Added: 2 years ago
From: rmoss15
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  • How did you measure the velocity of the exhaust?

    As for the sulfurs effect on the propellant it acts as a catalyst and lowers the ignition temperature (as I have learned in my experiments with flash powder) a common Ratio for Nitrate flash is 5:3:2 (KNO3:S:Al) I would use the finest aluminum you could find, try Pyrotechnics companies online like Skylighters or Starmolecule <---(that's all they sell)

    and if you don't melt it first before casting your grain i would highly recommend it .

  • @rhelbren The effective velocity of the exhaust is found by dividing the total impulse (Ns) of the motor by the mass in kilograms of fuel that is burned in the test.

  • I feel stuipid asking this, and im probaly not gonna get a responce. But what would happen if you didnt add sulfer, just aluminum

  • @BuddytheChimp When only aluminium is added, the fuel does not seem to burn hot enough to ignite it or doesn't supply enough oxygen when in a motor casing to support combustion. It may also be that the sulfur reacts with the aluminium in some way that causes it to combust. Either way, without the sulfur the aluminium doesn't ignite but i'm not exactly sure why.

  • what was you nozzel?

  • did you have an excess of kno3? The Al plus some finely powdered iron oxide incorporated first, will increase the temp of the fuel. This may cause peak pressures above your design. 

  • @DAFANNIN yes a slight excess of KNO3 was used in this propellant

  • @rmoss15 Can you tell me how you prepare the fuel, and the ratio? I don't know what's more effective, the fuel that you just mix in powdered form, or the one that you combine homogenously?

  • i liked the last one

  • was it compacted or cooked ????

  • Please describe how you made the second formula. If you used "flowers of sulfur" you are lucky it didn't blow up when mixing. I learned the hard way to use sulfur flour instead.

  • @bulruq I bought my sulfur from a chemical supply as "99% pure lab grade"

  • @rmoss15 You third test with aluminum added looked like a finer grade of Al powder would have given better burning. Did you melt the second formula as usually done with 'candy' propellants?

  • How did you make the nozzle out of the clay and do you have to make a new nozzle for each motor or is it reusable? Thanks in advance

  • @randy12368 I use the same clay for nozzles too; add just enough water to the dry powder to form it into the consistency of 'Play Dough'. Compress it into shape onto a core inserted into the casing and let dry thoroughly. If the dough is too wet it shrinks and will not properly adhere to the sides of the casing. The clay is cheap! You can get it at any good hardware store or home center, it's called 'Rock Hard" and is used as wood filler. Reusing nozzles isn't necessary or advisable.

  • Still making rockets? Great Work :)

  • did you fake up the information (avg thrust , max thrust, etc)?

  • @stevenliang96 No i used a load cell that put the thrust information into an excel file and worked out the other statistics from that.

  • where would one be able to buy KNO3? is there any form sold commercially? and great video :)

  • @pablo105diablo Too many people try to make it themselves but you can actually get it commercially from local pharmacies. Try to find a "compounding" pharmacy, they are used to selling large quantities of random chemicals. And don't be surprised if you get shot down a couple of times, I had to go to 4 different pharmacies before I found one that would sell it to me. They were all the same chain too, except for some reason they all had different rules of what they can and can't do

  • how long into the cooking process did you add the sulfur?

  • I like the 2nd one...it would be interesting to see the thrust curve for that.

  • Would adding powdered magnesium improve things?

  • @Sprekitek Not as much as powdered aluminum, which is much cheaper to boot!

  • why the hell are there even dislikes wtf. 3 ppl are gay as f

  • Compacted or cooked??

  • @rmoss15 when you mixed the aluminum powder and sulfur, did you cook all together?? if not, how did you mix them?

  • youtube.com/watch?v=YmDBRFnVGq­M

  • iyour exhaust velocity can't be higher than the speed of sound without a special nozzle!!

    speed of sound: 343.2 m/s

    your velocity: ~800 m/s

  • @007lugi stupid motherfucker is saying something ridiculous

  • @ExtremeCrackhead sorry for fucking your fat stupid mother

    

  • press 1,4,7 for all three results

  • hi please help me i have done every thing on all other youtube channels but i am not getting any thrust plese can you help

  • First of all amazing,subbed and liked second what casing did you use and how did you make it thanks!!!

  • @AnonOPify The casing was 15mm ID PVC pipe with bentonite clay as the nozzle and end plug.

