cash to throw at the problem, the Brits had some man in a shed at the GPO knock it up with a few valves (well 2400, compared to ENIAC's 18,000), on his tea break. The British Govt, then took the unfathomable step of keeping it secret 'till the mid 70's, where as the Yanks, de-classified their work, straight after the war, & very generously gave guided tour to anyone who was interested, thus helping kick start the whole IT industry.

  • @yakacm Minor amendment, as part of the war effort, the British Government gave the US the technology to build ENIAC free, gratis along with the Jet Engine, and in return the US Government charged the British Tax Payer for every rivet and every bullet supplied under the Lend Lease arrangement that was put in place before they were forced to get into the conflict by the Pearl harbour attack. The debt was finally paid off in 1997 every cent, and then they screwed us with useless mortgages.

  • cool story bro.

  • can it run crysis?

  • Stfu apple fanboy. This vid is about the colossus. Go spam elsewhere!

  • Regarding Steve Jobs,he was an extrodinary individual,one might look back to his call,when he was 12yr old,toBill Hewlett,for spare parts;Steve Wozniak and Jobs were the buds of the start.Ever see a Apple1 Computer,Jobs sold 50 of Wozniaks computer, and Helett Packard soon discovered their mistake, to release Wozniak to the Micro world and Steve Jobs forcefulness. Free enterprise,They started the home computer run.

  • You guys mocking its lack of spec are just disrespectful. Without this computer and advent of valve technology, we may not have the advanced computer world we have today.

  • @AstuteClass We also would have had trouble reading the Lorenz cypher. As a large proportion of that is still secret, we can only imagine what information Colossus gave us, but if it's anything like the bombes breaking the Enigma, it would be pretty important.

    Also, I think Colossus is one of the most beautiful pieces of engineering I've seen. Compare that to the relay machines of the thirties, and it's a stellar leap

  • Remember boys and girls , these old computers didn't just start the computer revolution, they where central to the defeat of the nazis, saving millions of lives and very possibly saving the jewish people , and maybe even democracy itself, from extinction.

  • @MrShayneOneill maybe. maybe. uh, the nazi agenda isn't defeated yet... nazi was a product of the Vatican and Monarchy, they funded it all, both those agencies still exist today, so, no, it wasn't defeated actually...

  • Were's the mouse? And the computer screen? and the key board? and the dvd drive ?

  • so freaking cool

  • Being a computer pro since the mid 70's, I have such respect for those that understand these remarkable first machines, and can operate them just like those that invented them.

    Those that were born after 1990 just have no idea what it took to develop and program these machines, you just had to be there. What we have today is testament to their incredible insight with such limmited technology by today's standards. The electronics in these machines were made from mostly tube technology!

  • why you insult the older computers this is the problem you insult old computer old people but why? you know that this is what led to the new fast computers you know that the old led to the new or are you just randomly insulting

  • @wassimzombi Its cool to have these old machines but you must admit its a waist of time and energy trying to keep them running for a very small group of human kind interested in the old machines.................i loved my pen 4 machine but its a heap of shit so i upgraded.

  • Sick computer! Will it handle me playing Crysis?

  • Simply amazing. I just cant imagine how much of a leap forward this was at the time. It would be like building a human level intelligence machine today staggering!

  • RIP Tony Sale (1931-2011). Great work rebuilding Colossus and helping save Bletchley Park. You'll be greatly missed.

  • This is an amazingly complex electromechanical computer! To the present day user our modern day computers seem much simpler, but internally they are even a lot more complex.

  • @jerryg50 Yes, more complex in logic, but not building terms. The complexity of todays computers relies only on the amount of transistors on the die. The thing is that the computers we have today, doesn´t take advantage of "real" engineering and inventing, it is more "improve the given", like gasoline car engines. They got more horsepower, but the base is a nearly hundred years old design.

  • @lotUsCherry27 Sorry but you just didnt said what you had to say well you have to say it in the AVGN style

    Holy piece of dog with an amount of chess on the bottom shit this is how Angry video game Nerd would have said !

  • does this have a hard drive.

  • @Denvermorgan2000: No, it used mercury sound delay lines, an acousitic impulse was coupled into one end of a long mercury filled pipe, and when the wave appeared at the other end, it was amplified and reinserted at the beginning, so a 50msec latency hard disc track was emulated. There were several such lines in parallel, I'm not sure how many, so a "some track hard disc" was realised.

  • ENIAC > Colossus

  • @omgz0rtbh fat lot of good Eniac was in the war effort though, having being completed in 1946 .

  • This video gets much better with CC on...

  • colosus would also run a created algorithm to find the correct key crack.

