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From: bassicprincipal
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  • good stuff!. subscribed.

  • Good information sir!!!

  • Very nice... thank you for your videos. What would help me a lot regarding tritone substitutions is a demonstration of their use in a simple song like Blessed Assurance or Amazing Grace... Thanks

  • You are an excellent teacher. Please make some more videos about Gospel piano, especially soul gospel piano.

  • Hey, @pianomanize, retarded is a description for those who are truly mentally/ developmentally retarded, not retard. Thy are fine people, just a little different and maybe not so blessed as someone like yourself. So how'ze about a little respect, anymore than you would use the "n" word. I really hate to see it thrown around by rude, ignorant people such as yourself.

  • your vid would be more helpfull if we could see the keyboard properly, and not your face. we can hear your we don't need to see you.

  • youre dumb and dont know what youre talking about BUD.

  • this guys a RETARD.

  • @pianomanize Please tell me how you got to that conclusion..

  • clear as mud!

  • thank you very much for explaining tritones you made it sound extremely simple. This video was excellent thank you again.

  • Thanks for explaining the difference between the tri-tone substitution and the tri-tone voicing.

  • I couldn't see you left hand...

  • @secretcheef , cool perspective, I never tried thinking that way, this should be fun.

  • i like the way you teach man. Please keep adding vids!

  • thanks alot i now understand the "mystery" of tri tones.. it is really easy. and i guess the same principle applies for di tones. :)

  • 3 and b7 is the easiest way to explain it.

  • when i listen to triton i start to be possesd by SATAN!

  • OR ITS A 3 AND b7

  • "hellooooooo!"

  • You are the first one I've seen that explained it correctly. Thanks for the uniformity. C7(#5,#9), or F# 6/9(#11) or F#13(#11) with c inverted in top voice. You are smooth. GB-(God Bless).

  • Thanks for sharing

  • Many thanks for give us your Knowledge.

    May Jesus bless you !

  • Mr. Ruffin,  Thank you so much for sharing your musical understanding of this concept. I will apply it to my playing-Jazzie421

  • Dude you have the friendliest voice in the world.

  • Thank you for this video!! Inspiring!! I like gospel and jazz piano and you are handing out the keys. I WILL study your vids and let you know where they may take me. Peace

  • Recently, in marching band (fresh man, and it was band camp), I learned of what Tri-Tones are. Our director told us she studied music theory, and that (from what I'm piecing together what she's saying) they were discovered in the medeival ages, where they were called "The Devil's Chord", but when properly used, they were soothing, and more pleasant than the originally discovered ones. (Posting this before watching entire video)

  • An interesting post. I gotta say though that it's a little strange that the fact that F# & Gb are the same note is so thoroughly explained in a 2 minute lesson about tritone substitution! A player who didn't know that probably wouldn't even understand major triads, much less substitution.

  • great lesson, thank u!

  • YES!! YES!! THIS IS DELICIOUS!!!! (m.bison)

  • milton is a great teacher i respect his work, playing with him is so much fun

  • I play by ear and I don't know how to play a tri tone. It really is frustrating and discouraging because when your around other musicians that start playing a whirlwind of tri-tones/di-tones/modulations­/ 5ths, etc..., it instantaneously makes you sound inferior. After watching this and other videos I still don't understand.

  • @ChurchBoy0487

    learn! you wont get very fr learning by ear. please. dont ruin music for yourself. study music.

  • This guy talks to me as if I'm retarded. Very obnoxious! YES I KNOW, G flat and F sharp sound exactly the same, damn it.

  • I remember a music theory teacher in college that said "people could be tried and executed for using a tritone in their music"! Obviously this was old Catholic Church thinking the tritone was "evil" sounding, when it is simply 1/2 of an octave. Ironically, the Dominant 7th chord (which contains a tritone) is one of the Church's early chord discoveries beyond the basic Church mode triads (except for that Locrian one, oh God! It has a tritone!)

  • This is likely false. Medieval music theorists avoided the tritone because it was unpleasant and difficult to deal with. They labeled it Diabolus in Musica likely because it was so difficult for them to work around. Musical scales and notation descend from the quest to avoid it. There is no record of the Church ever banning the Tritone or punishing anyone for its use that I am aware of, that is likely a myth that arose out of the colorful nickname that theorists gave it.