  • @rmoss15 Thanks but would it possible if you make a vid on how to make a kno3 and sugar rocket engine with what material etc

  • @rmoss15 PVC? shit, how didn't it melt when the fire was on? o.O

  • If you make the rocket motor longer will you gain more thrust/ avg thrust?

  • @seldian That depends on the size and shape of the fuel grain, if it is long with a core you obtain an enormous amount of thrust (if the casing can handle the pressure) and if it is longer with only a partial core you will get a higher initial thrust with a longer lasting low thrust period.

  • @rmoss15 By core and partial core do you mean how far i drill down the center?

    

  • @seldian yes thats right

  • Excellent tests!

  • How did you pack the fuel in the rocket????

  • Hey how fine was your Aluminium?

    You may get a more stable burn with 2500 Mesh+ (5micron)

  • how you built the nozzle

  • how u make it

  • @Izardtian I got mine at an incense shop for $4 a lb. Find a local wican incense store I'n your area, or a gardening supply store.

  • where do you get sulphur these days???

  • @izardtian It's also a fertaliser and good for treating some types of infections so you can find it everywhere.

  • @izardtian If you're having trouble finding some, you can find it cheap on Amazon.

  • Lol, #3 was badass.

  • how do you make the nozzle?

  • that was sick

    

  • What causes the disruptions? Are impurities / clots blocking the nozzle on and off?

  • How did you do to find the exhaust velocity ?

  • @PyroTimo This is a previous comment @nickalisse You find the Isp by dividing the Total Impulse (Ns) by the Mass of the propellant (Kg) and dividing by 9.8. e.g 40 Ns from 35g of propellant would be 40 divided by 0.035 = 1142.8571 1142.8571 divided by 9.8 = an Isp of around 117 sec Multiplying the Isp by 9.8 or just leaving out the the division of 9.8 in the sum leaves you with the effective exhaust velocity. = ~1143 m/s
  • @rmoss15 Very nice !!!! Thank you a lot !!

  • @rmoss15 More effectivley, you could divide by 0.981, It's only 1 decimal place but gravity is considered to be 0.981. Just a little help.

    Also, Can we get a Tutorial on it if you already havn't got one. (Searching now).

  • What was the size of your nozzle and tube? And was it PVC? Great tests. thanks for the upload.

  • @DittoHead667

    Nozzle Diameter = 4-5mm

    Tube = 22mm OD and 18mm ID

    Yes it was PVC

  • its cooked,or only compacted?

  • wowowoowowowow !!!! Fantastic It's very power !!!

  • Needs more oxygen in the burn.

  • can you make R candy with chlorate???

  • @Caswalle I have not tried that, but it does not work with NH4ClO4 as the fuel does no solidify when in a usable mixture and does not burn very stable.

  • @Caswalle I tried a whole load of times but all i ended up doing was burning myself repeatedly

    chlorate mixtures are very easy to set off so it just exploded in the pan when i was stirring it and burnt my hand lol

  • @blahdob sorry for giving you that idea...

  • @Caswalle nah i did it years ago,

    I've got KNO3 now though and it's much more successful, just buy some off the internet ^^

  • I think that how fine the aluminum is has something to do with it. I think that when the water is present the aluminum should be added with the sulfur. Once it becomes a past, I would add red iron oxide. That usually cuts the burn time in half, and in theory twice the thrust. I don't see how adding red iron oxide ever gets hot enough to produce a reaction seen from thermite.  Maybe, the sulfur will get it hot enough. It's not composting well enough. A higher temperature equals more thrust.

  • how doy you make that the begining of the rocket burn strat rellay fast like explosion ? you put some black powder?

  • @XBiteABulletX No black powder, just good grain geometry.

  • @rmoss15 Can you send me a tutorial or some pics please?

  • @XBiteABulletX you don,t want tutorial from this guy

  • how do you calculate impulse,max thrust,avg thrust,specific impulse and the exhaust

    valocity?

  • What is the length and diameter of your nozzles.

  • that third one was powerfull !

    nice tests

  • really helpful! 

  • So I assume you're not fresher at rocketry. )

    I've got the direct link to ROBUST amateur research on aluminised candy for you (in Russian with local autotranslation link), but I can't post it here - it seems to be forbidden here...

