hey ExplosiveFist, your an idiot... this takes lots of conditioning to accomplish! and (Liemann) this is quite possibly the single most important measure of determining the damage that you can inflict in a fight. A coconut is about 20% stronger than the average human skull! Even a glancing blow to the cranium could severely injur an oponent.
It amazes me how the martial arts fraternity is full of retards! There is a huge difference between the art of breaking an inanimate object which is still & perfectly alighned at it's weak points and a living unco-operative opponent. Oh.. & one does not have to be able to break coconuts to severely damage a skull!
I agree with you... partially. But it takes Technique, Speed, AND Force to win a fight.
I'll send you a message. I always enjoy having a nice conversation with fellow martial artists. What style do you practice? Do you have any videos? I sincerely like finding intellegent people to talk about Kung Fu with.
Techniques will lose you fights! That's why most martial artists lose fights against good streetfighters! Techniques are for the dojo... behind every technique is an underlying fundamental principle, it is this that one needs to absorb, after which the technique becomes redundant! Most martial artists, unfortunately, never get beyond the technique. By understanding the principle you will generate your own techniques when required!
Speed, although a good thing to have, can cost some people power. I've seen many people throw a 100 punches in less then a minute, but they lack venom! Force can be manipulated & diverted & used against the person themself! I perfer to use the concepts of Distance, Timing & Body Movement!
Distancing will ensure I understand how to bridge/close/increase gap with my opponent. By timing my attack/counterstrike, I can generate tremendous power with little effort as opposed to speed/force. Take the analogy of baseball.. the player who hits the ball out of the park is the one who times his strike to the pitcher's throw & not strength/speed!
Finally, body movement.. If I learn to position my body at the correct angle where I have the best advantage I will always be able to generate a forceful strike to cause maximum damage! Link the three together & you'll begin to understand the art of war.
I practice Taiji & Bagwa, as combat arts for survival, not as most of the videos here care to show!
Hopefully, when you grow up a little & become wiser or actually experience being in a fight on the street where there are no rules you may see things differently! Yes, breaking coconuts requires conditioning & may feed the ego - doing it in a fight is another skill!
Hmmm, I have been in real fights. And I've spared many times with people of various styles, and I practice more than one style. I practice Wing Chun, Long Fist, and I've studied a little bit in Seven Star Praying Mantice... not to mention Kendo, Aikido, and Iaido. Have you been in a "real fight?" I'm not saying that being able to break a coconut makes you a good fighter, you do need to learn how to fight, but it is NOT "sheer physics." It's takes enormous power to smash a coconut.
Unfortunately, I have been in a few skirmishes... some due to my own naive stupidity as a young man & others which were forced upon me! I believe it is better to understand & truely absorb the principles of 1 or 2 balanced systems rather then learn several arts at a mediocre level. If you truely understand the principles behind your own art & then look at other systems you'll find a common thread... you'll no longer need to learn the others, your own will suffice!!!
You're wrong about losing power with speed... I train in Shaolin iron palm, and, because of that, all of my hits are forcefull. And, as far as technique goes, most (not all, some techniques are bogus) techniques are great ways to counter attack in certain situations. grappeling is a perfact example of this... if an oponent grabs your arm then there are several "techniques" that you can use to manipulate and entrap your oponent.
You misunderstand my point! Speed & Power are good! However, I said a lot of people who attempt to throw 10-20 rapid punches will start to lose power. The essence is to get timing! Speed & power are a part of timing! If your timing is correct all your blows will be forceful. You can be the fastest, most powerful person BUT if you can't time an attack your speed & power will be useless!
The sole purpose of any technique is to teach you a martial principle! I can show you a 100 different techniques to break a limb, however, they will all follow the same principle of "push/pull"! It's this principle that I need to absorb & understand. In battle while you are thinking technique, a good fighter will waste you as he will use the principle to instinctively generate a necessary technique! Bruce Lee did not believe in techniques!!
Have you ever studied the life of Bruce lee? He trained in MANY different styles in order to round out his training. No one style has it all. Long fist is a percusive style, for example. Wing Chun teches unique traping techniques. Aikido teaches throwing. See? All of my styles have a diferent porpose... so, nomatter what someone attacks me with, I'll know how to fight back.