  • @AIKevorkian Sounds like another black legend (since "everyone knows" that people were executed for the slightest reason in the Middle Ages). In fact, there is no reference to tritones being the "Devil in Music" prior to the 18th century, long after the trend of disparaging the people of the Middle Ages had begun.

  • @AIKevorkian whoa whoa whoa whoa whoa...

    The Dominant 7th Chord in F would be C

    The tones that go into that would be: C E G Bb.... When C is the root a Tritone up from C would be an F#... Only fancy jazz chords would bother with putting a raised 4th, or flat 5th in the chord.

    The dominant chord as it stands on it's own, 1-3-5-b7, does not contain the 4#, or 5b, which is the tritone... am i missing something here when you said the dominant 7th chord contains a tritone?

  • @Splurgendii

    The tritone's between E and Bb.

    :P

  • @Vanguarde12 oh, you're right.. 3rd to 7.. good eye!

  • @AIKevorkian wait, what? i find this very weird how a tone is evil? what tone? the church is tripping

  • @AIKevorkian I love to see other musicians online who actually know the background behind these different musical terms and understand the theory behind it also. It een often I'd come across someone else who understands these things

  • @AIKevorkian yeah remember learning that in my ap music theory class in my junior year in high school ;)

  • @AIKevorkian haha, my teacher said the same thing!

  • Are tritone substitutions mainly used as passing chords?

  • The tritone works best in passing in most situations (my opinion). This is because it has an unresolved sound quality. Using a dominant tritone will leave the listener somewhat on edge because the music has not resolved itself. That said, dominant tritones can be and are used purposely to this affect to convey tension, darkness, or even evil. They can be found in such diverse places as public warning sirens, train whistles, and some car horns because they demand attention due to their quality

  • No, not always. They are commonly found at more harmonically important moments as well, as they are used as more complex and harmonically progressing substitutes in place of the typical dominant. Rather than leading the ear to a D chord with a A7 (the V of D), you can substitute a Eb7 and lead to the D chord. Eb7 contains the same tritone (G - Db) and it's inherent resolution tendencies as the A7 (C#-G).

  • If you didn't catch it he gave away a HUGE tip at the end. Play the dominant seventh's 3 and 7 notes in your left hand, and keep playing them as you improvise with your right. Try all kinds of triads and inversions in your right hand and you'll find almost everything works. Watch the end of this video again

  • Thanks ,Any more Tips on the Tritone?

  • I stopped playing my bass years ago but I'm thinking of picking it back up after watching you. Maybe it's His will? Thanks for the inspiration! ;) I forgot what I was missing...

  • This could get tedious. He did not play a Db in this example on this video. For the Gb chord to be called Gb13(#11), there would have to be a Db present as the 5th. Since that note is absent in this example, the label ends up being a Gb13(b5) Gb-Bb-Dbb(C)-Fb(E)-Ab-Eb of course, as is usually done, the 11th (Cb) is left out in this type of chord. Again, it's only a label, but if we are going to get picky about what to call it, it is what it is and Db is not present as the 5th of the Gb chord.

  • Comment removed

  • Hi..

    Even in classical music you can substitute the 5th degree because 1) Doesn't determine a Major or minor Chord (the 3rd is the one that determines that) and 2) is good to sibstitute the 5th when you use the #11. You can see a lot of Bach Chorales that show that you can omit the 5th while you're using major or minor chords.

    God bless!

  • Unfortunately, you are using the word "substitute" when you actually mean "absence". You're absolutely correct in noting that it is common to find the 5th of a major or minor triad missing because of a voice leading need to double one of the other chord members - especially in 4-part Bach choral writing. And, you may find instances where the 5th is missing when a #11 is being used, however, one of the reasons and beauties of a #11 is the dissonance that is created against the existing 5th.

  • Part 2 - unfortunately, you are misunderstanding the whole point of this discussion. Tritone Substitution has nothing to do with a chord member missing from the spelling of a chord in context. Rather, it is about substituting a chord in the place of another, specifically containing the same tritone so that the inherent resolution still exists. Rather than lead the ear to a D chord with the usual A7 (V of D), lead to it with an Eb7 which contains the same tritone as found in A7 - C#(Db) and G.