  • @schabanow Yeah, I know the one it's by Serge Pipko I think and he added it to the KN/Sorbitol propellant.

  • @rmoss15 Yes I meant his work. I read it several years ago and almost forgot its details. I reread it now and recall that main trick there was pretty high (for paper casing) pressure required in combustion chamber to burn aluminum. Sorbitol + aluminum doesn't work properly in light weight flying motors. I don't know whether he test any catalytic addition and sugar instead sorbitol.

  • @rmoss15

    Now I work on cheap sugar nozzless sparky micromotors (cast-iron dust), for pyrotechnical purposes. It doesn't work for now in the motor too, but I suspect in the nearest future I'll solve the problem.

  • @schabanow I have done experiments with nozzless rockets and found that to obtain enough pressure for a reasonable amount of thrust and Specific Impulse the fuel grain needed to be very long and only cored for 3/4 of the length of the grain. (I had a lot of problems with the grain shooting itself out of the casing because of the pressure behind the grain). Good Luck with your experiments.

  • @rmoss15 Wow... Contrary I think nozzless motors MUST entirely substitute traditional ones. Almost completely! There is no generally accessible and distinct theory on the subject so far, but I suspect some physical mechanism does work (and perfectly) of combustion chamber pressure and Kn' natural regulation...

    I cannot understand why your motors spit their grains - probably some technological mistakes... It is of great surprise for me to learn about your problem with nozzless motors.

  • @rmoss15 For last two years I make nozzless sugar of 15 .. 50 g motors almost exceptionally. Many dozens of launches - no CATO.

    No inhibition - bound grain. No thermal insulation. No nozzle. => More fuel and less casing. => Almost the same total impulse... What else an amateur rocketeer can wish?

  • @rmoss15 Hole core I make just through the whole grain' length, up to bulkhead. Bulkhead' end of the grain always inhibited by epoxy bulkhead : resin just over the fuel (core hole is fixed up with a lttle ball of my daughter' plasticine). I use cheap ordinary epoxy - it fastenes in about thwehty minutes under 40W bulb (1 .. 2 cm from bulb' glass).

    Hey, just try and enjoy it ! Forget and forgive all those nozzles - just enjoy your hobby! ))

  • @rmoss15 End burner is the only exception regarding nozzle / nozzless dilemma for me. But end burner's range of application is rather narrow because of acceptable thrust' impossibility - for second stages only I think... For there is no affordable amateur mixtures with burnrates of cm/sec' level.

    It's a pity, but life's going on! )

  • Are you aquainted to Richard Nakka Rocketry Site? I'm afraid it would not be exaggeration to say it is alpha and omega of amateur experimental rocketry nowadays.

  • @schabanow I am familiar with Richard Nakka's work and learned a lot from it when I was first starting with my rocketry hobby.

  • So you apply bound grains. It's not recommended to fasten solid brittle fuel to rather elastic casing, but this simplification would be pretty OK for small calibres... Apropos, did you try ELASTIC CANDY based upon ethylene glycole (antifreeze mixture)?

    ***

    Did you crack test-tablet while you were cooking your fuel? I still suspect your fuel contained much of residual water... How much WET was your bentonite CLAY and how much time elapsed from the moment of ramming to the moment of burning?

  • @schabanow Yes, I use the crack test-tablet to determine whether or not the fuel is ready to be cast into grains, The bentonite clay was not wet and roughly 45 minutes past from when I rammed the nozzle to when the motors were fired. I have tried using ethylene glycol to make the fuel more elastic but found that the fuel became more hygroscopic with it added, maybe it is just the brand i used but it was the only one I could find locally.

  • Khm...

    Videoed burning time is obviously MUCH more prolonged than declared one. All the parameters are strongly seemed to be pure theoretical, not measured... What is Kn of those motors? What is geometry of granes? They work just like end-burners, POOR end-burners with extremely slow rise and fall of the thrust...

    I 'm afraid you have a lot of problems to work at.

  • @schabanow If you watch the video more closely you would notice the moment about 0.3 seconds after the motor has lit when the thrust is at its peak and then trails off into smoke trail which is slightly overpowered, though it is a method of using excess fuel for something more than garden fertiliser. The Kn ratio of all the motors was calculated to be between 80 and 85 and the geometry was a single inhibited grain. If you still doubt the accuracy I can send you the Thrust / Time curves recorded.

