Germanic Language Family 1 of 5

[Shekimarali]

Professor, have you ever thought of germanic languages being the youngest languages, products of turkic languages of Europe aryanised and turning into-european starting 2500 years ago the process completed by IX-XII cc. Real Aryans how into-europeans are called were slavs. the more nomadic turkic (don't confuse with today's turks who are as modified genetically as west europeans were modified linguistically turning from turkic speakers to IE) pp.'s lgg is what is seen in modern germanic lggs

[Askar9992]

dutch is so ugly

[Xcokedav096]

William Jones? Father of language evolution? 

[IrOn26igb]

schaut euch von erhard landmann das buch... weltbilderschütterung an... darin geht es darum dass das althochdeutsche die ursprache aller sprachen ist!

erhard landmann "weltbilderschütterung"

viel spaß

[swissnor]

In Ireland there was two Germanic languages spoken until about 100 years ago called Yola and Fingalian. Yola and Fingalian are very similar to each other. They where both West Germanic languages.

[damientumor]

Who says they were migrating bands of warriors who spread Proto Indo European languages? Get your facts straight, man! I think your theory has been debunked by the evidence suggesting the spread of agricultural technology from Anatolia...if you study Indo-European root words they are strongly suggestive of an agricuturally based society...thus the kurgan steppe invasion theory is a myth...there is nothing archaeologically to support it.

[Kytopaify]

@damientumor @damientumor Ehh no , no lionguist and most archaeologists discridit Anatolia as the urheimat. But rather the the stepp of Eurasia. And your wrong most of the reconstryctedd vocabulary is more semi nomadic pastoralism with words for wheels, horses, and taming horses, and enviroment that describes a cold envrioment where it could snow and natural fauna and flora that more speaks for the stepps.Tamed horses and wheels and wagons did not exist in early agricuturall anatolia

[Kytopaify]

@damientumor P 2 Habe you read The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World ? There you will see modern archealogical arguments regarding the evidence for tha Indo-European languages spread with the spread of the tame and wagons often drawn by oxeses. In a semi nomadic culture that spread by going with a wagon here and there some trade contacts spreading there language become a cultural factor might have been some conflict as well.

[tapabrataful]

Well evenin contemporary Indian languages and european languages you can find similarities.........

e.g.

English: My name is Alex.

Hindi: Mera naam Alex.

Bengali:Amar naam Alex

My in English is Mera in hindi and Amar i Bengali; the root in Indo European would be somewhere in between the three. However if you take"name" it has stayed almost the same "naam" in Hindi and Bengali.

[sinnedinho]

@tapabrataful Worse even, the Dutch word for 'name' is 'naam'...

[tapabrataful]

Well evenin contemporary Indian languages and european languages you can find similarities.........

e.g.

English: My name is Alex.

Hindi:  Mera naam Alex.

Bengali:Amar naam Alex

My in English is Mera in hindi and Amar i Bengali; the root in Indo European would be somewhere in between the three.

However if you take"name" it has stayed almost the same "naam" in Hindi and Bengali.

[tapabrataful]

Well evenin contemporary Indian languages and european languages you can find similarities.........

e.g.

English: My  name is Alex.

Hindi: Mera naam Alex.

Bengali:Amar naam Alex

My in English is Mera in hindi and Amar i Bengali; the root in Indo European would be somewhere in between the three.

However if you take"name" it has stayed almost the same "naam" in Hindi and Bengali.

[unnuaq]

If you're interested in Germanic languages, literature, history and culture, there's a wonderful channel on YouTube here called "germanicfolc" which has a constantly expanding archive of videos in German, Swedish, English etc. on all things Germanic, from Viking history to individual figures in Germanic history. Well worth a look!

[leshark]

Wow this is great... just wat i was looking for. thx profasar

[Mamakayi]

Soory, I dont get .

What has Indian language to do with Germanic languages???

They sound absolutely different!! Did you ever hear these languages at all??

What would you say, when I say all languages in the world come /came from China??