  • When you guys have finished talking like suttm off Dexter's Lab.lemme know.....but still, It's a great thing to have such a knowledge of music. I commend you both

  • @gaiden88

    Lol, it sometimes sounds more complicated than it is. Music theory is the cold logic behind music—it's interesting because it's incredible how music, something so abstract, is so hard-rooted into these concepts and rules. But, in my opinion, the greatest artists are the ones that manipulate theory and don't let theory manipulate them.

  • Comment removed

  • Of course, who really cares what we call it-it could be called potato-that's just the label. What is important is how it sounds and how it is used. My whole point in the beginning of this series of comments is to point out that we need to be careful using labels inaccurately. It just happens too frequently and I got a bit frustrated when I started my lengthy response(s). All intended for us all to consider our terms, processes, labels, etc. so not to mislead or further confuse. Best to all!

  • Comment removed

  • You're absolutely right, I forgot that he was playing the #9 on the C chord. In the Gb context, it would definitely be Gb13(b5). I understand your thought process of still wanting to call it C since it is moving to a type of F chord. However, my point is simply that we've now substituted another chord (not another root) for the C dominant chord. Same function-different chord and very unique sound.  If you call C the root, you now have C7 (#5,#9,#11)/F# or C7(b5,#9,b13)/Gb or just C7alt/F# :)

  • Comment removed

  • Have to be careful here ! Ive noticed often times a b5 chord type is realy a disguised #11, so in the Gb context here, we have Gb7 with extensions 9,#11,13 , tee hee hee

  • Tritonesg , when playing the C chord here i would virtually use any notes of the C altered scale,or in the Gb context with lydian dominant scale. If there is a better way of for students to "demystify " this please continue to give us your perspective.

  • Comment removed

  • .As for Tritonesg suggesting its a Gb 9(b5), well what happend to the #9 of C? In a Gb scenario its more precise to call it a 13 chord. Yet in this particular movement i prefer applying the C as an altered chord in the tritone inversion because the Diatonic progression is going from C to F, just as in substituting any other inversion of C it still remains a C chord  .

  • Comment removed

  • 6) xJasbo is correct in stating that musicians would prefer to see how it is used - one should always provide practical application. However, the statement "alot of musicians know enough theory" blows me away. "enough" theory? Alot of musicians know just enough to get themselves further confused when concepts are explained vaguely - I'm concerned for those. Those who view this and take it as accurate explanations of the construction of a tritone interval and it's use in tritone substitutions.

  • Your perceptive on tritones is vital indeed but the deal is there never has been a fixed analytical standard when assigning names to every type of chord substitution , infact many of the great composers in history didnt even consider chromatics as being seperate chords but only as passing tones .

  • Like you said earlier, chords of similar aspects , or even inversions for that matter , have several naming options depending on the tonal hierarchy or target of resolution and this is about the only reason notation is superior to any other music format because trying to give a technical name for every chord movement becomes insane.

  • 5) This video could be aimed at folks who are wanting an example of common "gospel" chord voicings or common progressions using substitutions and passing chords in the gospel genre. He sounds great and his choice of voicings are wonderful and certainly characteristic of the gospel style. It simply doesn't teach the concepts (or "unlock the mystery") of what it claims to teach. Again, the novice musician would not be able to construct or process their own after viewing this.

  • 4) Example 3: xJasbo's comment referred to "tritone substitution" as if it a chord quality that has many different types. Tritone substitution is a not a chord type - it is the process of substituting a chord that contains the same tritone and therefore will function and resolve the same way as the chord for which it is substituting. Also, the term "voicing" is used were you meant "spelling". Spelling the chord members vs. how the player chose to "voice" those chord members.

  • 3) Example 2: you even mentioned in your comment "now with the tritone F# substituted as the root". F# is not a tritone. AND, you can't substitute a root of a chord. If you change the root, you have a whole new chord with a new root. You can substitute a chord for a chord, which is what "tritone substitution" refers to. I know what you meant, but what about the novice who could be mislead or confused by this?

  • 2) For example: the video states that F# and Gb are the same note. You and I know what he means by that, but what about the student who now creates an unintentional bias in their minds for that statement. F# and Gb are fingered the same way, may have the same sound (some would even argue that based on context), but they have different names and functions. You may even say that they occupy a different position in the hierarchy of relationships to the tonic.

