Flashover Chamber

[kanadick]

This is an important part of our firefighting training, to learn how and when the flashover occurs, how we cope with it and try to contain it. It is done in a safe invironment and always supervised by seasoned instructors. We do the exact same type of traing in sweden and we have never had any misshaps, gets a bit hot sometimes but thats part of the job :)

[jihli1191]

not supper unnecessarily dangerous they followed all the NFPA 1403 guidlines for live fire training what they saw in that controled inviroment is exactly what they need to know to look for if they are in a house if they see that on a true fireground they now know its time to get the fire out or get out of that house

[OldSchoolIdaho]

This seems unnecessarily dangerous for the training benefit received.

[mkmurphy1982]

Lmao at the people disputing whether this is a real flash over! Duh dummies that is why it's a simulation! If you are caught in an environment where a real flash over is likely to happen your gonna be apart of that combustion because you your self have reached that temperature as well! In regards to fog vs straight stream, me personally I don't use a fog inside a structural fire unless it's a very narrow stream, I prefer a straight stream with 2 to 3 second bursts and proper ventilation to lowe

[MynaQmal]

im proud to be FF...

[firemedic159]

A flash over is the transition between the growth and fully developed stage of the fire and is not a specific event such as ignition. During a flashover, conditons in the compartment change very rapidlyas the fire changesfrom one that is dominated by the burning materials first ignitedto one that involves ALL of the exposed combastable surfaces.

[devanoo2]

always got to check PPT

[Jdawg3432000]

That's freakin awesome to have that included in a training exercise. Educational and crazy to see in a controlled invironment.

[Darkdeathslayer01]

If you've ever seen posidon, in the film the hall way explodes with a flashover in the very beginning. Witch Is being compared to " if you breath it in, your lungs disintegrate."

[harosokman]

LOL, his SCBA thermal warning is going off when the flames lick him, no sh*t, I know its hot, I'm surrounded by fire!

Good use of the fog pattern there too....

[OBAMAWOLF]

@harosokman I don't think thats a thermal alarm. Its the PASS device if you notice the guy on the left shakes his SCBA when you start hearing the alarm.

[Charts79]

Flashover is a "temperature controlled" event. In a compartment fire there can be a stage where the total thermal radiation from the fire plume, hot gasses and hot compartment causes the radiative ignition of all exposed combustible surfaces.It is not dependant upon direct falme communication from the initial burning object to the gas layer, it is caused by the spontaneous ignition of gases as they reach their auto ignition temperature. Thus the need for gas cooling, not ventilation.

[weirdsob29]

Umm a backdraft is where the oxygen is deprived of oxygen and then oxygen is let in it explodes and what they are in is only a rollover or flameover it gets u close enough to a flashover to know what to look out for

[guitarjoe1234]

i thought flashover is when everything in the room reaches its ignition temperture, and a good indicator that a flash is about to happen is that white light, but then again im still a newbie.

[jthomsonmain]

@guitarjoe1234 You are correct.. Flashover is when a room gets to such a high temperature that everything in the room "flashes" or catches fire at the same time. Backdraft is when the un-burned fuel in the smoke ignites explosively

[hayes4321]

So, Whats the right Nozzle pattern?? when putting a house fire out.... Like when its not flashing over? Not fog would you?? I dont really no? Im still in training :) lol

[docman789]

my fire fighter one burn is this saturday! XD cant wait this was a really cool vid! wish we were doing this :-(

[Sjusovare2]

I´m going to to a 5 yearly course on that in a couple of weeks :-)

[firefighterj1]

i liked it!

[animerocker4life]

hardcore hot box video dood :)

[xXBirDEXx125]

1:35 did the guy on the hose really just get swallowed by those flames!!!??

[CTFD13]

@xXBirDEXx125 yup. thats what a fog stream does.

[xXBirDEXx125]

@CTFD13 Is that the wider stream?

[casscounty603]

It is sure nice to see so many experts on fire streams, ventilation and preventing flashover! My opinion of straight bore vs. fog nozzles is that they both have their place and if your lil department only has one kind and you don’t know jack shit about the other then please shut up! And about the fact that this is a roll-over instead of a flash-over... well duh! it's freakin training people! Of course its not a real flashover, thats why most of the world calls it a flashover SIMULATOR!!!