[bigdima3]

@Mamakayi Why dont you do some research, trust me you will find answrs

[Anya20879]

@Mamakayi Your so stupid. The language of China is mainly from the Sino-Tibtean group!!!!! THEY DO NOT RELATE WITH INDO EURPEONS. STUPID ASS ITS MIGRATION AND LANGUAGE THAT ARE FOCUSED.

[Suolperos]

@Anya20879 How is this helpful? It's just trolling with a topic in mind... if the guy had never studied this or come across it before - and most people I've known haven't - how does that make him stupid? At least he's admitting he doesn't get it yet instead of typing in caps and throwing insults. I know a lot of perfectly intelligent people who think English descends from Latin just because they don't know better.

Being uninformed isn't stupid.

[Suolperos]

@Mamakayi The Indian languages are related to the Germanic languages through their common ancestry to Indo-European. They sound nothing alike anymore because of the myriad changes that have taken place between them since they split up but when you look closely at a group of really ancient languages like Sanskrit, Latin and Gothic, the similarities will stick out. All Slavic, Italic, Greek, Armenian, Albanian, and Celtic languages are a part of this one family and were all once the same language.

[VendPrekmurec]

@Suolperos wow this sounds so romantic. "1 language - Indo European"... i wonder when was it... in times of Abraham or Noah? - But those "guys" weren't Indo-Europeans; instead Western "linguists, archeologists, historians" love to use Torah as a "source of western knowledge" ... and "root of humanity"

[7deimos]

as a germanistic student i can say that this person really knows what he is talking about :)))

[sneighwena]

@7deimos I don't believe that the original Germanic language belongs in the Indo-European family tree. Why should we believe those linguists who can carelessly lump it in with the other languages in the tree. There are too many discrepancies, far more than similarities with Celtic/Latin/Slavic. One linguist even tried to put Germanic and Slavic as being one language at one time- which is highly unlikely because the two are so far apart. The only possibility of any similarities are borrowings.

[Suolperos]

@sneighwena Actually there's a new school of thought forming with regards to early Germanic peoples being influenced by Semitic speakers very early on. There is good solid evidence showing Semitic speakers to have been in Europe at the right time, so it would seem to coincide well. I need to look more into it myself, but from what I understand, Germanic's unusual sound changes and grammar reductions along with 1/3 of its vocab are possibly attributable to this early Semitic contact.

[Saiaton]

@sneighwena There are far too many similarities to exclude Germanic but the phonetic and verbal changes common to all Germanic languages make it look very likely that they were Indo-European as learnt by non-Indo-European (non-Aryan) peoples unfamiliar with sounds like Bh, Gh, Dh.

[VendPrekmurec]

@sneighwena i would say - this linguists (who is in fact very right...) has BALLS to say that

[Mamakayi]

No way! Indo Europeans and Indo European Langages are / were NOT from India!!!!o

Indo European Languages = Germanic Languages!!! NOTHING to do with India!!!

PEACE

[bizarewigga]

you should try to learn ojibwe

[silvr94]

Dear ProfASAr,

I really appreciate these videos. Thank you very much! I have a question concerning Grimm's and Verner's Law and hoped you might be able to help me.

Is it correct that Proto-Indo-European words underwent a consonant shift according to Grimm AND THEN the shift system changed to that of Verner? Or is Verner's Law the correct version of the consonant shift and Grimm's Law is incomplete? I understand both versions and I am now trying to understand the controversy of the law dating.

[ProfASAr]

@silvr94 Verner's Law is about explaining an exception or anomaly in Grimm's Law, not so much a question of before or after - the dating issue will always be a point of controversy.

[harrow233]

relating languages to eachother is facinating, I speak English and German but I can't speak Dutch but I can understand it easily because it is related to both of my languages that I speak. Also all the scandinavian languages are germanic execpt finish which I can understand those as well for example:

My name is:english

Mein name ist:german

Mijjd nam is:dutch

they are all nearly the same

[MrMasterarms]

@harrow233 Hehehe :p the dutch one is wrong :p its "Mijn naam is:dutch" :)

[dafyd4]

The oldest Indo-European language is Palaic, which was extinct by 1700 BCE

[gromkij01]

Is Tacitus pronounced tækɪtʊs?