  • 1) Sorry if my previous comments sounded condescending or were taken the wrong way. They were meant simply to fill in the gaps that this video left. That is, for the novice musician or student out there who is searching for information on this topic. My frustration comes in the fact that so much misinformation and pedagogically inaccurate explanations are presented as fact. The knowledgeable musician will see this and fill in the gaps or look past any confusion, but what about the student?

  • hmmmI 'm gonna write a song using just tri-tone and it will end on a leading tone >:)

  • 15) This example uses some altered pitches as opposed to a basic dominant 7th chord. Is it a tritone substitution? Absolutely, but you don't explain the contents of the chords and how it is substituting for the dominant (5) of F. Therefore, how could a student ever build one of their own or consider the function for themselves? The process is often much more important (and practically useful) than the end result in music theory!! Please read the full thread of comments - in 15 parts.

  • He doesnt explain what a tritone is ? Your head must be spun, he literaly says its an interval of a #4th/b5th, how much more clarification is necessary .

    As for tritone substitution he clarifies it being the tritone of the target chords dominant and functions by resolving in the same way.. He doesnt explain the contents of the chord? In this case they are the same "members" as the C altered chord he explained yet now with the tritone F# substituted as the root

  • Google altered chords If youre not familiar with common voicings for tritone subs . There is no singular type as in other chords, instead they consist of various combination's of altered 5ths and 9ths often left for improvising.

  • Its rather absurd to expect him to explain all the rhetoric you posted, alot of musicians know enough theory and would rather see how it functions instead of the redundant 101 approach.

  • 14) Last but not least, your example here uses a C7(#5 #9) resolving to F.  Then, you substitute the same pitches with a F#(Gb) in the bass. This substitution chord is now Gb9 (b5) Gb-Bb-Dbb(C)-Fb(E)-Ab(G#) The tritone is the same in both chords - both chords contain E and Bb which comprise the tritone. Those notes resolve E-F and Bb-A or Ab depending on whether you move to F major or F minor.

  • 13) Tritone substitution is a dominant 7th chord containing the same tritone as the dominant 7th chord it is substituting for and is built on a root that is a tritone away from the root of the chord, for which it is substituting. Why does it work? Because it contains the same tritone and therefore can be used to create the same resolution of dissonance to consonance.

  • 12) F is the 4th scale degree (FA) of the key of C and resolved downward to E. Our ears are "programed" to hear 7 lead to 1 and 4 resolve to 3. Again, this is based on our years of audible experience with tonal music. Composers can do this typical resolution to help us feel comfortable, or they can purposefully avoid it and do something else to create surprise, increased tension, lack or resolution, etc. You can find this in all different genres.

  • 11) Again, if your eventual resolution is to move to a C triad, this substitution of the Db7 chord also allows a 1/2 step motion in the bass Db-C. Refer to the necessity to have a brief discussion on 1/2 steps and the concept of their pull or resolution tendencies. When doing Db7-C rather than G7-C, you'll hear a more "jazzy" sound, but you'll still hear the same tritone resolve the same way. B is the leading tone (7th scale degree / TI) and resolves to C.

  • 10) You may need to use enharmonics (same sound with a different note name). Db7 (dominant 7th chord built on Db) contains the same tritone between the 3 and 7. Notice that it has flipped. Cb (B) is now the 7th instead of the 3rd and F is now the 3rd instead of the 7th. Also, notice that the roots are a tritone apart. G compared to Db.

  • 9) tritone substitution is the term given to a chord that substitutes for the "traditional" choice and contains the same tritone. Containing the same tritones allows the same tension/dissonance and inherent resolution to occur. Remember, the tritone was found between the 3 and 7 of the dominant 7th chord. Build another dominant 7th chord (major triad / minor 7th) that contains B and F.

  • 8) Again, it doesn't have to do that and composers/arrangers use this all the time to either do what is "expected" or to avoid the inherent resolution and take your ear somewhere else as a surprise. If your destination is a C triad, the G7 chord will lead you there and pull your ear there. It contains the tritone between B-F and it also contains the leading tone to C, which is B. A quick discussion of half-step resolutions, leading tones, etc. could clear up any confusion at this point.

  • 7) Back to the tritone - within that G7 chord there is a tritone between B-F (the 3rd and 7th of the chord). The dissonance of this interval is one of the main reasons for the instability (feeling of needing to resolve to something more stable) of that chord. When you hear a G7 resolve to a C triad (major or minor), you experience the resolution of dissonance resolving to something more consonant.