[Darbalarb1]

to everyone. The pattern you should use during an interior attack is a straight stream. The reason being, as a fire burns it creates a thermal layer. This layer slowly moves down as the fire progresses (this is why we teach children to roll out of bed and crawl under the smoke, also why we stay low.) Hitting the fire with fog will disturb this layer, hindering visibility and potentially "steaming" the interior crew. a simple contents fire can be knocked down with hardly any water.

[crushedlt]

You pencil the ceiling because the water droplets, after they hit the ceiling are larger then in a fog pattern so they absorb more BTU's. Plus all the material in a room doesn't ignite it's the gasses along the ceiling that ignite.

[RFDlifer]

@MrTweetieMan You need velocity to have water hammer with short pulses the water doesn't have enough velocity to create water hammer the hose movement is normal water pressure changes.

[RFDlifer]

One of the better videos showing the effects of different nozzle patterns/durations.

[sirstanley09]

is it like backdraft? im a junior fire fighter, how does the flashover kill?

[RFDlifer]

@sirstanley09 Backdraft is a different type of Extreme Fire behavior, Flashover kills because it occurs at temperatures of 500C/900F and up thus creating non survivable conditions including firefighters in full PPE.

[Skankpronger]

guy in back left  should not even be a FF . if he was ever in a for -real situation like that he would be worthless. you need to grab your balls and go if your gonna get anything done in a fire

[Matt218]

@Skankpronger For being too low?

[iranoob17]

@Skankpronger he is low to the ground. that is verey good. you get higher then what the guy on the line was and you will die it has nothing to do with grabbing your balls. that was a tranning that is were he needs to be as it is the guy in front on the line his gear was fried after that thoughs temps in there are hotter then what are gear is rated for. pluse if hes new to the department and fire serves then that is a hell of a better place for him then standding up.

[mythicalness]

The fire is your problem, sirs.

[rdpoquiz1]

I agree a fog will do the best...

[iranoob17]

@rdpoquiz1 no a fog will steam you out and you will get steam burns. i have seen a lot of guys hit a fire close to flash over with a fog and that thermal layer hits the ground i can show you all picks of guys on are department that have been burned becuse of the fog. the fog is good for grass fires and a few outhers but in this cass it will kill you.

[dontreadthis21]

Thanks for posting. One of the best video footage of a simulated flashover I've seen.

[theYAMATO2010]

１線だけの防御は危険ですね。命を大切にしてください。

[mghreeves1972]

Painting (lobbing small amounts of water onto hot surfaces) reduces the rate of pyrolysis and due to the small volume of water less steam is created and the neautral plane remains stable. This maintains the working conditions for fire fighters as they undertake SAR or fire fighting operations. Often penciling the seat of the fire is all it takes to knock it down. Not always, but understanding compartment fire behaviour is just another tool to use when needed. Understanding the FBI's is critical!

[krustyeyes]

great video, i love when he opens up the fog nozzle and the woman on the outside goes "screw that, no fog" LOL

[fdwt994]

Guys, it's not supposed to be about how you'd extinguish a fire in a real structure. It's about learning fire behavior and the early warning signs of impending flashover, so you know to get out before it happens. Of course we'd ventilate in a real fire, of course we wouldn't "pencil" the nozzle in a real fire, that's not the point.

[MasterOfPuppetz17]

@fdwt994 Actually you do "pencil" the ceiling in a real house fire. But otherwise I can't disagree with you.

[FFRick192]

have any of you heard of a little thing called ventilation/ coordinated attack?

[Rachie33GummieBear]

This is exactly what kind of training i had to go through. It was a little different but this is exactly what i did.

[j7ordan7]

100% right

penciling is for flashover chambers

people don't understand that for some reason

in a real structure fire a narrow fog stream at the ceiling is best

[Adhesiveputty]

Thumbs down

[southerndipper78]

yea and steam your ass to death... ever heard of the thermal balance and the TZO patterns

[CFCdirty12dozen]

straight stream, hit the ceiling to cool down the gases and go right on the fire...once you do your attack you are going to fuck the balance up and the TZO patterns fuck up the balance too

[samsung1238]

Hey Im trying to get on my towns fire department can any of you send me cool training vids? Please!!!!!! I want to be a second generation ff.

[mrcuda]

Good luck! :-)

[baileyholly1]

its not knowing as smoke anymore,unburnt gases to a trained fireman..i think.