  • History of modern computer

    1936- Z1 created, first freely programmable computer in world

    1941- Z3 created, first working programmable,fully automatic computer

    1942- ABC computer created, first electric digital computer

    1943- Colossus computer created, first combining digital, programmable, and electric computer

    1948- BABY created, first stored program computer

  • OHEMGEE THIS IS SOOO COOLL!!

  • This makes me want to watch the twilight zone.

  • hmm this sure seems populay on YT but i must say AheM POSHIE!!

    151 people are either old or POSHIE!!

  • "Has Hitler a big bratwurst?"

    "Colossus says no."

  • mehhh...the Z3 was the first one

  • Haha - also interesting is that in about the last four centuries we've gone from defect-free computer hardware/software to over 3,000 defects is a software system.

  • @nathandelane You forgot to mention premature hardware failures as well. ATi graphics adapters suck!!!

  • interesting..in less than a century went from a room size computer to a palm size one....

  • @ultramegatrion Yeah, and using its power for watching Videos on Youtube. A very useful improvement..

  • i tht that eniac was the first computer a

  • @wellivea1

    Colussus came out 3 years earlier..

    nevermind ...

  • upgrade it to trillions muiltiplyed by trillions of fast switching relays and it mite be close to a slow computer

    u should try make it play some music

  • @soulmasterdw yeah but it at least it was faster than any American computer at the time..

  • more importantly... Will it blend?

  • they sure aint make em like they used to

  • Please also look for Konrad Zuse - he build the first binary computer.

  • "Why do we all have to wear these RIDICULOUS ties?"

  • @curadomovies "Do you know who ate all the donuts?"

  • hahahaha at 5 mins u can see it does 1 calc per second ahahahaahh rofl

  • @hubzcaps The colossus machines were capable of around 3000 calculations per second.

  • @SericX is that like 3khz?

  • dude this is so awsome u have no idea

    

  • This thing blows my mind how it can actually compute anything. it's crazy where we came from

  • takes 5 years to start. (five years later)

    A PROBLEM HAS BEEN DETECTED AND WINDOWS 18 HAS BEEN SHUT DOWN SO GO FUCK YOURSELF

  • I think the person talking is the Curator of the museum, If you want to see whom I suspect to be the same person, search for a TV programme Called

    The Secret Life of: The Word Processor. Channel 4 UK.

  • @Mikej2156 Tony Sale (I think)

  • windows seems to have made little progress since then..

  • ... and it has a top ram of 1kb!

  • @Justeazy8 nope more like .0000000000000005 bytes

  • @devhook23 Maybe you should Google just how much a byte actually is.

  • @Justeazy8 its actually a decent estimation, being that one kilobyte would be about 2 million electrical pulses.

  • @Justeazy8

    OH GOD NO

    it would have WAAAAAAAAAAAAY less than THAT.

    (maybe)

  • @ChessPieceRook

    Horray for uncertainty! xD

  • @Justeazy8 les.

  • @Justeazy8 At the time, no-one couldn't think of anything that could ever take any more than 1kb of ram.

  • @sivadfa Nah, it would have just taken too long and too much money to build it and required too much power and servicing.

    Besides, code cracking doesn't require too much working memory, it's mostly serial processing. Some clever brains to work out what the cipher is in the first place and a fast enough machine that can continually re-run the job with different input codes to said cipher and therefore produce intelligible plaintext whilst the information is still usefully fresh is more important

  • @Justeazy8 more lik -1 byte

  • @Justeazy8 infact that wasnt even possible on the colosus i think, cus the apple II had 1 or 2 KB RAM, and was made in 1981 or so

  • @Justeazy8  NOOOOOOOOOO 1 BYTE!

  • HE'S TALKS AS CONFIDENT & ELEGANT AS, THIS COMPUTER IS STATE-OF-THE ART IN PRESENT TIME...

  • @epcenter5hz Although it is old, this is a state-of-the-art computer. I bet that engineers today probably cannot remember how to build it. We in present-time do not have have the mechanical skills that we did in the past. It is all electronic.

  • @ScioFantasia

    its a relay computer we have more skills to build it

  • @animesis

    One times the Z3 is not digital, now they is not electrical ... what is the next execuse??? Next time they is not real or what???

  • In 1942 russians hade a electronic computer to calculate distance for guns to shoot against germans

  • @sanderrodijk

    The German Z3 is from 1941 ;-)

  • @sanderrodijk that were analog computers -.-

    @wikipedia wiki/Analog_computer

  • @QBMan a computer is a computer

  • @QBMan Any device that can compute numbers is technically a "computer". Even analog computers still do their job.

  • @madjimms But theres no electronic. its electric ;)

  • @QBMan -_- Who says it has anything to do with electricity?

  • @animesis

    And by the way, American English is a little bit different from the British English. This you even learn in the school ... ok, in a German school ...