[MattonRunescape]

So if Im american, Im half german???

[seamuspowers]

@MattonRunescape four large white ethnic groups in America as follows, English, Irish, German and French. Its a possibility you have ancestors belonging to at least one of these groups.

[MrMasterarms]

@seamuspowers Don't forget Italian ;-)

[Anya20879]

@MrMasterarms Thats a Italiac language, =/

[Fperez04]

@MattonRunescape... no

[ufogelfling1]

think baseball fans...i have lived in milwaukee 45 years (but in georgia in army)...i am a milwaukee braves and atlanta braves fan...(i wear braves jersys and black 1957 jacket) this drives younger brewers fans to snear scream in my face...slang insult"chopper!"...(tomahawk chop) a word invented to mean "traitor...or senile oldtimer"/ @ milwaukee

[ufogelfling1]

watch the michael york movie romeo and juliet!...2 rival blood feuding vendetta clans may alter their slang or dialect just to be different from their sworn enemy!...green bay packers fans slang vs chicago bears fan...(a "fib" covert acronym for" f-ing illinoissssss bastard...and we say the ssssss sound to insult them!)

[ufogelfling1]

an inner circle of elites change language to feel unique and superior...think maybe the snobs are behind changinng languages like a code lingo for fraternity boys...or sority...women are very linguistic and cliquey ostrasize others who are inferior or a threat to their household or community...what part do the snobs play in linguistic tribal shift?

[ufogelfling1]

when I was in 4rd grade...one of my older brothers friends had a tree house they called a fort! (analogy-castle)...the cool kids the in crowd (analogy-chieftains or nobility) created cool beatnik lingo buzzwords code words slang to exclude little brothers from tagging along...so they could smoke and look at a stack of playboys...without me...(analogy-language changed to exclude the outsiders)

[ufogelfling1]

maybe families clans or tribes invent their own slang as a code to exclude outsiders...to make the members feel unique and superior from the barbarians on the otherside of the hill...maybe the elders alter the language so children can't talk to strangers?

[ufogelfling1]

my great grandparents came from germany to milwaukee 1890...german died out in my family...my stict father had 10 children 6 boys...me and other brothers self-learned german to use as a secret code language to exclude our tattle-tale sisters and parents at the dinner table!...brillant rebirth of my roots! / @ milwaukee

[ufogelfling1]

I'm in milwaukee and on the radio at night I listen to the world service of the bbc london since fall of 1990...just listen to all the dialects within english globally and this is a model analogy how languages related to each other morph! (study australian slang!)

[ufogelfling1]

in my life as a hobby (being 44 )  I have studied english and german...and tried to self learn anglo-saxon old norse modern icelandic....and I'm a quarter baltic ....lithuanian...latvian and old prussian and then looked at sanscrit...then p.i.e. proto indo-european....so much history! / @ milwaukee

[Reykjavik1boy]

þú et voðalega gáfaður og ég menna það

you very samrt

[ajoajoajoaj]

That chart you have shows "Ebonics" as a separate language XD.

[VictoryCough]

It is generally regarded as that.

[akamaru88]

oh, one mistake, Dutch and German was in old versions still the same

[Rodier1128]

I'm interested in asian language familys, especially the Tai family which included the Thai and some of China and Taiwan? do you have any plans for those?

[Hadokenmaster]

you should check out the wikipedia for these language families.

[ryugigas]

Balto-Slavic is behind the Satem split, and thus has nothing to do with Celtic, probably a product of a totally different Indo-European migration.

[Coyu3]

Really great video. Thanks for taking the time to share this information.

[fearoftigers]

Professeur, can I ask what is regarded to be the oldest known indo-european language? Would it be Sanskrit? You mention a possible common language coming from what we now call Ukraine, is there any evidence of what this language would be? Great series by the way, really enjoying all of your videos!

[ProfASAr]

The chronology of all of this is very controversial. The common language would be proto-Indo-European and it is entirely reconstructed, thus there no hard evidence of it. Sanskrit and Avestan are generally considered to be older in their forms than Greek, but the surviving written attestations of this last are probably the oldest things that we have.