[chevymandan1]

No no when he uses the fog the fire sucks back to them because of the rush of air a fog nozzle creates and gives that fire what it wants AIR. Straight stream or solid is the way to go in this situation, just watch above your head s much as you can.

[TheUnforgivn17]

what exactly is a flash over?

[firefighter0492]

a flash over is when the fuel has started to give off vapors and the smoke will actually catch fire. in this situation everything in the room will catch on fire including people in side. it gets so hot that your face piece can melt to your face. The rule of thumb is when you relize the flash has started you have 2 sec or 5 feet till your dead. i hope this answers your question. It is truly amazing

[robstrevor]

Yeah pretty much when a room gets so hot that everything in it will ignite at once including smoke.

[Windley32164]

when everything in the immediate fire area ignites, causing an "explosion" of hot gases. something like that. been soooo long since i took the class......

[CRFallday]

according to the book, temperatures in the room reach between 900 and 1200 degrees F. The heat alone causes combustible material in the room to give off gases, which ignite because of the high temperatures. Flashover is when the gases ignite and all combustible material in the room spontaneously ignites and is involved in the fire. i'm only 16 though, studying to become a firefighter, so a real firefighter might be able to explain better than that.

[psp310]

im 16 and a ff try and join a vol dept

[CRFallday]

@psp310 unfortunately in wisconsin you have to be 18 to take the firefighter 1 and emt test, so until then i cant get hired. but i am interning with my town's department

[iranoob17]

@CRFallday a lot of volenter departments have a juner fire fighter program some do some dont. you might need to find on thats is close to yours just go down and talk to him stick with it. it is worth every bit of efert you put in to it.

[850fireman]

Great video demonstrating nozzle use!This debate will forever live as long as FF's live. As far as Fog nozzles are concerned, straight stream is the only use during a fire attack and fog pattern in a flashover situation will not save you, GPM will if you react fast enough...good stuff thanks for the video!

[onlyoneandyyoung]

I personally think using smooth bore branch/nozzle for compartment fires is crazy. Ok the smooth bore delivers more water and the throw distance is incrediable with only 5 bar pressure and great for high rise with resistance losses etc.

BUT i much prefer being in control of a fire with a combination branch/nozzle and not just drowning a fire like someone with zero training would do. 1 your going to get burned 2 extra water damage 3 useless for flashover/sgascooling/temp guaging.

[farbyhardcore]

penciling is stupid and really doesnt help you put the fire out but instead it just is a big wast of water hit the fire with all you got your truck crew should be taken care of you vent problem.

[yooper2]

i know many fire fighters whos lives were saved by penciling. it isn't used to put out fires it is used to cool down the air so you are not caught in the middle of a Flashover. we were always taught that when the air reaches 850 near the ceiling penicl the shit out of the ceiling so that you don't get caught inside a flashover and get killed.

[f2108f]

Penciling is designed to give you a few extra seconds to get your ass out... not to put the fire out. Hit it with all you got and see if you survive the steam...

[FilmLou]

I trained in the Swede Flashover Container for the first time in 1991 near Stockholm. It was never designed for firefighting tactics - it was developed to show students how to read smoke conditions in a pre-Flashover environment. Since Europeans don't use smooth bore nozzles, but rather high pressure FOG, one thing the instructors did train us was to cool the ceiling just long enough in order to get out. Everytime the nozzleman opens the straight tip in this video -- the fire comes right to him!

[tommmmmmmmx]

no fog yes!!!!!!!!!

[Nozzleman46]

Nice video, That instructor is asolutely correct NO FOG!!! Smooth Bore Nozzles are the best to use in a structure fire. Here's why #1 you get more water out of a smooth bore than a fog/combination nozzle with less work being done by the pump. #2 Nozzle reaction for instance @ 185 GPM with a 1 3/4" hoseline and a 15/16ths tip yournozzle reaction force is 69lbs., with an automatic fog nozzle it is 93 lbs. which would you prefer? Also with a smooth bore tip there is no worry of debris gettingstuck

[jayinuk1976]

Part 2: Using this technique in this compartment I literally extinguished the fire and controlled flash-over using the equivalent of 2 buckets of water! It was a big no no to use a straight jet, which courses a massive build up of steam and rising the temperature of the neutral plain, making life very uncomfortable for you and your oppo (buddy). I just did my Compartment Fire Behavior training last week and it was an eye opener! Great course. interesing to hear how you do things over there.