  • @couteau86

    Thus I said its not country specific, anyone can edit it and thus there are British English phrases, American English phrases, Australian and more, but no particular Wiki for an English country specifically.

  • if you type in porn it prints out a booby

  • @Starfighterking

    Oh ... ok ... i see ... the British Wiki speak from electro-mechanical ... it is even shit, if foreigen people only know the propaganda of ther countrys ;-) ... so sorry, but British Wiki lie!!! The Z3 was electro-digital and not electro-mechanical!!! :-)

  • @couteau86 Wrong! And please, go in Kindergarden!

  • @Starfighterking

    Sorry idiot, but every German knows, that the Z3 was digital. And if you do not want to believe it, than visit the Konrad Zuse Museum and you will see, that the Z3 is electro-digital and not electro-mechanical ... as i wrote, it is even shit, if you only belive the bullshit from the British Wiki, that is writen by other idiot. Only there you find this fals info :-)

    And as i wrote, ABC = not free programmable, Z3 = free programmable ... think abou it ;-)

  • @couteau86 thanks for idiot and now go to Kindergarden.

  • @Starfighterking

    The only answer??? And than you say to my, that i shall go into a kindergarten???

  • @couteau86

    the Z3 uses relays, an electromechanical switch

    the Z4 also uses a mechanical memory -thus they are electromechanical not electronic

    and the first electronically programmable was the BABY (Manchester)

    the first programmable automatic was the Z3

  • @couteau86

    can you please stop calling it the British wiki, it is NOT British and anyone from ANY country can write on it and edit the submission if it is wrong,

    if you are correct about the Z-series, put it on wiki, and im sure a few million people will either accept it as correct or fix it for being wrong

  • @animesis

    I speak from the British languages Wiki :-)

    And sorry, if you will not belive my words, than come to Germany, go into the Konrad Zuse Museum and find out more. There you even can find a official plaque, that the Z3 was the frist real computer in history (it make no differens if the management occur by electromechanical or with electrical relays, becuase they do the same)

  • @couteau86

    it is not British.... it is International English, IE a mix of both and is done by speakers of English worldwide

    there is only an English version and toher languages, no specific English country one

    There is No such thing as the first computer, its originally a term to mean someone who works numbers

    First Programmable Automatic - Z3 - NOT electronic ; electromechanical

    First electronic - Berry

    First electronic/programmable - Baby

    and what of Babbages Difference Engine? or an abacus?

  • @couteau86

    it makes a huge difference to being firsts in lines of computing! one is eletronic the other is electromechanical

    put a motor on Babbages difference engine - its an electromechanic computer

  • @animesis

    Sweethart, also a important fact, that make a calculator to a computer is, that the machine is FREE PROGRAMMABLE!!! If this is not given, than it is no computer!!! And sorry, the Colossus was not free programmable and, thimple reason, Colossus = no computer!!!

    Next thing, the Z3 also was the first "computer", that works after the binary number system. And big sorry for you, i have investigated and the Z3 use relays. Compare pics of the Z3 and Colossus and you will notice the equals

  • @couteau86

    It was programmable by switches and relays, I wont argue its the first computer but its the first programmable AND electronic computer. Z3 maybe first programmable, but its not the first electro'nic'.

    Collosus uses vacuum tubes, there is not a single relay on the machine

    The definition of computer is defined by Turing completess, Z3 was the first turing complete computer (but not electro'nic') however Babbages Analytical Engine would have been if it had been built.

  • @couteau86 the relays are plan as day -electro-mechanical

    Collosus uses Vacuum tubes not relays, I have seen this this with my eyes, and I only need to see a pic of Z3 and its blatently clear that is uses relays.

    You dont even need to be an electric engineer to know wat a relay and a valve is, just research it...

  • @animesis

    Clear, not eletronic, clear, right :-D

  • The Atanasoff-Berry Computer was the world's first electronic digital computer. It was built by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at Iowa State University during 1937-42.

    On October 19, 1973, US Federal Judge Earl R. Larson signed his decision following a lengthy court trial which declared the ENIAC patent of Mauchly and Eckert invalid and named Atanasoff the inventor of the electronic digital computer -- the Atanasoff-Berry Computer or the ABC.

  • @Lepsaeus Yes, ABC is also very very important and Eniac too! And yes, ABC was the first full electronic digital computer!

  • @Starfighterking

    Why can this nobody understand??? Yes, the Atanasoff-Berry-Machine was electrical, yes, the Atanasoff-Berry-Machine was digital, but they was NOT FREE PROGRAMMABLE. The German Zuse Z3, from the same year like the Atanasoff-Berry-Machine also was electrical, digital, but, and this is realy important, they was FREE PROGRAMMABLE ... and the 3 things, that make a calculator to a computer are 1. electrical 2. digital and 3. free programmable ... Zuse Z3 = first REAL computer!!!