Bruce Lee NEVER completed his Wing Chun training under Yip Man before leaving for the US! He learned the first form & part of the second. Upon arriving in the US he embarked upon self-study to fill in the blanks - that is why he looked at several systems! He was also an avid student of martial history, so naturally, he was predisposed to look at various systems. The problem with using him as an example is that we will never know the conclusion of his discoveries.
JKD was a work in progress - uncompleted! The Tao Of JKD contains Bruce Lee's notes - the interpretation is that of his students as it is they who compiled the book! I totally disagree with you that no one style has it all! I can name you several, however, to keep this short I will offer only 2 as an example, Wing Chun, because you say you've studied it & Baguazhang.
Wing Chun is not only about trapping & there is nothing unique about it's trapping skills, other systems have these just as well! The entire system, when taught correctly, contains iron shirt,strikes, locks, throws, kicks & grappling as well as weapons - what more do you want?
Wing chun doesn't have very many ground fighting techniques... If someone tackles me, how the hell am I supposed to kick them? Plus, speaking of kicking, the only kicks used in Southern Wing chun are ALL below the waist.
Not true! Not all of Wing Chun's kicks are below the waist! That it prefers to use low kicks is another thing. It has a very extensive ground fighting system. You need to find a better school if you haven't been shown this. Oh, & if someone tackles you, you don't have to kick them to stop them!
If you learn & are taught Wing Chun correctly, you should never have to go to an aikido class to learn throwing as the system already has it! Baguazhang, also, contains all of the above & then some! It just uses a different approach & could teach aikido a thing or two about throwing!
If you are having to go to another system to learn then you have either not been taught this or have not progressed far enough in your training!
Finally, admittedly, there are some specialist disciplines that don't have it all. e.g. What would a boxer know about kicking & grappling etc. He my have to study one or more disciplines to become a rounded fighter or a Judo person may study striking etc.
I'm willing to believe that no one fighter has it all, however, several styles have it all! If anything is lacking - It's usually within the fighter's understanding of a system!
Hmmm, I own the Tao of JKD. And I still believe that no one style has it all... I used to be a strickly Shaolin student, but then I realized that the sword techniques of Bushido were FAR superior to the Shaolin Broadsword techniques.
Please don't tell me that you believe Bruce Lee wrote the Tao of JKD! The book certainly contain his notes but they are merely a window to a specific time in his training while he was trying to plug holes! You cannot arrive at a conclusion as it was a work in progress - incomplete! We cannot say how or what he would have thought or if he'd change any views had he lived to complete his process.
It is wrong to compare the Bushido blade & the Broadsword as stylistically they are designed to behave & do different things! In the right hand both are deadly! You can certainly express a preference for one or the other. If there are any flaws they usually tend to be in the hand wielding the weapon due to a lack of understanding of the intricacies invovled!
Yes, I wholeheartedly agree with EhtOtam. No one style has it all...In fact it was because of this that Bruce even invented the "style" of Jeet Kune Do. He realized that the preferences and prejudices of the master are often transfered to the student, therefore causing the tachniques to become geared towards one person's prefered method of fighting.
Let Bruce Lee RIP! He is not alive to defend his thought process & his work is incomplete! Even some of his senior students have disagreements over what comprises JKD! So let's agree to disagree. I hope your training leads you to a path of peace. Good Luck!
Ok, I respect you as a brother in martial intrests. And I really enjoyed this conversation. I hope that one day you and I can come to an ultimate understanding of the principles of martial arts (and I admit that I'm FAR from it). Farewell!
This is because the system has a sound understanding that it is better to finish a fight standing on your feet, as opposed to the ground where other factors come in! BUT that does not mean it cannot defend on the ground!
im with isflohon. most pride fights i've seen included at least some sort of punch at that exact range, maybe sometimes even when a fighter was on top on the other on the floor, and they coul've used this palm
The strickers hands because in the erler UFCs these guys would hit people in the head and break there hands.