[jayinuk1976]

hmmm...Ive been reading your comments and please don't take offence but the way we do it in the UK contradicts your way. Part 1: Gas cool on a 45 degree cone, short 1 second bursts directly above your head, a fine fog To cool the gas to prevent flash over, not extinguish! If flashover starts to occur then 2 second bursts at a slightly smaller angle into the ceiling...but always using minimal water to prevent steam build up. Then paint the seat of fire with a dribble of water......continued...

[FilmLou]

The purpose of the Swede Survival Falshover Simulator is not fire extinguishment -- but rather learning visual indicators leading up to flashover. The Swedes contend that short bursts of a straight stream directly into the overhead smoke will cool the fire enough to allow hoseteams to evacuate the room. In short, if the fire is presenting as it is in this video, you shouldn't be in the same room with it.

[nicholemarieseipel]

use the straight stream to pencil the ceiling, this allows you to test the fire for return, if no return(meaning water falls to the ground)then get out of the fire room. Opening the nozzle and going nuts disturbs the thermal layering ultimately causing the flashover process to speed up.

[tteenwolf]

o man thats so cool to be in. its a six tickit ride:)

[dept24LT]

Using a fog stream on an interior attack is a good way to get your ass cooked. It breaks up the thermal barrier and creates a lot of heat and steam. Solid stream to knock it down then get to a window and use a fog pattern to vent out the window.

[raerae94]

Destructive on a level of 7.

[jeffcitypup]

a solid stream nozzle is the only way to fight a interior fire. maybe its just a east tennessee thing but very good results.

[explorersatton]

solid steam is only for pinitration.

[doom112112]

do legst di nieder

des is oan rollover un kän flashover

[slayslayslay]

they were using a combo anyways.

[explorersatton]

lol are you all saying that fog nozzles fail basicly. The united states NFPA states that for use to use straight steam in short bursts, the fog nozzle is one of the best things. If the fire is going to flash through it on full fog and back your ass out of there. That will protect you from getting so hot you will combust.

[dioschilote1986]

is very dangerous in chile the firefighters enter in the houses with fog at maximun using

protex piton in a continiosly burts to reduce temperature

[dioschilote1986]

que hacen dios mio se van a matar asi, tienen que atacar el fuego con la neblina al maximo en un chorro continuo hacia el techo del contenedor que es donde esta la nube de humo con gases calientes la cual debe ser enfriada para posteriormente atacar el foco del incendio esa tecnica del chorro intermitente es buena solo en algunos lugares

[fireloper]

I noticed that some of the comments seem to be worried about the "straight" stream. You can do a straight stream on a fog nozzle. I think people are getting straight and solid streams confused. Straight streams come out of a fog nozzle while solid streams come out of a solid bore nozzle.

[hom3r]

shldnt their kneels off the ground?thats what im taught.squat with ur feets

[explorerpete]

Yeah, thats a good thing to do if you dont like having burns on ur knees. I learned that the hard way back when i was still in the fire academy. haha, although u r more stable when u also have ur knees on the ground.

[GCfirefighter]

can anyone say ROLLOVER!!!!!!!!!!!!! not a flashover

[Firefighter35740]

Hi everyone, I am a firefighter from France and I am very surprised to hear that you guys over in the States use straight bore nozzle settings. In Europe we mainly use a 30° - 45° cone setting on our nozzles. The we pulse the rollover to knock back the fire and cool the gases down to prevent the flashover. We also use a combinde attack method where we use a 30°-45° cone onto the ceiling and gases layers and a straight bore jet onto the base of the fire.

Take care guys.

[Mindstorm1000]

We do the same thing in Denmark. And the flashover chamber is relay fun, but hard work:-)

[Presidential805]

Bonjour!

do you not use Fog Nozzles...they are more effective..but it deppends waht strageties you put in place..Im a Fire Academy student,but it all about stragedies and tactics!

[fireloper]

If you use a wide fog you are going to create a ton of steam. Then you are going to make firefighter soup.

[iamthexpainx65]

yegh strat1992...r u sure u no wut a flashover is??many think its kewl cause they're standing 4-5 blocks away....but its shit like that which kills men. I don't care how big u r or wut country your from, stand in a room where everything including the cieliling is burning and im sure youll b thinking twice.

[Presidential805]

true that bro...