  • @rmoss15 I think if you wanna make your video MUCH more advanced, you should insert EXPERIMENTAL curves (not theoretical ones from SRM-like software) direct into clip - it is not too difficult.

    What kind of thrustmeter was used? Old mechanical kitchen scales gives a lot of info...

    I saw MANY videos and real motors proper working, and I can say by my modest experience that yours have enormous rise / fall thrust time. These two sectors of thrust profile do steal a lot of motor' total impulse...

  • @schabanow I used an Aerocon systems load connected to a Dataq DI-158u data acquisition unit which sent the data to my computer. There are not two sectors of thrust profile in this motor, there is the fuel grain which is what I base my data on and there is the smoke trail which is simply leftover fuel. And thrust profile of all the motors which is typical of any motor with a single inhibited grain was progressive with a sharp drop off in thrust as the propellant was used up.

  • @rmoss15 I still can't understand... Do you mean you used coreless granes (any hole)? End-burners? In PVC cases? What kind of thermal insulation was there then?

  • @schabanow The fuel grains had a core 4.5mm in diameter hence the Kn ratio of 80 and had a paper and aluminium inhibitor to protect the casing.

  • @rmoss15 I see. Electronic thrustmeter is OK, I think you should insert its curves into your future clips. Can you present filmed curves here? What shape of progressive profile gave those motors? Triangle, saw-tooth? Whether grain' ends were inhibited as well as outer surface? I bet they were inhibited...

  • @rmoss15 Did you crack test-tablet while you were cooking your fuel? I still suspect your fuel contained much of residual water... To speak more substantially I need your curves however...

  • @rmoss15

    > inhibitor to protect the casing

    Inhibitor does not protect a case. Inhibitor prevents inhibited fuel' surfaces from burning front' spreading. In other words inhibitor does determine selected Kn max.

  • @schabanow Yes that is true and I was a bit ambiguous about it. Instead of using a casing liner I simply inhibit the fuel grain to the point that it is tight against the casing wall to prevent any flames from reaching the casing wall, this method I feel provides adequate protection for small PVC motors with such small burn times.

  • @KleinerSprengmeister As I say to most people, I have never had an accident occur, though it never hurts to be on the safe side so wear safety glasses and turn the heating element off as you add it.

  • Nice...

  • @KleinerSprengmeister Yes, these used cooked r-candy fuel.

  • How did the rocket nozzles ??

  • @pirotechnik964 The nozzles of these rockets are rammed bentonite clay.

  • Thats coool maaan i'm going to make avery large one :)

  • dont make large amounts of that one with aluminium, cause it can explode.

  • what do you use for nozzles? how do you make them stay in without blowing up?

  • awesoooome dude rely cool

  • If you add about 14g of karo sourp to the control groop and cook it up with 30ml of water then add 1g of red iron oxide after it becomes a paste like substance. The red iron oxide will double the burn rate of the propellent and make it have a higher thrust force.

    Try this and see how it goes. If you want to know more about how to make this kind of propellent look up "airgunsniper" and then find the video which tells you how to make it.

    This procedure works the best for me.

  • awesome

  • Your last example seems to "pop" as it's burning. Is that due to small air pockets in the mixture?

  • :D XD rofl i like...

    teach meh

  • Awesome! 

  • not bad i dont know anything about it though im guessing its not spost to pop like that right?

  • 1051,19 m/s = 3783,6 km/h = 2351.02 m/h = OMPOSSIBLE for a kn03 rocket.

  • ive found all sugar rockets have a very quick burn time and dont gain a great deal of altitude. What kind of configuration/setup does one need to get a good altitude?

  • Was this cooked/caramelised or just mixed in powder form and compacted?

  • i liked test 2 better

  • So AL does add some more thrust ? Looks like you got some unburned AL coming out the exhaust? Maybe the al was not fine enough or mixed badly or lower the amount a bit? Still you did a good job on keeping records.

  • Cool! don't you have any vid's of how to make a rocket?

    thx

  • Pretty impressive! 1st I wanna say dat I don't question ur calculation. My concern is only to fully understand de math. From wat I see, u only have de burn rate, so...

    Where do u get ur first 40 N?Do u have some kind of device to mesure the F deployed? I mean: F=ma, but there is no movement, so how do u mesure the speed? My physic is far behind, so I thank u in advance to refresh my memory.