Also after you first hit some one in the head with a fist. Even if the hand does not break it is badly hurt. So from that point on ever hit thrown with that hand will be useless. Its real easy to sit in that recliner and say ow thats a trick. LOL let me see you do it then tell me it is usless. If you cant do then how do you realy know?
hahaha i are joking.... i can break through 9 inch of solid pine board with my punch. its called realy MARTIA ARTS traditional North Korean Taekwon-Do none of that olympic sport bullshit or this coconut crap
arman, Tae kwon do is not a traditional Karate, it is a newer form of martial arts that has most pieces of its techniques stolen from other forms. Shorin Ryu is the Original Kara-te, (okinawan style) and please do not feed me the tae kyong bullshit, because that is an art that supposedly existed but I still have yet to see proof, except for what people study from ancient writings and try to bring back the form, It is my experience that TKD is a very fraudulent form.
dont try to sound smart cause u just failed. taekwon-do is NOT karate, its its own martial art founded in 1955 by gen. choi hong hee of north korea. it has its own original moves as well as moves originaed from other martial arts so before u come and try to be and smart ass make sure u dont turn urself into a dumb ass
hahaha, martial arts is a karate. TKD was founded in 1948 and established in 55 I know all the bullshit. All of the technique in Taekwon do is stolen and not respected. I would like to see taekwon do martial artists break through solid cherry wood without "baking" them. Do not attack me about my Knwoledge of the Martial arts, I have been in it since I was the age of 3. and I would love to know, this solid 9 inches of pine wood was broken at your dojo, because if so, I will bet it was tampered.
Oh and how about you break through an actual "HARD" wood like oak or mahogony. How about you break through 15 cinder blocks without spacers like my sensei. It is common knowledge that pine wood is usually chemically treated or baked and when several pieces are broken at once they are spaced out with spacers so that it is MUCH easier to break. Why dont you mention breaking padio bricks or cinder blocks in your comment??? Oh and by the way a coconut is harder than Pine Wood. You need to learn
hahaha I figured you would reply with something of that nature, because All taekwon do martial artists back down or dont accept a challenge, and the ones who do lose...You are a loser for even starting this argument, I am no "keyboard warrior" Because I could take you out in real life.
You are another one of those people who would say. Coconuts dont hit back. Well you never hit one. And if you do it will hit you. I think you will brak your hand. Some one said to me once. Bruce Lee says that the best weapons are the headbutt, elbow, and knee. This is true for you normal people. But I say, headbutt a coconut. Hell try to elbow it or knee it.
My sensai refuses to let me condition my hands until I stop growing so me hitting a coconut wouldnt be good.
The best weapons for fighting are knees and elbows as you can cause a lot of pain with minimal effort or risk to yourself.
Head im not so sure about. For breaking techniques an iron palm is stonger than a hammer fist or elbow strike but you would be hard pushed to use an iron palm in a fight.
Oh and lighten up its the internet not a board meeting.
This is hilarious. If I ever get trapped on a desert island and coconuts are all I have to eat, I'll be glad I saw this video and learned how to open them up with just my hands.
People allways say to me. Coconuts dont hit back. Well let me see you hit one. I think it will hit you. It will hit your hand then your hand will break.
I really could use one of those in my kitchen
NightSnake 4 years ago
I can walk the streets safe now, knowing that any stationary coconuts are no match for me.
prophetezekiel 5 years ago
What does any of this have to do with the video?
igiveup82 5 years ago
I never have a problem fighting Coconuts, just those damn Pineapples!
Kanadwen 5 years ago
lol
Jonas427 5 years ago
What has this to do with self-defence? This is sheer physics, get real!!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
hey ExplosiveFist, your an idiot... this takes lots of conditioning to accomplish! and (Liemann) this is quite possibly the single most important measure of determining the damage that you can inflict in a fight. A coconut is about 20% stronger than the average human skull! Even a glancing blow to the cranium could severely injur an oponent.
meateatingmonk 5 years ago
It amazes me how the martial arts fraternity is full of retards! There is a huge difference between the art of breaking an inanimate object which is still & perfectly alighned at it's weak points and a living unco-operative opponent. Oh.. & one does not have to be able to break coconuts to severely damage a skull!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
I agree with you... partially. But it takes Technique, Speed, AND Force to win a fight.