[Presidential805]

very true.. some jackass said he was in a oom when flashover occured..he is a lying peice of crap cus he would have been dead..he maybe saw roollever,but deff. not flashover..no PPE would save you form that!

[andylayden]

there are so many different scenarios, if the room is well vented a narrow fog will work on a direct attack, but no ventilation go with the straight stream, and for strat1922 flashover is not cool, if the whole room lights up with you in it, many times your coming out burnt if lucky. I doubt you were in a real flashover.

[urwhatiwant24]

no fog.. smooth bore is the way to go

[pointsur]

we DO NOT use smooth bores on interior attacks anymore. you ARE joking, right?

[emtgregg]

I thought that you would give a quick burst of a fog pattern at the ceiling to cool it and knock back the rollover. Wouldn't a fog cause the most cooling effect? I know never to fog the fire as it will push it up and onto you. Just wondering.

[1075atTheBox]

Fog does nothing but make more steam in that enviorment and you could and probably will burn yourself always cool down with a straight stream

[RescueTech4555]

Quick burst of fog will do nothing but create a thermal inversion...so if you like looking like a damn lobster go for it...otherwise, check your stream at the door and hit 'er head on with a straight stream...after knock down, you can open to a fog pattern out a window for hydraulic ventilation purposes.

[Strat1992]

pff thats really hot. i had my first flashover today :D it was cool. im a firefighter in holland.

[trua7xfan]

no offense but thats a stupid thing to say... flashover kills our brothers yearly so as a fellow firefighter... u sound really stupid...

[slash78332]

Flashovers are cool to see as long as there's nobody inside. The definition of a flashover (in layman's terms) is that the superheated gases in the upper layers of the room cause everything in the room to instantaneously reach ignition temperature at the same time and it all bursts into flame......including any unlucky firefighter stuck in there. I've never personally been in that situation, but I'm guessing that the unlucky firefighter wouldn't think it was so "cool"

[akeila77]

Its very cool ... if your normal living temperature is say...3000 degrees F.. Flashover conditions are 1800 to 2500 deg F. ALL OVER.. as in EVERYTHING... 3 Steps, 10 Seconds to exit, or you are DEAD!!! Period.

[IHeartTyler00]

Yeah, that's the same as gloating about getting in a car accident. It's not cool, it's dangerous. I hope all firefighters in Holland aren't that ignorant.

[phild1066]

In the UK, gas cooling is done by very short pulses, approx 1/4 of a second, of droplets in a 30 degree cone. i guess this is what you call fogging? If you put a jet on alot more water will be put on and will turn to steam and the neutral plane will drop right down.

The swedes are the daddies at fire behavior and branch techniques, we all learn alot from them.

[fireman228ply]

No, what we call fogging is "Full Fog", an adjustable nozzel all the way to the left. The effect draws air into the pattern and brings the fire into you. As for the straight stream, if you "pencil" the hot gases with short burst, you don't upset the thermal balance and creat all the steam.

[phild1066]

What i meant when i said we pulse the fire gases was that we use a fine spray in very short bursts, is this the same in the US? Im not sure what you mean by 'pencil'. basically when using water to extinguish fires only the surface area of the water (droplet size) is available for cooling. If the droplet size is too large, the heat from the fire is only able to turn the surface area of the droplet to steam, large quantities of water do not evaporate and will fall to the floor.

[phild1066]

But if the droplet size is too small the little energy is required to to evaporate all the water and the spray will turn to steam before it penetrates the fire.

[phild1066]

So what im saying is that as the heat of the fire increases the length of pulse and size of droplet will have to be increased, is this what you mean by pencilling or are you not taught to adjust the spray with the changing conditions?

But if the droplet size is too small the little energy is required to to evaporate all the water and the spray will turn to steam before it penetrates the fire.

[phild1066]

Sorry about the long winded explanation of what we are taught over here. This looks like a good and well run demo.

[Nelson22221]

"straight stream" is a setting on a fog nozzle. It is called straight because the pattern is not angled as is your 30 degree pattern(Which would be a narrow stream I believe) When a fire is occuring in a room without proper ventillation it is not recommended to hit the hot gases with a fog stream because all of that water will expand into vapour with explosive quickness and cause steam burns, fire extension, and bring the hot gases from the ceiling to the floor.