  • @couteau86 not correct! z3 was mechanical-electro, also z4 and no real computer is mechanical! and programmable only with punchcard. punchcard was invented by IBM. zuse never earned a patent on computer! zuse is german tv, newspaper and political propaganda. german peoples very owned!

  • @Starfighterking

    Stupid nope, get your facts right!!! The Zuse Z1 was mechanical, the Z3 was digital!!!

  • @couteau86 WRONG! z3 and also z4 was mechanical-electro and only operated with motor! and z1 and z2 was full mechanical and not worked! the first real digital computer was realy Atansoff Berry Computer 1937-1941.

  • @Starfighterking

    punchcard has been used on musical instruments and old mechanics such as powerlooms for over a century before IBM!** but yes, this German is a fool

  • Actually... The Jacquard Head is a computer. Babbage is a bit over rated all he did was use the punch cards he saw on the Jacquard Head however he is extremely brilliant... and Ada Lovelace wrote the first operating system (its just an algorithm!).

  • While Colossus and Eniac are primative compared to today's machines, The Brain power and intelligence that went into building Colossus is no less remarkable and amazing than the engineers and scientists that build todays machines...I wouldn't know where to start.

  • First Computer/Calculator is UK (Charles Babbage) (Ada Lovelace)! And first PC is USA, (Xerox) or Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak  (Apple I). And Microchips (very important) is Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. (Texas Instuments and Intel with first Chips). And dont forget Bill Gates, with first real great Operating-System.

  • @couteau86 If it was so it would be known already. Read about John Atanasoff, he is the real inventor of the digital computer, in short, and no doubt. I am sorry that there is so much ignorance about computers' history.

  • @Lepsaeus

    It is not even the digital you nope. The 3 properties, that make a rake machine to a computer are: 1. electrical 2. digital and 3. free programmable. And the Colossus and even not the Atanasoff-Berry Machine was free programmable. The first machine, that meet all 3 properties of a computer was, is and will be the German Zuse Z3!!! Historical fact!!!

    As you wrote, you are a ignorant idiot, that has no idea about the history of the computer :-)

  • Comment removed

  • Comment removed

  • Comment removed

  • its funny how the allies breg about breaking the German Cyper look at what they needed to decode something soo small, the size of a cashregister

  • @absoluutrecords The Enigma Machine was not German, it was made by the Lorenz Co Switzerland, in the 1920s and was sold on the open Market for commercial purposes there is nothing clever about a tranposition machine. in the days before electronics repeating the same Function over and over was only tedious

    I think Lorenz was still making Teleprinters in the 1970s

  • None of the buttons you have to turn on because ladies waited by the doors, for such smart geek's like colossus operators.

  • Did you happen to be a guest on the show "The Secret Life of Machines" back in 1993 giving a demo of a computer called 'Pegasus'?

  • Excellent video. Fascinating and amazing computer. Jealous of anyone who can go to see it. I wish I could ''have a go on it''...Great stuff.

  • @MrsJosephMerrick i live in bletchley within an hour of bletchley park where collosus is based and its great you go into this building and you walk round seeing stuff like the first ever pcs and industrial computers the sise of clothes cabinets unfortunetaly you can use colossus you hould defenetaly come and see it

  • @wasps21 You actually have me drooling...Sounds even MORE interesting place to visit! Youre really lucky to live so near! Im not a computer geek, but I really get excited by this sort of stuff ""seriously addicted to computers"".Who knows perhaps one day I'll have the chance*dreams*

  • It boggles me that these machines did real world work? I feel so dumb that I have this computer at my finger tips and I don't have a clue on how to build an H-bomb or crack a code? I guess it really depends on a knowledgeable operator and not just brute force number crunching.

  • Colossus was COMPLETE electronic (!), and was fully programmable, also ENIAC, Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine, Modified ENIAC, EDSAC, Manchester Mark 1 and finaly CSIRAC, and some had even memory! This all Computers was the realy first Computers!

  • @Starfighterking Yes Colossus was fully electronic, etc. But the father, the pater of the fully digital computers is IINDESPUTABLY Atanasoff-Berry Computer. Don't overlook it.

  • Its amazing that now we can probably shove this whole computer on a single chip or command. WOW.

  • this reminds me of my computer that i am using right now

  • @CapitanoGUC

    zuse was a mechanical affair using relays. Colossus was the first *electronic* computer.

    please don't assert what you don't know.

  • @XtalQRP i dont - but you are rigth, that the first woking and programable computer th Z3 was of elektromechanikal nature. - i give you that ....

  • went to bletchley this weekend to see this working....well clever how they rebuild this....if you think the front of the machine looks impressive the back is unreal....