I'll send you a message. I always enjoy having a nice conversation with fellow martial artists. What style do you practice? Do you have any videos? I sincerely like finding intellegent people to talk about Kung Fu with.
meateatingmonk 5 years ago
Techniques will lose you fights! That's why most martial artists lose fights against good streetfighters! Techniques are for the dojo... behind every technique is an underlying fundamental principle, it is this that one needs to absorb, after which the technique becomes redundant! Most martial artists, unfortunately, never get beyond the technique. By understanding the principle you will generate your own techniques when required!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Speed, although a good thing to have, can cost some people power. I've seen many people throw a 100 punches in less then a minute, but they lack venom! Force can be manipulated & diverted & used against the person themself! I perfer to use the concepts of Distance, Timing & Body Movement!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Distancing will ensure I understand how to bridge/close/increase gap with my opponent. By timing my attack/counterstrike, I can generate tremendous power with little effort as opposed to speed/force. Take the analogy of baseball.. the player who hits the ball out of the park is the one who times his strike to the pitcher's throw & not strength/speed!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Finally, body movement.. If I learn to position my body at the correct angle where I have the best advantage I will always be able to generate a forceful strike to cause maximum damage! Link the three together & you'll begin to understand the art of war.
I practice Taiji & Bagwa, as combat arts for survival, not as most of the videos here care to show!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Hopefully, when you grow up a little & become wiser or actually experience being in a fight on the street where there are no rules you may see things differently! Yes, breaking coconuts requires conditioning & may feed the ego - doing it in a fight is another skill!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Hmmm, I have been in real fights. And I've spared many times with people of various styles, and I practice more than one style. I practice Wing Chun, Long Fist, and I've studied a little bit in Seven Star Praying Mantice... not to mention Kendo, Aikido, and Iaido. Have you been in a "real fight?" I'm not saying that being able to break a coconut makes you a good fighter, you do need to learn how to fight, but it is NOT "sheer physics." It's takes enormous power to smash a coconut.
meateatingmonk 5 years ago
Unfortunately, I have been in a few skirmishes... some due to my own naive stupidity as a young man & others which were forced upon me! I believe it is better to understand & truely absorb the principles of 1 or 2 balanced systems rather then learn several arts at a mediocre level. If you truely understand the principles behind your own art & then look at other systems you'll find a common thread... you'll no longer need to learn the others, your own will suffice!!!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
You're wrong about losing power with speed... I train in Shaolin iron palm, and, because of that, all of my hits are forcefull. And, as far as technique goes, most (not all, some techniques are bogus) techniques are great ways to counter attack in certain situations. grappeling is a perfact example of this... if an oponent grabs your arm then there are several "techniques" that you can use to manipulate and entrap your oponent.
meateatingmonk 5 years ago
You misunderstand my point! Speed & Power are good! However, I said a lot of people who attempt to throw 10-20 rapid punches will start to lose power. The essence is to get timing! Speed & power are a part of timing! If your timing is correct all your blows will be forceful. You can be the fastest, most powerful person BUT if you can't time an attack your speed & power will be useless!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
The sole purpose of any technique is to teach you a martial principle! I can show you a 100 different techniques to break a limb, however, they will all follow the same principle of "push/pull"! It's this principle that I need to absorb & understand. In battle while you are thinking technique, a good fighter will waste you as he will use the principle to instinctively generate a necessary technique! Bruce Lee did not believe in techniques!!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Have you ever studied the life of Bruce lee? He trained in MANY different styles in order to round out his training. No one style has it all. Long fist is a percusive style, for example. Wing Chun teches unique traping techniques. Aikido teaches throwing. See? All of my styles have a diferent porpose... so, nomatter what someone attacks me with, I'll know how to fight back.
meateatingmonk 5 years ago
Bruce Lee NEVER completed his Wing Chun training under Yip Man before leaving for the US! He learned the first form & part of the second. Upon arriving in the US he embarked upon self-study to fill in the blanks - that is why he looked at several systems! He was also an avid student of martial history, so naturally, he was predisposed to look at various systems. The problem with using him as an example is that we will never know the conclusion of his discoveries.
Continued..
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
JKD was a work in progress - uncompleted! The Tao Of JKD contains Bruce Lee's notes - the interpretation is that of his students as it is they who compiled the book! I totally disagree with you that no one style has it all! I can name you several, however, to keep this short I will offer only 2 as an example, Wing Chun, because you say you've studied it & Baguazhang.
