@TacTiCOrc As a general statement, to have "data" or "information", you only need 2 states; from there, you're able to construct an entire system around interpreting it. The computer doesn't see it as a 1 or 0 of course, just either an electric charge or not. As a side note, Life on Earth is represented with 4 bases of information in DNA. If you want better details on how these tiny circuits in electronics work, search for "Logic gate" on the internet. Wikipedia is a good place to start.
@TacTiCOrc As for what essentially controls the CPU in a computer, it's a combination of low-level software (usually written in assembly/machine language), and programs at a higher "abstraction layer", such as an OS kernel queuing up program operations in execution threads for the CPU to process based on priorities; "hardware interrupts" are basically at the top. To give you a hint of the highly precise manufacturing steps involved in creating a CPU, search "Semiconductor device fabrication".
@Asephei Thank you, but that doesnt answer my question. So the Kernel controls the CPU, but i still dont know how the transistors are being moved from being conductor to being isolator. Someone has to move these millions of transistors, and i would like to know who and how.
@TacTiCOrc A CPU is extremely complex, but to simplify it drastically, I go back to the concept of "logic gates". Generally speaking, a few transistors working together form a logic gate, and that gate is able to compare incoming binary data (simply by whether an electric charge exists or not on the input, 1 or 0) using boolean operators such as AND, OR, NOT, etc, and with these simple constructs, the gate is able to compare and even perform math on binary values.
@TacTiCOrc It might be a bit easier to understand if you think of colors on a monitor; each pixel is really a red, green, and blue sub-pixel, and in 8-bit unsigned integer-based color, there are 255 levels of each sub-pixel. So full red is: 255, 0, 0. Each character may be represented with a byte of information, for example, 2 in binary is: 00110010. These may be hardcoded and the 2 is defined by vector graphics, therefore it rasterizes at any resolution without losing detail.
@Asephei Correction, not 255, 256 I meant. In 8-bit unsigned integer color, you have, well, 8 bits, and 2 to the power of 8 is 256. In steps it goes from 0 to 255, which is a total of 256 levels of color value change in each red, green, and blue sub-pixel. The 8 bit thing is completely inadequate in representing anything close to the brightness values encountered in the real world, that's why 8-bit imagery must be gamma-corrected to get the most out of such a small amount of color values.
@TacTiCOrc Also consider digital video. If you have a 1920x1080 image (frame), that is 2,073,600 pixels. Each pixel is 3 bytes of information (in 8-bit integer color), resulting in 6,220,800 bytes (6.22 MB) per frame. Multiply this by, for example, 2 hours at 24 frames per second: 6.22 MB * 7,200 seconds * 24 fps = 1.075 Terabytes (1,075 GB) of data for a typical 2 hour movie, uncompressed. That would be more than 20 dual-layer 50 GB BluRays.
@Asephei You are writing so much stuff i already know, but that wasnt my question. It seems like you dont understand what im talking about. But since this seems to be a bit too hard to explain i will just try to find answers on google. Thank you anyway for your efforts.
@TacTiCOrc I know I digressed from your original question and threw in an example about digital data but the raw details about how information is worked on in a processor are best found in scientific and engineering literature, but there's plenty of information online as well. I wouldn't be able to give you the answer satisfactorily because whatever I know there are countless things I don't know and never will know, but keep knowledge seeking.
@TacTiCOrc Sophisticated maths such as the "Discrete Fourier Transform" are used to develop compression schemes to reduce file sizes of such image and video content, and the same goes for audio. Keeping it general, visual and audio is usually compressed in a "lossy" scheme (though some formats like FLAC audio are lossless), while a ZIP archive compresses data "losslessly" (it has to). The simplest form of lossless compression is "Run-Length Encoding" and anyone can understand it.
@TacTiCOrc Again on the most basic level what makes a computer useful are the logic gates, an electronic calculator is a very simple computer. I can't answer your question because the answer would require too much space. There's an amazing amount of information online about any topic so the answer is there. You might also want to buy an electronics kit and build your own logic gates. I'm not an electrical engineer or anything, just someone interested in science and technology as a side-hobby.
Usually it's a voltage. 5V(or some other arbitrary voltage) is a 1 and 0V is a zero. Transistors work by amplifying current (a small amount of electric flow from one side opens the door for a LOT more current to flow.) Hope that helped. Reply if more explanation is wanted.
@MrGeneralRelativity Actually what's inside a CPU is at least thousands of times more complex than this video could ever show, I only hinted at that complexity here. Google "CPU die" and check out the images for a little more detail. Keep in mind that a modern CPU die is about the size of an adult human fingernail. As of 2011, the smallest features in that die are 32 nanometers in length. That's 32 millionths of a millimeter. Individual atoms are around 0.06 to 0.5 nanometers across.