[Nelson22221]

When you know that all the hot gases have a safe exit point(for example a whole in the ceiling) a very effective way to attack the fire would be with a fog pattern of 30 degrees. The added water surface area of a narrow fog pattern over a straight stream pattern allows for rapid cooling of the fire area. And to attack the fire you could do a combination attack(attacking the celing level and then circling down to hit the fuel)

[phild1066]

Right i see, your tecniques are the same as over here, just named differently.

The only point i would make is that a flashover will occur in a well ventillated compartment in the first place but i get your point. We also use upper windows as verticle ventillation and never make holes in the roof as i believe you do in the US.

[Nelson22221]

oh really? I'm from Canada. But yea we'll take a chainsaw to a roof or floor if we have too. Thats interesting. Why don't you cut at the roof? Don't want to risk destroying structural members?

[blucattledog]

That may be the case here,,, but in real life scenarios fogging is the way to go.

You wouldnt sit there in a real house fire and play with a flashover like they do in this training video.

Youd be pulsing/fogging the combustable gases and cooling the atmosphere as quick as possible as to avoid the flashover alltogether. Then you attack the seats of the fire directly. Steam might burn you and push the atmosphere downwards breifly,, but if the room flashes,,, you die.

[phild1066]

Your are absolutely correct apart from that if you gas-cool correctly you wont get steam and therefore wont burn yourself, just by controling how much water you use you will prevent this.

[fireman228ply]

You are correct about the playing with the flashover part, but this is training, and we were learning what not to do. Don't forget about ventilation, it is just as important as cooling the super heated gases

[Nelson22221]

Sounds like you are discussing what to do if you suspected a flashover was imminent and you had to delay it to get out of the room.

If the smoke from the celing suddenly drops to the floor it might mean flashover is about to occur, in that case you could hit the smoke and cool it enough to delay the flashover yet create harmful steam. You would then find your exit and retreat.

[firedog26]

Great video!!!I`ve been in the flashover simulator a few times,but never tried testing the fog/straight stream expirement.Very nice!!!!

[happyemojoe]

i admire firemen...=]

[redraider217]

lol @ sally in the back left.......cant possibly crouch any lower....if ya scared, say ya scared!

[fireman228ply]

yeah homeboy was a little scared. First fire he ever saw, but he got used to it by the end of class. But yeah pretty funny

[firerescue84]

the right way to fight a flashover is with a straight shot sweeping it back first then blacking it out with a circle pattern. A fog pattern just causes excessive steam, STEAM BURNS YOU!!!! Fog patterns are good for heat shielding on approach to something like a propane tank when you need to get to the shut-off valve. But I wouldn't try to fight any fire directly with a fog pattern.

[fireman228ply]

Your right, that was the lessons being taught that day, Using a fog pattern will bring the fire and hot gasses to you, not what you want to do. I think this video shows extremely well the diffenences between fog and straight stream.

[alabamaguy485]

you only bring the hot gases and fire to you if you use a counter-clockwise motiion. and plus if you go into a room that has already flashed or flashes on you, you want to use a 30 degree fog in a clockwise motion for 5 seconds then turn off and see what happens. enjoy

[Deadeye2020]

If a you have a room that flashes, you'd most likely be dead! Unless you are quick enough to drop to the ground, turn the nozzle...left for life and hope you survive. Most likely you'll be very badly burned if you do survive.

[alabamaguy485]

you should already be on the floor, pref, on your side once youve reached the fire room, so if it does flash you dont have to waste time getting down. and a narrow fog at ceiling will do.

[kevdog1148]

@Deadeye2020 you do realize the entire point of this is to show you penciling will break the cycle up just enough for you to abandon your position and bailout

[Deadeye2020]

@kevdog1148 I simply stated a fact about facing a flashover. I do now what this video is all about, I took the training twice. Flashover training should be mandatory for all fire fighters. Prepares fire fighters how to prevent a flashover and how to possibly survive a flashover, as well. Peace!

[winters30]

Good demo, like it.

[fireman228ply]

thank you, was a good learning experiance using full fogs in flashover's. Tell everyone to watch this one.

[winters30]

Yeah I will do. We don't get live training in our brigade and learning in a job isn't the best place to start, especially when you see your clip. Stay safe brother.

[naizal1622]

I'm sorry but i do not seem to understand. In my country we practise the fog pattern in a flashover. But in a recent u.s. article they advise on using the jet method. Can you tell me what shd be the appropriate method... Thnx..