  • @nickalisse

    Basically that figure is derived from the specific impulse (Isp) and is an average of the whole burn time, you find the Isp by

    dividing the Total Impulse (Ns) by the Mass of the propellant (Kg) and dividing by 9.8.

    e.g 40 Ns from 35g of propellant would be

    40 divided by 0.035 = 1142.8571

    1142.8571 divided by 9.8

    = an Isp of around 117 sec

    Multiplying the Isp by 9.8 or just leaving out the the division of 9.8 in the sum leaves you with the effective exhaust velocity.

    = ~1143 m/s

  • @nickalisse

    I use a load cell connected to my computer to measure the thrust produced by the rocket.

  • @nickalisse please learn to speak better.

  • @mike2223312 HI! Sorry for the improper writting, but it was because I didn't have enough space to explain my self properly. So, I decided to use abbreviations. As for an example 4 = for, dat = that etc, etc. I don't know, if it was what you were refering to. If not, feel free to correct my english, I always tend to ameliorate my self, so I won't mind at all. Sincerely and thank you.

  • @nickalisse Not a problem, the only reason i said that was because you seem very intelligent, so if you speak it you are very intelligent. you dont have to speak black to build rockets lol.

  • how to make this amazing thing

  • dude that is awsome

  • great!!!

  • You are the Best!!!

    Congratulations

  • Its pretty awsome but will the 60 kno3 and 30 sugar rocket fly? Mine didnt any idea on how to make it work?

  • @litiist It does fly very well and I have a video up that shows how to make the exact same fuel.

  • Its like me after gian peas-eating!thx for up.!!!

  • numi palce

  • not like what you made me and him can lead me to the store Sami cunpar

  • what do you guys mean when u say "grain"?

  • ingredients please

  • @tuttanonPr0ducT1on

    it sais it in the vid. cook it with 15.5 part corn syrup and 60 parts water

  • What diameter is youre nozzel opening, and what inner diameter on tube?

  • 3rd one is unstable

  • its a smoke bomb aswell

  • saltpeter is the same as kno3 right?

  • @war3editor Yep.

  • nice stuff

  • oh nice

  • that was crazyyy cool

  • nice! i liked the 2nd and 3d the best.

  • impressive.... very impressive...5/5

  • this may be illegal...... but can u PLEASE!!!!! send me the ingedents and cookin directions on this? good video 2:)

  • I have a video on youtube that shows how to do it.

  • wow!

  • nice!

  • Holy shit! nice work keep it up!!

  • i think that the fuel + S + Al is not stable enough. fuel + S was nice

  • Comment removed

  • Reduce the sugar, still its too much carbon. Have you tried thermite instead of alloy?

  • @VincentVeritas thermite is incredibly hard to make...you need aluminum powder which you can't really even get if you put it in a blender

  • I've made homemade Thermite by using a Coffee Grinder to grind Aluminium Foil. The more confined container is more effective then a blender. I have also tried a blender, and I couldn't make any usable powder from it.

  • does that destroy the coffee grinder though?

  • alluminium fillings can be used to make thermte. you cant use that for flash.That will really need the very finne alluminium powder. The fillings can be mixed with 5% weigth stearin and ballmilled for WEEKS. will gieve you a nicely alluminium powder.

  • How to calculate Avg. thrust?

  • Total impulse (Newton Seconds) divided by the amount of time the motor burned for.

    e.g 40 Newton Seconds divided by 2 seconds equals

    Avg Thrust of  20 Newtons

  • 3rd test produced highest thrust/weight ratio. What is the expansion ratio for the nozzle? I would use about 8 to 10:1.

  • The crude shaping that I did put into the bentonite clay nozzle was around the ratio of 4:1 which is probably under-expanded but it leads to a very large spectacular flame instead of the long thin one usually produced.

  • Is it possible for a mix using caramelized sugar + KNO3 + al powder to spontaneously ignite and/or explode? I doubt it will, but I want to ask more experienced ppl.

  • I have a grain of fuel from 6months ago in my garage with 60-30-10 KNO3, Sucrose and Al and it still hasn't gone off spontaneously so I think it is pretty safe.

  • I actually asked the question incorrectly, I was more concerned if it would explode in the tube when burning. ( with added aluminium).

  • I haven't experienced that yet, the closest thing would be a blown nozzle.

  • IF you were to seal it up tight, i'm positive you could get a nice explosion out of it. That's what CATOs are.