Continued...
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Wing Chun is not only about trapping & there is nothing unique about it's trapping skills, other systems have these just as well! The entire system, when taught correctly, contains iron shirt,strikes, locks, throws, kicks & grappling as well as weapons - what more do you want?
Continued...
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Wing chun doesn't have very many ground fighting techniques... If someone tackles me, how the hell am I supposed to kick them? Plus, speaking of kicking, the only kicks used in Southern Wing chun are ALL below the waist.
EhtOtam 5 years ago
Not true! Not all of Wing Chun's kicks are below the waist! That it prefers to use low kicks is another thing. It has a very extensive ground fighting system. You need to find a better school if you haven't been shown this. Oh, & if someone tackles you, you don't have to kick them to stop them!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
If you learn & are taught Wing Chun correctly, you should never have to go to an aikido class to learn throwing as the system already has it! Baguazhang, also, contains all of the above & then some! It just uses a different approach & could teach aikido a thing or two about throwing!
If you are having to go to another system to learn then you have either not been taught this or have not progressed far enough in your training!
Continued..
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Finally, admittedly, there are some specialist disciplines that don't have it all. e.g. What would a boxer know about kicking & grappling etc. He my have to study one or more disciplines to become a rounded fighter or a Judo person may study striking etc.
I'm willing to believe that no one fighter has it all, however, several styles have it all! If anything is lacking - It's usually within the fighter's understanding of a system!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Hmmm, I own the Tao of JKD. And I still believe that no one style has it all... I used to be a strickly Shaolin student, but then I realized that the sword techniques of Bushido were FAR superior to the Shaolin Broadsword techniques.
EhtOtam 5 years ago
Please don't tell me that you believe Bruce Lee wrote the Tao of JKD! The book certainly contain his notes but they are merely a window to a specific time in his training while he was trying to plug holes! You cannot arrive at a conclusion as it was a work in progress - incomplete! We cannot say how or what he would have thought or if he'd change any views had he lived to complete his process.
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
It is wrong to compare the Bushido blade & the Broadsword as stylistically they are designed to behave & do different things! In the right hand both are deadly! You can certainly express a preference for one or the other. If there are any flaws they usually tend to be in the hand wielding the weapon due to a lack of understanding of the intricacies invovled!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
And that wing cun had a much more practicle aproach to upright grapeling (trapping, sticky hands, etc.) so I picked up on that as well.
EhtOtam 5 years ago
Yes, I wholeheartedly agree with EhtOtam. No one style has it all...In fact it was because of this that Bruce even invented the "style" of Jeet Kune Do. He realized that the preferences and prejudices of the master are often transfered to the student, therefore causing the tachniques to become geared towards one person's prefered method of fighting.
meateatingmonk 5 years ago
Let Bruce Lee RIP! He is not alive to defend his thought process & his work is incomplete! Even some of his senior students have disagreements over what comprises JKD! So let's agree to disagree. I hope your training leads you to a path of peace. Good Luck!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
Ok, I respect you as a brother in martial intrests. And I really enjoyed this conversation. I hope that one day you and I can come to an ultimate understanding of the principles of martial arts (and I admit that I'm FAR from it). Farewell!
meateatingmonk 5 years ago
This is because the system has a sound understanding that it is better to finish a fight standing on your feet, as opposed to the ground where other factors come in! BUT that does not mean it cannot defend on the ground!
ExplosiveFist 5 years ago
You can't use this in a fight. It's not like you can tell you foe to stop, so that u can get a good alignment and a free punch.
I've seen Lacy break cocos with the inside of his forarm, thats impressive!
Liemann 5 years ago
im with isflohon. most pride fights i've seen included at least some sort of punch at that exact range, maybe sometimes even when a fighter was on top on the other on the floor, and they coul've used this palm
even if it landed the hand it wouldn't be good
mazdaplz 5 years ago
The strickers hands because in the erler UFCs these guys would hit people in the head and break there hands.