@heavenfromhell In real life these devices are very small and are made in sophisticated semi-conductor fabrication plants, however for this video I created them using 3D animation software called Maya, then flew a virtual camera through the scenes. The items in the video aren't real, they're just representations of real objects, ones so small it would be impossible to fly an ordinary camera around and inside them in the real world.
It's really amazing how Microprocessor Companies add all that stuff into one little chip. That is by far the best and most important piece of technology, and 90% of the people in my area don't know what it is or what it does. All they know is Facebook or Twitter. I really think that people should know what this does and how it works, so they can Dig deeper into the life of Technology.
@Blizzardo1 I agree with what you said. The complexity of the microchip is incredible, and I only had time to hint at that complexity in this video. The most interesting thing about all this is that with every year, the components are getting smaller and smaller. "Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography" (using ~13 nanometer UV radiation in vacuum) is the newer technology which is steadily replacing the current "Photolithographic" (using photoresists) techniques for developing such small circuitry.
@Asephei ikr? Just look at your computer, try to think as fast as your computer. Try to think like your computer, you wouldn't be able to calculate 2+2 as fast as your computer can. That's the complexity kicking in. Imagine over a billion gates in your area that open and close under a billionth of a second. Over a billion gates are in our Processors per core today.Just imagine that.You couldn't imagine a billion gates close all at once.
Isso não é de Deus não. É complicado demais!!!
marcoamartins2 1 week ago
youtube.com/watch?v=BL2DPFISUgM
GoCubsGo2012 6 months ago
Can someone explain to me how the transistors work?
I mean who changes their position from 0 to 1 ?
I dont understand how the Data Input is being transformed into Data Output. Would be thankful for explanation.
TacTiCOrc 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc As a general statement, to have "data" or "information", you only need 2 states; from there, you're able to construct an entire system around interpreting it. The computer doesn't see it as a 1 or 0 of course, just either an electric charge or not. As a side note, Life on Earth is represented with 4 bases of information in DNA. If you want better details on how these tiny circuits in electronics work, search for "Logic gate" on the internet. Wikipedia is a good place to start.
Asephei 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc As for what essentially controls the CPU in a computer, it's a combination of low-level software (usually written in assembly/machine language), and programs at a higher "abstraction layer", such as an OS kernel queuing up program operations in execution threads for the CPU to process based on priorities; "hardware interrupts" are basically at the top. To give you a hint of the highly precise manufacturing steps involved in creating a CPU, search "Semiconductor device fabrication".
Asephei 7 months ago
@Asephei Thank you, but that doesnt answer my question. So the Kernel controls the CPU, but i still dont know how the transistors are being moved from being conductor to being isolator. Someone has to move these millions of transistors, and i would like to know who and how.
TacTiCOrc 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc A CPU is extremely complex, but to simplify it drastically, I go back to the concept of "logic gates". Generally speaking, a few transistors working together form a logic gate, and that gate is able to compare incoming binary data (simply by whether an electric charge exists or not on the input, 1 or 0) using boolean operators such as AND, OR, NOT, etc, and with these simple constructs, the gate is able to compare and even perform math on binary values.
Asephei 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc It might be a bit easier to understand if you think of colors on a monitor; each pixel is really a red, green, and blue sub-pixel, and in 8-bit unsigned integer-based color, there are 255 levels of each sub-pixel. So full red is: 255, 0, 0. Each character may be represented with a byte of information, for example, 2 in binary is: 00110010. These may be hardcoded and the 2 is defined by vector graphics, therefore it rasterizes at any resolution without losing detail.
Asephei 7 months ago
@Asephei Correction, not 255, 256 I meant. In 8-bit unsigned integer color, you have, well, 8 bits, and 2 to the power of 8 is 256. In steps it goes from 0 to 255, which is a total of 256 levels of color value change in each red, green, and blue sub-pixel. The 8 bit thing is completely inadequate in representing anything close to the brightness values encountered in the real world, that's why 8-bit imagery must be gamma-corrected to get the most out of such a small amount of color values.
Asephei 4 months ago
@TacTiCOrc Also consider digital video. If you have a 1920x1080 image (frame), that is 2,073,600 pixels. Each pixel is 3 bytes of information (in 8-bit integer color), resulting in 6,220,800 bytes (6.22 MB) per frame. Multiply this by, for example, 2 hours at 24 frames per second: 6.22 MB * 7,200 seconds * 24 fps = 1.075 Terabytes (1,075 GB) of data for a typical 2 hour movie, uncompressed. That would be more than 20 dual-layer 50 GB BluRays.