[zeinbrug]

polish is Slavic but it is part of the Germanic language,s

[zeinbrug]

polish is Slavic but it is part of the Germanic language,s

[snowdog03]

@ProfASAr I thought Hittite was the older Indo-European language.

[Milehighkingpin]

Oldest attested IE language is probably Hittite, although the Indo-Hittite split is extremely controversial and there are thousands of scholarly articles and monographs on this subject alone. Hittite has some mighty archaic features, including three laryngeals which were subsequently lost in all other IE languages. Vedic Sanskrit is also very old. Mycenaean Greek is just a bit more recent, but it's still very interesting from a philological viewpoint.

[polarisreseau]

the language hittite present the disturbing likeness of form and words with Basque languages and Saxon but very drastically different of language greco-latino-iraniennes

[PakistaniShaheen]

and the language closest to the proto-indo-european language is lithuanian as it did not change like other IE languages didnt

[Berisha]

Yeah, why is the Baltic branch not listed? I think it's essential for this family.

[Jepsi08]

wouldn't Baltic be related to the finno-urgic language family, rather than the germanic?

[peachymusic]

because most linguists group baltic languages with slavic languages an baltic languages together

[lorax121323]

@fearoftigers The Oldest known Indo European language is Hittite

[Germericanboi]

What I don't understand is why, preceding the Roman "discovery" of the Germanic peoples, no record / account is given. I'm am of German and African ancestry, and for me it is clear, my ancestors were NOT roman, which is the case for most Americans and nearly all (at least native) Germanic Europeans. I have the feeling that the (violent) Christianization of Northern Europe is hugely responsible for the lack of knowledge we have of the history of Germanic cultures, preceding the Roman Empire.

[HoldenCaulfield04]

From my understanding of history as I have read it, the answer appears to be a lack of a written language, or the lack of literacy. Most buildings were made of wood which rapidly degenerates and leaves virtually no remains. As well, most societies were tribal and only a loose association being "Germanic". This is my understanding in any case.

[polarisreseau]

basque and saxon this is celto-germanic civilitzation

[Bashnutter]

basque has an unclear origin we know it's an indo-european language but not much about the family

[9zreed]

@Germericanboi well I don't know for sure, since i wasn't there. perhaps your argument could be correct to a degree. But as I learned it Proto-Germanics were less civilized than Roman societies and spent much of their time attempting to attack and destroy the Roman Empire. I am sure Romans weren't good to them either, but as I learned it, they attacked first. I have only German, Anglo-Franco blood in me, too, so I'm not just siding with Rome for no reason.

[StrictlyBG]

The germanic language is THE BEST language in the world ;)

German (fa sho) English etc..

[Snolliot]

wich westgermanic language was the closest to old norse before 400 a.d I would say jutish, and then angles tounge and saxon or frisian tongue?

[Umbrella0021]

its not Teutonic but just Germanic you should now that Teutonic is just a tribe name of many, and Luxemburg is idd the welthiest country in the world, the Netherlands is 5th, but with Flanders wich is origenaly Dutch to, the Netherlands is the righest country in the world

[zygo144]

be nationalist somewhere else

[EnjoyMyProfile]

the Dutch and Belgiums are brothers that have been torn apart by the French in 1830. Why don't you go give an opinion on something you actually know a little about?

[RsGhost1]

Not really torn apart, Belgium wanted to become independant because the Dutch were not catholic and the Belgians were.

[turbofritz2]

Faroese and Icelandic is pretty close to the old norse and common norse language. Has many similarities with German too.

[stuga]

these are great!, how many languages you speak? and how long did it take to learn them all?

[Europa11111]

I am from Luxembourg.We are the richest country on earth.

Ech sin vu Lëtzebuerg.Mir sin daat räischsten Land op der Welt.

I understand german,and about 20% of dutch,flemish.

Roude Léiw huel se!

Mir wëlle bléiwe waat mir sin!

[HCbrutusHC]

richest country in the world. up yours. the dutch is wealthier then you france is germany is america is.