Also after you first hit some one in the head with a fist. Even if the hand does not break it is badly hurt. So from that point on ever hit thrown with that hand will be useless. Its real easy to sit in that recliner and say ow thats a trick. LOL let me see you do it then tell me it is usless. If you cant do then how do you realy know?
ISFLohon 5 years ago
hahaha i are joking.... i can break through 9 inch of solid pine board with my punch. its called realy MARTIA ARTS traditional North Korean Taekwon-Do none of that olympic sport bullshit or this coconut crap
armanmlm 4 years ago
coconuts are harder to break then skulls. but you are right he should be shattering a coconut with one strike
Sweetistan 4 years ago
Breaking a coconut in one strike in incredibly difficult. Even when it is done very well it usually breaks in two.
BlackDice572 4 years ago
honostly its not that hard truly ih u have proper palm strike and a hard hand u can do it
armanmlm 4 years ago
arman, Tae kwon do is not a traditional Karate, it is a newer form of martial arts that has most pieces of its techniques stolen from other forms. Shorin Ryu is the Original Kara-te, (okinawan style) and please do not feed me the tae kyong bullshit, because that is an art that supposedly existed but I still have yet to see proof, except for what people study from ancient writings and try to bring back the form, It is my experience that TKD is a very fraudulent form.
jim3274 4 years ago
dont try to sound smart cause u just failed. taekwon-do is NOT karate, its its own martial art founded in 1955 by gen. choi hong hee of north korea. it has its own original moves as well as moves originaed from other martial arts so before u come and try to be and smart ass make sure u dont turn urself into a dumb ass
armanmlm 4 years ago
hahaha, martial arts is a karate. TKD was founded in 1948 and established in 55 I know all the bullshit. All of the technique in Taekwon do is stolen and not respected. I would like to see taekwon do martial artists break through solid cherry wood without "baking" them. Do not attack me about my Knwoledge of the Martial arts, I have been in it since I was the age of 3. and I would love to know, this solid 9 inches of pine wood was broken at your dojo, because if so, I will bet it was tampered.
jim3274 4 years ago
Oh and how about you break through an actual "HARD" wood like oak or mahogony. How about you break through 15 cinder blocks without spacers like my sensei. It is common knowledge that pine wood is usually chemically treated or baked and when several pieces are broken at once they are spaced out with spacers so that it is MUCH easier to break. Why dont you mention breaking padio bricks or cinder blocks in your comment??? Oh and by the way a coconut is harder than Pine Wood. You need to learn
jim3274 4 years ago
you know what keyboard warrior ur the master done.
armanmlm 4 years ago
hahaha I figured you would reply with something of that nature, because All taekwon do martial artists back down or dont accept a challenge, and the ones who do lose...You are a loser for even starting this argument, I am no "keyboard warrior" Because I could take you out in real life.
jim3274 4 years ago
Awesome the next time a coconut picks a fight with me ITS DEAD!
Abusivemelon 5 years ago
You are another one of those people who would say. Coconuts dont hit back. Well you never hit one. And if you do it will hit you. I think you will brak your hand. Some one said to me once. Bruce Lee says that the best weapons are the headbutt, elbow, and knee. This is true for you normal people. But I say, headbutt a coconut. Hell try to elbow it or knee it.
ISFLohon 5 years ago
My sensai refuses to let me condition my hands until I stop growing so me hitting a coconut wouldnt be good.
The best weapons for fighting are knees and elbows as you can cause a lot of pain with minimal effort or risk to yourself.
Head im not so sure about. For breaking techniques an iron palm is stonger than a hammer fist or elbow strike but you would be hard pushed to use an iron palm in a fight.
Oh and lighten up its the internet not a board meeting.
Abusivemelon 5 years ago
This is hilarious. If I ever get trapped on a desert island and coconuts are all I have to eat, I'll be glad I saw this video and learned how to open them up with just my hands.
Eblaxer 5 years ago
have you even seen Granmaster Lacy's videos??? besides the ones on here?!
hcwcrash 5 years ago
Grandmaster Lacy is cool too!!!
hcwcrash 5 years ago
Coconuts don't fight back
mangus7175 5 years ago
People allways say to me. Coconuts dont hit back. Well let me see you hit one. I think it will hit you. It will hit your hand then your hand will break.
ISFLohon 5 years ago