Asephei 7 months ago
@Asephei You are writing so much stuff i already know, but that wasnt my question. It seems like you dont understand what im talking about. But since this seems to be a bit too hard to explain i will just try to find answers on google. Thank you anyway for your efforts.
TacTiCOrc 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc I know I digressed from your original question and threw in an example about digital data but the raw details about how information is worked on in a processor are best found in scientific and engineering literature, but there's plenty of information online as well. I wouldn't be able to give you the answer satisfactorily because whatever I know there are countless things I don't know and never will know, but keep knowledge seeking.
Asephei 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc Sophisticated maths such as the "Discrete Fourier Transform" are used to develop compression schemes to reduce file sizes of such image and video content, and the same goes for audio. Keeping it general, visual and audio is usually compressed in a "lossy" scheme (though some formats like FLAC audio are lossless), while a ZIP archive compresses data "losslessly" (it has to). The simplest form of lossless compression is "Run-Length Encoding" and anyone can understand it.
Asephei 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc Again on the most basic level what makes a computer useful are the logic gates, an electronic calculator is a very simple computer. I can't answer your question because the answer would require too much space. There's an amazing amount of information online about any topic so the answer is there. You might also want to buy an electronics kit and build your own logic gates. I'm not an electrical engineer or anything, just someone interested in science and technology as a side-hobby.
Asephei 7 months ago
@TacTiCOrc
Isnt that at leasst a 3 year long engineering degree? I know, but would never take the time to explain
truckrally 6 months ago
@TacTiCOrc
Usually it's a voltage. 5V(or some other arbitrary voltage) is a 1 and 0V is a zero. Transistors work by amplifying current (a small amount of electric flow from one side opens the door for a LOT more current to flow.) Hope that helped. Reply if more explanation is wanted.
axelasdf 5 months ago
This is really a grt video at least for novoices........Grt work man......
robinthomas42 8 months ago
20,000 THIS WILL BE JUNK!
dylan2009ist 8 months ago
Holy shit! Is all this inside my small CPU behind the big fan? Damn!!!
MrGeneralRelativity 10 months ago
@MrGeneralRelativity Actually what's inside a CPU is at least thousands of times more complex than this video could ever show, I only hinted at that complexity here. Google "CPU die" and check out the images for a little more detail. Keep in mind that a modern CPU die is about the size of an adult human fingernail. As of 2011, the smallest features in that die are 32 nanometers in length. That's 32 millionths of a millimeter. Individual atoms are around 0.06 to 0.5 nanometers across.
Asephei 10 months ago
@Asephei
Oh.... D-A-M-N! :D
MrGeneralRelativity 10 months ago
Alien technology Roswell 1947........from Brazil......
brunolimamaia 11 months ago
It doesn't look bad for hand made device
heavenfromhell 11 months ago
@heavenfromhell In real life these devices are very small and are made in sophisticated semi-conductor fabrication plants, however for this video I created them using 3D animation software called Maya, then flew a virtual camera through the scenes. The items in the video aren't real, they're just representations of real objects, ones so small it would be impossible to fly an ordinary camera around and inside them in the real world.
Asephei 11 months ago
It's really amazing how Microprocessor Companies add all that stuff into one little chip. That is by far the best and most important piece of technology, and 90% of the people in my area don't know what it is or what it does. All they know is Facebook or Twitter. I really think that people should know what this does and how it works, so they can Dig deeper into the life of Technology.
Blizzardo1 1 year ago
@Blizzardo1 I agree with what you said. The complexity of the microchip is incredible, and I only had time to hint at that complexity in this video. The most interesting thing about all this is that with every year, the components are getting smaller and smaller. "Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography" (using ~13 nanometer UV radiation in vacuum) is the newer technology which is steadily replacing the current "Photolithographic" (using photoresists) techniques for developing such small circuitry.
Asephei 1 year ago
@Asephei ikr? Just look at your computer, try to think as fast as your computer. Try to think like your computer, you wouldn't be able to calculate 2+2 as fast as your computer can. That's the complexity kicking in. Imagine over a billion gates in your area that open and close under a billionth of a second. Over a billion gates are in our Processors per core today.Just imagine that.You couldn't imagine a billion gates close all at once.
Blizzardo1 1 year ago
lol
grillote33 1 year ago
dayum those graphics kick ass nice project
hubzcaps 1 year ago
wow, this is really cool!
notnerdyjustsmart 1 year ago 2