  • 6) Even when it is not used as 5 going to 1, it still contains that same sound and that same inherent resolution tendency whether it resolves or not. As a side note, this inherent resolution tendency is based on not only the dissonance/consonance issue mentioned above, but also our own personal wealth of listening experience based on the last several hundred years of "tonal" music and what we've come to expect musically.

  • 5) Some text books refer to this chord as a Major/Minor 7th chord because the triad (1-3-5) is major and the interval of the 7th is minor when measured against the root. When labeling 7th chords, you consider the triad quality and the 7th interval quality. However, you'll never hear a musician call it a Major/Minor 7th chord because we all know how it functions as a dominant sound (5).

  • 4) This is known as a dominant 7th chord because it is only found diatonically (within the key and without alterations) in the dominant position - that is, built off of the dominant scale degree which is the 5th scale degree. This quality of 7th chord is only found in one location diatonically and has such a significant function that it is simply known as Dominant 7th chord.

  • 3) Notice I just took the notes that created the tritone and resolved them in opposite motion (either outward or inward depending on how it is voiced) by step to an interval that is heard as more consonant. More consonant only because the pitches line up more easily with the overtones of the "root" note in question. The chord G7 (G dominant 7) contains the pitched G-B-D-F. A major triad and a minor 7th.

  • 2) This dissonance has an inherent desire to resolve to consonance. A quick discussion on dissonance and consonance and how they depend on one another might be in order here. B-F creates a tritone (#4/b5) distance.  It only sounds dissonant and feels the urge to resolve because C-E sounds more consonant. OR, Bb/Gb.

  • 1 in a series of comments. Watch the chain of comments.

    Unfortunately, you haven't explained what a tritone is or what a tritone substitution is. A tritone is the distance of 3 whole-steps / 6 half-steps. The dissonance that is created is due to the overtone series - the #4/b5 creates dissonance with the root because it clashes with the acoustical overtones of the root. Of course, dissonance is OK and is not "bad", it's simply a matter of how it's used and how it's treated in context.

  • How can I send an email with more info. than the Youtube comment window will allow? Thanks.

  • made me wish I played piano instead of guitar

  • in medieval times the tritobe was also known as diabolus in musica (the devils scale) and was banned from music because it was thought to bring out the devil. thats what he meant. but that was just in medieval times.

  • That's just the reason they would give to discredit anything that threatened the status quo (not just music) at the time, secular music was a threat to the state, similar to how jazz was deemed "decadent" in Russia under Soviet rule. I'm sure Lenin would have called it "The Capitalist's Scale" if he knew a trumpet from a trombone.

    Today, knowledge is free (for now)

  • Except in China...

  • And musica ficta (false notes) derived from that, using accidentals to soften or harden the notes they avoided.

  • then cam black sabbath and they used it for their title track on thier first album called black sabbath check it out if u dont believe me.

  • im a HUGE black sabbath fan lol

  • Watch out Ganon is planning on stealing our beloved Tri tones!

  • good bless you just to share your knowledge.Thanks

  • you can always substitute a note with a f u, hahahahahahaha

  • huh? lol u have a brain? lol, there's no such thing as satanic tone u dumbass christian

  • ALL HAIL THE MUSIC OF THE BEAST!

  • Great job of demystifying the whole tri-tone/ tri-tone subs. thing. This is the most simplified explanation yet.

  • Hello, I'm Jesse thankyou for this video it's really good. Anyway, I don't understand why the aug5aug9 is also part of the tritone. I understand the left hand. Is it a tritone altered chord?

  • The chord is actually called a C7aug5aug9...with aug meaning augmented which is raising a note 1/2 step, or mking it sharp. The Chord is broken up by placing the dominate tones [Root, 3rd, and dominate or blues 7th] in the left hand and the aug 5 and 9 in the right hand with possibly the third added below the #5 for fullness.

  • OMG, FINALLY!!!--someone who can explain tritones in an easy to understand way AND BRAVO TO THAT, my friend! Thanks so much for explaining this great mystery to us who have probably used these chords and not even known what they were or the theory behind it. Learning the theory makes it so much easier to use it in every key. Wonderful, patient lesson. I certainly do appreciate the explanation!

  • thanks!

  • I think it is amazing, because I have played these same chords, and never knew this is what they were called.