[turbofritz2]

No Luxenburg is wealtier than all of those countries. Luxenburg, Switzerland and Norway are the richest countries.

Netherland is pretty rich aslo.

[marruuuk]

so what? go brag somewhere else. because your large financial institutions make a lot of money doesnt make the inhabitants rich

[Macaframa1]

I'm surprised you don't have thousands of more views. I really appreciate these videos.

[mervicus]

Do you/ does anyone know what language preceded latin, i mean what was its closest language relative? arent the romance languages derived from different dialects of latin from different parts of the roman empire? so really the romance languages resulted from domination of different regions (rather than a spread) and the local dialects that resulted (ie spanish, french, romanian) probably take very little influence from the languages that were origionally in those areas? would you agree?

[Murphyalex]

I believe it was called Indo-European.

[grwnYT]

Latin evolved from the Etruscan language I believe.

[kalamarikahunalord]

Nah, while Etruscan had an influence, Etruscan and Latin were from different families. It was part of the Italic branch of IE languages, its relatives being Oscan, Umbrian and Sabine. But the Romance languages came not from Classical Latin, but Vulgar Latin-simplified for everyday speach. Cicero used Classical at the courts, Vulgar in the tavern. It had the Masc. and Neut. genders merge, plus a lot of other things, including a simplified case system. Quite different.

[luffarantastarn]

The language that preceded Classical Latin (which is the form of Latin I presume you're referring to) is called Old Latin, which is extremely similar to Classical Latin. The stage preceding Old Latin was Proto-Italic (as kalamarikahunalord wrote). Some argue, however, that the Italic languages stem from a proto-italoceltic stage, immediatly after the split of proto-indoeuropean. This theory is highly disputed though.

[Lobotomyu]

Probably Etruscan or other Italic languages of the area.

[0skyr0]

It was very common that in every area one could speak Latin and the original language of that area.every romance language is formed of the former languages of the area+Latin+the languages that came in conctact with it. And actually every part of the roman empire talk a different kind of latin, the classical one was an "official language", just like Italian itself has been for centuries. The nearest you were to Rom, the closer to Classical Latin (or whathever was written Latin) you spoke..

[saxquiz]

Prof., you rock!

[nigelelsass]

I am from Lothringen. I speak a very old German dialect and can understand even Scandinavian languages.

[Hadokenmaster]

Then it is probaly another "Platt" dialect. Right?

[Sweden80Here]

I'm from sweden. I can understand norwegian and danish very good and around 50% of german and dutch if it is spoken in a slow tempo :D

[ElvenDane]

Well done ;-)

Yes, of of course we should slow down, so that the "poor" Swedes can catch up LOL

[juufa72]

Alas a scholar who still says "BC" and "AD" not this "BCE" and "CE" BS!

Anyways, nice series.

[Fersommling]

What's wrong with AD/BC? It's a Christian culture in Europe and America. If you don't like it, tough.

[S0NYSUX]

I believe he meant "At last" and was actually happy about it. (he calls BCE and CE "bullshit").

[Tia1ko]

The wrong thing with AD and BC is that we actually do not know when the D. (of the A.D. fame) was born. Now tell me whether "Jesus Christ was born 4 BC (i.e., 'Before Christ')" triggers any "logic warning light" in you head. :-) CE/BCE does not seem to suffer from this. "Common Era" simply states that many people use it (it is "Common" to many nations) and its beginning, though fixed to a certain moment in time, does not claim any particular meaning that could later be challenged.

[D3clanb]

I find your videos fascinating, I love language and linguistics and hope one day I'll be able to do something like this myself!

[Ponape4]

Dear professor, you are creating here a real scholar encyclopedic university course for free, and I would dare to say, much better than what you can get at most university lectures. Thank you very much for your generosity.

[MaBu888]

Khhhoncept - Cool pronunciation of English, of  course authentic... :)

[calamityjane5000]

Thank you so much for the great work you are doing and sharing with the public. I could listen to you for hours and hours. You get a big Gold Star Teacher and A+ for the video. Warm Regards, Calamity Jane from Lake Panasoffkee, Florida