  • The tritone is sometimes called the Devil in Music.

    A man called John Milton wrote an epic poem about the Fall of Lucifer.

    This guy, named Milton, has a video on the tritone.

    COINCIDENCE??

    (Hint: It is. But some people look for these kind of things. They're weird.)

  • Yeah it was banned in catholic churches I believe during the middle ages,crazy.

  • apparently not according to the comment below. I don't know myself though.

  • @nakenmil If beautiful chords and music inspires and moves people, how could it be the devil in music? The problem is with people who put these kind of values. God didn't write religions, people did and guess what? People are fighting over different interpretations and religions. Love and Peace to you all.

  • @affilinairess Wait, are you trolling me? Because you seem to completely have missed the point of my post.

  • @nakenmil Plezz noob the minor ninth is SOOOOOO much more evil than the now-commonplace tritones. psssshhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

  • @LSDpeasantry OOOH MAAAAN!! YOU BE TRIPPIN'!

  • This was very helpful! Could you possibly show examples of songs including tritones?

  • haha trumpet player speaking, you wanna know tritones look maria done by either maynard ferguson or arturo Sandoval. prolly not quite what your looking for but hey, its great =)

  • Great video instructions. Tri-tones is a part of what I missed during my study of music. While this is great material, I have to say, if I didn't already know what I do, I would TOTALLY be lost watching this video. None the less, this IS great stuff. I subscribed and look forward to viewing more. Keep up the good work.

  • Good instructional video, very thorough. Also the comments are good for a laugh

  • God Created music the DEvil just attempts to Prevert it.............  So its GODS MUISC the DEVIL OWNS NOthiing!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • agreeeeee

  • shut up theres no god or devil.

  • devil's muuusic!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • Thanks again for taking the trouble to make these excellent videos. Sorry to be picky, but I'd like to watch these in sequence. I assume all the material builds on the previous lessons, but the titles don't give a clue as to the order in which to study these. Please help!

    PS Thank you for the split screen -- and for showing the keyboard as a player sees it.

  • Thanks fore explaining that!!! I knew what a tritone was but i didn't really know how to use it!

  • Tritones sound evil :-s

  • Because its the Devils interval... The theme song for the Simpsons uses it too =)

  • I know... If I hadn't known it was called the Devil's interval it wouldn't have sound that creepy for me... Maybe just a little dissonant :)

    The Simpsons use it? Auch I will never watch the Simpsons agaiN!

    Lol Looks like I have a Tritonofobia... I always creep myself when i hear it in any song :-s... There is something evil in that scale degree...

  • Thats why is was banned from being played in the middle ages... I dont know if it was the church that brought on the whole making it evil thing... its all pretty interesting... I bet wikipedia has a good explanation of the history of tri-tones & how they're evil

  • No they didnt. Dumbass kids like you keep spreading this nonsense. The catholic church regulated its use, but it was never banned. They used it all of the time when referencing the crucifixion of christ. It was undesirable to use in church music because it is awkward to sing.

  • there is no devil. Just art mimicking life. Night and Day. astrotheology. Jesus died at 33 yrs of age. add the two together and you get six. Jesus had twelve apostles. divide the number in two and you get 6 6. 666.

  • BLACK SABBATH by Black Sabbath. c & f# together do sound a little spooky.

  • oh yeah well augmented and diminished make you sound smarter lol. good vid

  • thanks so much!!!

  • I have an ear training test on Monday, and the tri-tone is killing me, because it is hard for me to hear the minor intervals... I must push on with practicing!!!! eerrrgghh. Thank you though, because I keep forgetting about the tritone, and what it is.

  • thanks!

  • Dis b da music of da devil !!

  • i like you, im gonna subscribe to your videos. You are a smart guy.. thanks for teaching me about tritones hahaha.

  • Love it! you taught me alot!

  • This was VERY helpful in understanding tri-tones... thanks a lot!

  • I was on board when you explained what a tri-tone is, but when you started talking about the tritone substitutions, I got lost. LOL

  • sooo much better than that expert village garbage. Thanks sir, your time and effort is appreciated, please keep it up. Expert Village is FLOODING youtube with sub par info.

  • I know, Expert Village is terrible. I don't see how it got so huge.

  • this video helped so much thank you for going so slow lol

  • thank you.

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